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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Manual for the surveillance of vaccine-preventable diseases. Chapter 1: diphtheria. Dec 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Diphtheria: clinicians. Sep 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Yellow Book 2024: health information for international travel. Section 5: travel-associated infections & diseases: diphtheria. May 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

World Health Organization. Diphtheria vaccines: WHO position paper - August 2017. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2017 Aug 4;92(31):417-35.Texto completo  Resumo

American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases. Diphtheria. In: Kimberlin DW, Brady MT, Jackson MA, Long SS, eds. Red Book: 2021 report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 32nd ed. Itasca, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2021.Texto completo

Havers FP, Moro PL, Hunter P, et al. Use of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccines: updated recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Jan 24;69(3):77-83.Texto completo  Resumo

UK Health Security Agency. Public health control and management of diphtheria in England. 2022 guidelines. Feb 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Infection control in healthcare personnel: epidemiology and control of selected infections transmitted among healthcare personnel and patients. Oct 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Manual for the surveillance of vaccine-preventable diseases. Chapter 1: diphtheria. Dec 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Diphtheria: clinicians. Sep 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

3. Moore LSP, Leslie A, Meltzer M, et al. Corynebacterium ulcerans cutaneous diphtheria. Lancet Infect Dis. 2015 Sep;15(9):1100-07. Resumo

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8. Clarke KEN, MacNeil A, Hadler S, et al. Global epidemiology of diphtheria, 2000-2017. Emerg Infect Dis. 2019 Oct;25(10):1834-42.Texto completo  Resumo

9. World Health Organization. Diphtheria reported cases and incidence [​internet publication].Texto completo

10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Yellow Book 2024: health information for international travel. Section 5: travel-associated infections & diseases: diphtheria. May 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

11. Sharma NC, Efstratiou A, Mokrousov I, et al. Diphtheria. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2019 Dec 5;5(1):81.Texto completo  Resumo

12. World Health Organization. Diphtheria vaccines: WHO position paper - August 2017. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2017 Aug 4;92(31):417-35.Texto completo  Resumo

13. Galazka A. The changing epidemiology of diphtheria in the vaccine era. J Infect Dis. 2000 Feb;181 Suppl 1:S2-9.Texto completo  Resumo

14. Mosser JF, Gagne-Maynard W, Rao PC, et al. Mapping diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine coverage in Africa, 2000-2016: a spatial and temporal modelling study. Lancet. 2019 May 4;393(10183):1843-55.Texto completo  Resumo

15. Besa NC, Coldiron ME, Bakri A, et al. Diphtheria outbreak with high mortality in northeastern Nigeria. Epidemiol Infect. 2014 Apr;142(4):797-802.Texto completo  Resumo

16. Mahomed S, Archary M, Mutevedzi P, et al. An isolated outbreak of diphtheria in South Africa, 2015. Epidemiol Infect. 2017 Jul;145(10):2100-08.Texto completo  Resumo

17. Vitek CR, Bogatyreva EY, Wharton M. Diphtheria surveillance and control in the former Soviet Union and the newly independent states. J Infect Dis. 2000 Feb;181 Suppl 1:S23-6.Texto completo  Resumo

18. Markina SS, Maksimova NM, Lazikova GF. Diphtheria morbidity in Russia today [in Russian]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 2005 Jan-Feb;(1):31-7. Resumo

19. World Health Organization. Diphtheria - Cox's Bazar in Bangladesh. Disease outbreak news 13 December 2017. Dec 2017 [internet publication].Texto completo

20. Truelove SA, Keegan LT, Moss WJ, et al. Clinical and epidemiological aspects of diphtheria: a systematic review and pooled analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Jun 24;71(1):89-97.Texto completo  Resumo

21. Polonsky JA, Ivey M, Mazhar MKA, et al. Epidemiological, clinical, and public health response characteristics of a large outbreak of diphtheria among the Rohingya population in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh, 2017 to 2019: A retrospective study. PLoS Med. 2021 Apr;18(4):e1003587.Texto completo  Resumo

22. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Increase of reported diphtheria cases among migrants in Europe due to Corynebacterium diphtheriae, 2022. Oct 2022 [internet publication].​Texto completo

23. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Communicable disease threats report, 23-29 October 2022, week 4​3. Oct 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

24. Acosta AM, Pedro LM, Hariri S et al. Diphtheria. In: Hall E, Wodi AP, Hamborsky J, et al. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Epidemiology and vaccine-preventable diseases. 14th ed. Washington, DC. Public Health Foundation, 2021.Texto completo

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26. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases. Diphtheria. In: Kimberlin DW, Brady MT, Jackson MA, Long SS, eds. Red Book: 2021 report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 32nd ed. Itasca, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2021.Texto completo

27. World Health Organization. Diphtheria - Yemen. Disease outbreak news 22 December 2017. Dec 2017 [internet publication].Texto completo

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29. Griffith J, Bozio CH, Poel AJ, et al. Imported toxin-producing cutaneous diphtheria - Minnesota, Washington, and New Mexico, 2015-2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019 Mar 29;68(12):281-4.Texto completo  Resumo

30. UK Health Security Agency. Diphtheria: the green book, chapter 15. Apr 2013 [internet publication].Texto completo

31. Havers FP, Moro PL, Hunter P, et al. Use of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccines: updated recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Jan 24;69(3):77-83.Texto completo  Resumo

32. Guo B, Page A, Wang H, et al. Systematic review of reporting rates of adverse events following immunization: An international comparison of post-marketing surveillance programs with reference to China. Vaccine. 2013 Jan 11;31(4):603-17. Resumo

33. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Immunization schedules. Recommendations for ages 18 years or younger, United States, 2023. Feb 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

34. Oliver SE, Moore KL. Licensure of a diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis, inactivated poliovirus, Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate, and hepatitis B vaccine, and guidance for use in infants. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Feb 7;69(5):136-9.Texto completo  Resumo

35. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Immunization schedules. Recommendations for ages 19 years or older, United States, 2023. Feb 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

36. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG committee opinion no. 718: update on immunization and pregnancy: tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis vaccination. Sep 2017 [internet publication].Texto completo

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38. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Manual for the surveillance of vaccine-preventable diseases. Chapter 22: Laboratory support for surveillance of vaccine-preventable diseases. Jan 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

39. UK Health Security Agency. Public health control and management of diphtheria in England. 2022 guidelines. Feb 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

40. World Health Organization. WHO laboratory manual for the diagnosis of diphtheria and other related infections. 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

41. Centers for Disese Control and Prevention. Diphtheria. Laboratory information. ​Sep 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

42. Favorova LA. The risk of infection in droplet infections. The influence of overcrowding and prolonged contact on transmission of the diphtheria pathogen. J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol. 1969;13(1):73-82. Resumo

43. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. ​Group A streptococcal (GAS) disease. Jun 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

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45. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Epstein-Barr virus and infectious mononucleosis​. About infectious mononucleosis. Sep 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo

46. UK Health Security Agency. Diphtheria anti-toxin (DAT): information for healthcare professionals. Sep 2022 [internet publication].​Texto completo

47. Centers for Disease Controla and Prevention. Expanded access investigational new drug (IND) application protocol: use of diphtheria antitoxin (DAT) for possible diphtheria cases. Jun 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

48. Wenzel EV, Bosnak M, Tierney R, et al. Human antibodies neutralizing diphtheria toxin in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep. 2020 Jan 17;10(1):571.Texto completo  Resumo

49. UK Health Security Agency. Immunoglobulin: when to use. Sep 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

50. Eisenberg N, Panunzi I, Wolz A, et al. Diphtheria antitoxin administration, outcomes, and safety: response to a diphtheria outbreak in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Oct 5;73(7):e1713-18.Texto completo  Resumo

51. World Health Organization. Operational protocol for clinical management of diphtheria. Dec 2017 [internet publication].​Texto completo

52. Médecins Sans Frontières. Clinical guidelines - diagnosis and treatment manual. Chapter 2: respiratory diseases: diphtheria. Oct 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

53. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Infection control in healthcare personnel: epidemiology and control of selected infections transmitted among healthcare personnel and patients. Oct 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

54. Logina I, Donaghy M. Diphtheritic polyneuropathy: a clinical study and comparison with Guillain-Barre syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1999 Oct;67(4):433-8. Resumo