Referências
Principais artigos
Gharib H, Papini E, Garber JR, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, American College of Endocrinology, and Associazione Medici Endocrinologi medical guidelines for clinical practice for the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules - 2016 update. Endocr Pract. 2016 May;22(5):622-39.Texto completo Resumo
Zimmermann MB, Boelaert K. Iodine deficiency and thyroid disorders. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2015 Apr;3(4):286-95. Resumo
Ross DS, Burch HB, Cooper DS, et al. 2016 American Thyroid Association guidelines for diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis. Thyroid. 2016;26:1343-1421.Texto completo Resumo
Haugen BR, Alexander EK, Bible KC, et al. 2015 American Thyroid Association management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer: the American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2016 Jan;26(1):1-133.Texto completo Resumo
Artigos de referência
1. Gharib H, Papini E, Garber JR, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, American College of Endocrinology, and Associazione Medici Endocrinologi medical guidelines for clinical practice for the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules - 2016 update. Endocr Pract. 2016 May;22(5):622-39.Texto completo Resumo
2. Gabriel EM, Bergert ER, Grant CS, et al. Germline polymorphism of codon 727 of human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor is associated with toxic multinodular goiter. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84:3328-35.Texto completo Resumo
3. De Leo S, Lee SY, Braverman LE. Hyperthyroidism. Lancet. 2016 Aug 27;388(10047):906-18. Resumo
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6. Guille JT, Opoku-Boateng A, Thibeault SL, et al. Evaluation and management of the pediatric thyroid nodule. Oncologist. 2015 Jan;20(1):19-27.Texto completo Resumo
7. Tonacchera M, Vitti P, De Servi M, et al. Gain of function TSH receptor mutations and iodine deficiency: implications in iodine prophylaxis. J Endocrinol Invest. 2003;26(suppl 2):2-6. Resumo
8. Zimmermann MB, Boelaert K. Iodine deficiency and thyroid disorders. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2015 Apr;3(4):286-95. Resumo
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11. Tonacchera M, Agretti P, Chiovato L, et al. Activating thyrotropin receptor mutations are present in nonadenomatous hyperfunctioning nodules of toxic or autonomous multinodular goiter. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85:2270-4.Texto completo Resumo
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14. Ross DS, Burch HB, Cooper DS, et al. 2016 American Thyroid Association guidelines for diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis. Thyroid. 2016;26:1343-1421.Texto completo Resumo
15. Derwahl M. TSH receptor and Gs-alpha gene mutations in the pathogenesis of toxic thyroid adenomas - a note of caution. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996;81:2783-2785. Resumo
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18. Polak M. Hyperfunctioning thyroid adenoma and activating mutations in the TSH receptor gene. Arch Med Res. 1999;30:510-513. Resumo
19. Krohn K, Führer D, Holzapfel HP, et al. Clonal origin of toxic thyroid nodules with constitutively activating thyrotropin receptor mutations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998;83:130-134. Resumo
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21. Pearce EN, Pino S, He X, et al. Sources of dietary iodine: bread, cows' milk, and infant formula in the Boston area. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:3421-3424. Resumo
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23. Pearce EN, Farwell AP, Braverman LE. Thyroiditis. N Engl J Med. 2003;26:348:2646-2655. [Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2003;349:620.] Resumo
24. De Filippis EA, Sabet A, Sun MR, et al. Pemberton's sign: explained nearly 70 years later. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99:1949-1954. Resumo
25. American College of Radiology. ACR Appropriateness Criteria®. Thyroid disease. 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo
26. Singh Ospina N, Iñiguez-Ariza NM, Castro MR. Thyroid nodules: diagnostic evaluation based on thyroid cancer risk assessment. BMJ. 2020 Jan 7;368:l6670.Texto completo Resumo
27. Haugen BR, Alexander EK, Bible KC, et al. 2015 American Thyroid Association management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer: the American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2016 Jan;26(1):1-133.Texto completo Resumo
28. Cibas ES, Ali SZ. The 2017 Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology. Thyroid. 2017 Nov;27(11):1341-6.Texto completo Resumo
29. Scappaticcio L, Maiorino MI, Maio A, et al. Neutropenia in patients with hyperthyroidism: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2021 Mar;94(3):473-83.Texto completo Resumo
30. Scappaticcio L, Longo M, Maiorino MI, et al. Abnormal liver blood tests in patients with hyperthyroidism: systematic review and meta-analysis. Thyroid. 2021 Jun;31(6):884-94.Texto completo Resumo
31. Belfiore A, La Rosa GL, La Porta GA, et al. Cancer risk in patients with cold thyroid nodules: relevance of iodine intake, sex, age, and multinodularity. Am J Med. 1992;93:363-369. Resumo
32. Nygaard B, Hegedus L, Ulriksen P, et al. Radioiodine therapy for multinodular toxic goiter. Arch Intern Med. 1999;159:1364-1368. Resumo
33. Cooper DS. Antithyroid drugs. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:905-917. Resumo
34. Alexander EK, Pearce EN, Brent GA, et al. 2017 Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and the postpartum. Thyroid. 2017;27:315-389.Texto completo Resumo
35. Patel KN, Yip L, Lubitz CC, et al. The American Association of Endocrine Surgeons guidelines for the definitive surgical management of thyroid disease in adults. Ann Surg. 2020 Mar;271(3):e21-e93.Texto completo Resumo
36. Biondi B, Cooper DS. Subclinical hyperthyroidism. N Engl J Med. 2018 Jun 21;378(25):2411-9. Resumo
37. Delitala AP, Scuteri A, Doria C. Thyroid hormone diseases and osteoporosis. J Clin Med. 2020 Apr 6;9(4):1034.Texto completo Resumo
38. Pearce EN. Diagnosis and management of thyrotoxicosis. BMJ. 2006 Jun 10;332(7554):1369-73. Resumo
39. Adam MA, Thomas S, Youngwirth L, et al. Is there a minimum number of thyroidectomies a surgeon should perform to optimize patient outcomes? Ann Surg. 2017;265:402-407. Resumo
40. Franklyn JA, Boelaert K. Thyrotoxicosis. Lancet. 2012;379:1155-1166. Resumo
41. Stachura A, Gryn T, Kałuża B, et al. Predictors of euthyreosis in hyperthyroid patients treated with radioiodine <sup>131</sup>I<sup>-</sup>: a retrospective study. BMC Endocr Disord. 2020 Jun 1;20(1):77.Texto completo Resumo
42. Kahraman D, Keller C, Schneider C, et al. Development of hypothyroidism during long-term follow-up of patients with toxic nodular goitre after radioiodine therapy. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2012 Feb;76(2):297-303.Texto completo Resumo
43. Toft AD. Clinical practice. Subclinical hyperthyroidism. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:512-516. Resumo
44. Bednarczuk T, Brix TH, Schima W, et al. 2021 European Thyroid Association guidelines for the management of iodine-based contrast media-induced thyroid dysfunction. Eur Thyroid J. 2021 Jul;10(4):269-84.Texto completo Resumo
45. Sisson JC, Freitas J, McDougall IR, et al; American Thyroid Association Taskforce On Radioiodine Safety. Radiation safety in the treatment of patients with thyroid diseases by radioiodine 131I: practice recommendations of the American Thyroid Association. Thyroid. 2011;21:335-346.Texto completo Resumo
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