Ceratose actínica

de Berker D, McGregor JM, Mohd Mustapa MF, et al. British Association of Dermatologists' guidelines for the care of patients with actinic keratosis 2017. Br J Dermatol. 2017 Jan;176(1):20-43. Resumo

Eisen DB, Asgari MM, Bennett DD, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of actinic keratosis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021 Oct;85(4):e209-33.Texto completo  Resumo

European Dermatology Forum. Evidence and consensus based (S3) guidelines for the treatment of actinic keratosis. 2015 [internet publication].Texto completo

Eisen DB, Dellavalle RP, Frazer-Green L, et al. Focused update: guidelines of care for the management of actinic keratosis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2022 Aug;87(2):373-4.e5.Texto completo  Resumo

1. Moy R. Clinical presentation of actinic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000 Jan;42(1 Pt 2):8-10. Resumo

2. Berman B, Bienstock L, Kuritzky L, et al. Primary Care Education Consortium; Texas Academy of Family Physicians. Actinic keratoses: sequelae and treatments. Recommendations from a consensus panel. J Fam Pract. 2006 May;55(5):suppl 1-8. Resumo

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4. Schwartz RA. The actinic keratosis: a perspective and update. Dermatol Surg. 1997 Nov;23(11):1009-19. Resumo

5. Kuflik AS, Schwartz RA. Actinic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma. Am Fam Physician. 1994 Mar;49(4):817-20. Resumo

6. Chung HJ, McGuigan KL, Osley KL, et al. Pigmented solar (actinic) keratosis: an underrecognized collision lesion. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013 Apr;68(4):647-53. Resumo

7. Yu RC, Pryce DW, Macfarlane AW, et al. A histopathological study of 643 cutaneous horns. Br J Dermatol. 1991 May;124(5):449-52 Resumo

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9. Hemminki K, Zhang H, Czene K. Time trends and familial risks in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. Arch Dermatol. 2003 Jul;139(7):885-9.Texto completo  Resumo

10. Diepgen TL, Mahler V. The epidemiology of skin cancer. Br J Dermatol. 2002 Apr;146 Suppl 61:1-6. Resumo

11. Christenson LJ, Borrowman TA, Vachon CM, et al. Incidence of basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas in a population younger than 40 years. JAMA. 2005 Aug 10;294(6):681-90.Texto completo  Resumo

12. de Berker D, McGregor JM, Mohd Mustapa MF, et al. British Association of Dermatologists' guidelines for the care of patients with actinic keratosis 2017. Br J Dermatol. 2017 Jan;176(1):20-43. Resumo

13. Anwar J, Wrone DA, Kimyai-Asadi A, et al. The development of actinic keratosis into invasive squamous cell carcinoma: evidence and evolving classification schemes. Clin Dermatol. 2004 May-Jun;22(3):189-96. Resumo

14. Helfand M, Gorman AK, Mahon S, et al; US Department of Health and Human Services. Actinic keratoses: final report. May 2001 [internet publication].Texto completo

15. Lookingbill DP, Lookingbill GL, Leppard B. Actinic damage and skin cancer in albinos in northern Tanzania: findings in 164 patients enrolled in an outreach skin care program. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1995 Apr;32(4):653-8. Resumo

16. Lehmann AR, Bridges BA. Sunlight-induced cancer: some new aspects and implications of the xeroderma pigmentosum model. Br J Dermatol. 1990 Apr;122 Suppl 35:115-9. Resumo

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19. Memon AA, Tomenson JA, Bothwell J. Prevalence of solar damage and actinic keratosis in a Merseyside population. Br J Dermatol. 2000 Jun;142(6):1154-9. Resumo

20. Zagula-Mally ZW, Rosenberg EW, Kashgarian M. Frequency of skin cancer and solar keratoses in a rural southern county as determined by population sampling. Cancer. 1974 Aug;34(2):345-9. Resumo

21. Frost C, Williams G, Green A. High incidence and regression rates of solar keratoses in a Queensland community. J Invest Dermatol. 2000 Aug;115(2):273-7.Texto completo  Resumo

22. Green A, Beardmore G, Hart V, et al. Skin cancer in a Queensland population. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1988 Dec;19(6):1045-52. Resumo

23. Cooper KD, Fox P, Neises G, et al. Effects of ultraviolet radiation on human epidermal cell alloantigen presentation: initial depression of Langerhans cell-dependent function is followed by the appearance of T6- Dr+ cells that enhance epidermal alloantigen presentation. J Immunol. 1985 Jan;134(1):129-37. Resumo

24. Granstein RD, Askari M, Whitaker D, et al. Epidermal cells in activation of suppressor lymphocytes: further characterization. J Immunol. 1987 Jun 15;138(12):4055-62. Resumo

25. Winkelmann, Baldes EJ, Zollman PE. Squamous cell tumors induced in hairless mice with ultraviolet light. J Invest Dermatol. 1960 Feb;34:131-8. Resumo

26. Nomura T, Nakajima H, Hongyo T, et al. Induction of cancer, actinic keratosis, and specific p53 mutations by UVB light in human skin maintained in severe combined immunodeficient mice. Cancer Res. 1997 Jun 1;57(11):2081-4.Texto completo  Resumo

27. Levine AJ, Momand J, Finlay CA. The p53 tumour suppressor gene. Nature. 1991 Jun 6;351(6326):453-6. Resumo

28. Fu W, Cockerell CJ. The actinic (solar) keratosis: a 21st-century perspective. Arch Dermatol. 2003 Jan;139(1):66-70. Resumo

29. Del Rosso JQ. Current regimens and guideline implications for the treatment of actinic keratosis: proceedings of a clinical roundtable at the 2011 Winter Clinical Dermatology Conference. Cutis. 2011 Jul;88(1):suppl 1-8. Resumo

30. Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW. p53 function and dysfunction. Cell. 1992 Aug 21;70(4):523-6. Resumo

31. Lane DP. Cancer. p53, guardian of the genome. Nature. 1992 Jul 2;358(6381):15-6. Resumo

32. Satchell AC, Barnetson RS, Halliday GM. Increased Fas ligand expression by T cells and tumour cells in the progression of actinic keratosis to squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Dermatol. 2004 Jul;151(1):42-9. Resumo

33. Clifford JL, Walch E, Yang X, et al. Suppression of type I interferon signaling proteins is an early event in squamous skin carcinogenesis. Clin Cancer Res. 2002 Jul;8(7):2067-72.Texto completo  Resumo

34. Yaar M, Karassik RL, Schnipper LE, et al. Effects of alpha and beta interferons on cultured human keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol. 1985 Jul;85(1):70-4. Resumo

35. Bromberg JF, Horvath CM, Wen Z, et al. Transcriptionally active Stat1 is required for the antiproliferative effects of both interferon alpha and interferon gamma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Jul 23;93(15):7673-8.Texto completo  Resumo

36. Smit NP, Vink AA, Kolb RM, et al. Melanin offers protection against induction of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and 6-4 photoproducts by UVB in cultured human melanocytes. Photochem Photobiol. 2001 Sep;74(3):424-30. Resumo

37. Ortonne JP. Photoprotective properties of skin melanin. Br J Dermatol. 2002 Apr;146 Suppl 61:7-10. Resumo

38. Frost CA, Green AC. Epidemiology of solar keratoses. Br J Dermatol. 1994 Oct;131(4):455-64. Resumo

39. Giles GG, Marks R, Foley P. Incidence of non-melanocytic skin cancer treated in Australia. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1988 Jan 2;296(6614):13-7.Texto completo  Resumo

40. Marks R, Jolley D, Lectsas S, Foley P. The role of childhood exposure to sunlight in the development of solar keratoses and non-melanocytic skin cancer. Med J Aust. 1990 Jan 15;152(2):62-6. Resumo

41. Salasche SJ. Epidemiology of actinic keratoses and squamous cell carcinoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000 Jan;42(1 Pt 2):4-7. Resumo

42. Stockfleth E, Ulrich C, Meyer T, et al. Epithelial malignancies in organ transplant patients: clinical presentation and new methods of treatment. Recent Results Cancer Res. 2002;160:251-8. Resumo

43. Ulrich C, Schmook T, Sachse MM, et al. Comparative epidemiology and pathogenic factors for nonmelanoma skin cancer in organ transplant patients. Dermatol Surg. 2004 Apr;30(4 Pt 2):622-7. Resumo

44. Thompson SC, Jolley D, Marks R. Reduction of solar keratoses by regular sunscreen use. N Engl J Med. 1993 Oct 14;329(16):1147-51. Resumo

45. Naylor MF, Boyd A, Smith DW, et al. High sun protection factor sunscreens in the suppression of actinic neoplasia. Arch Dermatol. 1995 Feb;131(2):170-5. Resumo

46. Rigel DS. Photoprotection: a 21st century perspective. Br J Dermatol. 2002 Apr;146 Suppl 61:34-7. Resumo

47. Darlington S, Williams G, Neale R, et al. A randomized controlled trial to assess sunscreen application and beta carotene supplementation in the prevention of solar keratoses. Arch Dermatol. 2003 Apr;139(4):451-5.Texto completo  Resumo

48. Eisen DB, Asgari MM, Bennett DD, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of actinic keratosis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021 Oct;85(4):e209-33.Texto completo  Resumo

49. Black HS, Herd JA, Goldberg LH, et al. Effect of a low-fat diet on the incidence of actinic keratosis. N Engl J Med. 1994 May 5;330(18):1272-5. Resumo

50. Zalaudek I, Giacomel J, Argenziano G, et al. Dermoscopy of facial nonpigmented actinic keratosis. Br J Dermatol. 2006 Nov;155(5):951-6. Resumo

51. Zalaudek I, Giacomel J, Schmid K, et al. Dermatoscopy of facial actinic keratosis, intraepidermal carcinoma, and invasive squamous cell carcinoma: A progression model. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012 Apr;66(4):589-97. Resumo

52. Quaedvlieg PJ, Tirsi E, Thissen MR, et al. Actinic keratosis: how to differentiate the good from the bad ones? Eur J Dermatol. 2006 Jul-Aug;16(4):335-9. Resumo

53. Elder DE, Elenitsas R, Johnson Jr. BL, et al. Lever's histopathology of the skin. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005.

54. Stolz W, Braun-Falco O, Bilek P, et al. Color atlas of dermatoscopy. 1st ed. London, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd; 1994.

55. Menzies SW, Crotty KA, Ingvar C, et al. An atlas of surface microscopy of pigmented skin lesions. 1st ed. Sydney, Australia: McGraw-Hill Book Company Australia Pty Limited; 1996.

56. Donnelly AM, Halbert AR, Rohr JB. Discoid lupus erythematosus. Australas J Dermatol. 1995 Feb;36(1):3-10; quiz 11-2. Resumo

57. Weber F, Fritsch P. Clinical differential diagnosis of cutaneous lupus erythematosus. In: Kuhn A, Lehmann P, Ruzica T, eds. Cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 2005.

58. Kontos AP, Jirsari M, Jacobsen G, et al. Immunoglobulin M predominance in cutaneous lupus erythematosus. J Cutan Pathol. 2005 May;32(5):352-5. Resumo

59. Zedek DC, Smith ET Jr, Hitchcock MG, et al. Cutaneous lupus erythematosus simulating squamous neoplasia: the clinicopathologic conundrum and histopathologic pitfalls. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007 Jun;56(6):1013-20. Resumo

60. Perniciaro C, Randle HW, Perry HO. Hypertrophic discoid lupus erythematosus resembling squamous cell carcinoma. Dermatol Surg. 1995 Mar;21(3):255-7. Resumo

61. Uitto J, Santa-Cruz DJ, Eisen AZ, et al. Verrucous lesion in patients with discoid lupus erythematosus. Clinical, histopathological and immunofluorescence studies. Br J Dermatol. 1978 May;98(5):507-20. Resumo

62. Patel P, Werth V. Cutaneous lupus erythematosus: a review. Dermatol Clin. 2002 Jul;20(3):373-85. Resumo

63. Reid C. Drug treatment of cutaneous lupus. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2000 Nov-Dec;1(6):375-9. Resumo

64. Tebbe B, Orfanos CE. Epidemiology and socioeconomic impact of skin disease in lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 1997 Feb 1;6(2):96-104. Resumo

65. Sontheimer RD. Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus: a decade's perspective. Med Clin North Am. 1989 Sep;73(5):1073-90. Resumo

66. Telfer NR, Chalmers RJ, Whale K, et al. The role of streptococcal infection in the initiation of guttate psoriasis. Arch Dermatol. 1992 Jan;128(1):39-42. Resumo

67. Christophers E, Kiene P. Guttate and plaque psoriasis. Dermatol Clin. 1995 Oct;13(4):751-6. Resumo

68. Mehregan DR, Hamzavi F, Brown K. Large cell acanthoma. Int J Dermatol. 2003 Jan;42(1):36-9. Resumo

69. Roewert HJ, Ackerman AB. Large-cell acanthoma is a solar lentigo. Am J Dermatopathol. 1992 Apr;14(2):122-32. Resumo

70. Sanchez Yus E, del Rio E, Requena L. Large-cell acanthoma is a distinctive condition. Am J Dermatopathol. 1992 Apr;14(2):140-7. Resumo

71. Rahbari H, Pinkus H. Large cell acanthoma. One of the actinic keratoses. Arch Dermatol. 1978 Jan;114(1):49-52. Resumo

72. Sanchez Yus E, de Diego V, Urrutia S. Large cell acanthoma. A cytologic variant of Bowen's disease? Am J Dermatopathol. 1988 Jun;10(3):197-208. Resumo

73. Uhlenhake EE, Sangueza OP, Lee AD, et al. Spreading pigmented actinic keratosis: a review. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2010 Sep;63(3):499-506. Resumo

74. Yantsos VA, Conrad N, Zabawski E, et al. Incipient intraepidermal cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a proposal for reclassifying and grading solar (actinic) keratoses. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 1999 Mar;18(1):3-14. Resumo

75. Carag HR, Prieto VG, Yballe LS, et al. Utility of step sections: demonstration of additional pathological findings in biopsy samples initially diagnosed as actinic keratosis. Arch Dermatol. 2000 Apr;136(4):471-5.Texto completo  Resumo

76. Scurry J. Grading of actinic keratoses. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001 Jun;44(6):1052-3. Resumo

77. European Dermatology Forum. Evidence and consensus based (S3) guidelines for the treatment of actinic keratosis. 2015 [internet publication].Texto completo

78. Chiarello SE. Cryopeeling (extensive cryosurgery) for treatment of actinic keratoses: an update and comparison. Dermatol Surg. 2000 Aug;26(8):728-32 Resumo

79. Gupta AK, Paquet M, Villanueva E, et al. Interventions for actinic keratoses. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Dec 12;12(12):CD004415.Texto completo  Resumo

80. Patel G, Armstrong AW, Eisen DB. Efficacy of photodynamic therapy vs other interventions in randomized clinical trials for the treatment of actinic keratoses: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Dermatol. 2014 Dec;150(12):1281-8.Texto completo  Resumo

81. Brian Jiang SI, Kempers S, Rich P, et al. A randomized, vehicle-controlled phase 3 study of aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy for the treatment of actinic keratoses on the upper extremities. Dermatol Surg. 2019 Jul;45(7):890-7. Resumo

82. Touma D, Yaar M, Whitehead S, et al. A trial of short incubation, broad-area photodynamic therapy for facial actinic keratoses and diffuse photodamage. Arch Dermatol. 2004 Jan;140(1):33-40.Texto completo  Resumo

83. Braathen LR, Szeimies RM, Basset-Seguin N, et al; International Society for Photodynamic Therapy in Dermatology. Guidelines on the use of photodynamic therapy for nonmelanoma skin cancer: an international consensus. International Society for Photodynamic Therapy in Dermatology, 2005. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007 Jan;56(1):125-43. Resumo

84. Piacquadio DJ, Chen DM, Farber HF, et al. Photodynamic therapy with aminolevulinic acid topical solution and visible blue light in the treatment of multiple actinic keratoses of the face and scalp: investigator-blinded, phase 3, multicenter trials. Arch Dermatol. 2004 Jan;140(1):41-6.Texto completo  Resumo

85. Fayter D, Corbett M, Heirs M, et al. A systematic review of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of pre-cancerous skin conditions, Barrett's oesophagus and cancers of the biliary tract, brain, head and neck, lung, oesophagus and skin. Health Technol Assess. 2010 Jul;14(37):1-288. Resumo

86. Morton CA, Szeimies RM, Basset-Seguin N, et al. European Dermatology Forum guidelines on topical photodynamic therapy 2019 part 1: treatment delivery and established indications - actinic keratoses, Bowen's disease and basal cell carcinomas. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2019 Dec;33(12):2225-38.Texto completo  Resumo

87. Jiang AJ, Soon SL, Rullan P, et al. Chemical peels as field therapy for actinic keratoses: a systematic review. Dermatol Surg. 2021 Oct 1;47(10):1343-6. Resumo

88. Holzer G, Pinkowicz A, Radakovic S, et al. Randomized controlled trial comparing 35% trichloroacetic acid peel and 5-aminolaevulinic acid photodynamic therapy for treating multiple actinic keratosis. Br J Dermatol. 2017 May;176(5):1155-61. Resumo

89. Jansen MHE, Kessels JPHM, Nelemans PJ, et al. Randomized trial of four treatment approaches for actinic keratosis. N Engl J Med. 2019 Mar 7;380(10):935-46.Texto completo  Resumo

90. Krawtchenko N, Roewert-Huber J, Ulrich M, et al. A randomised study of topical 5% imiquimod vs. topical 5-fluorouracil vs. cryosurgery in immunocompetent patients with actinic keratoses: a comparison of clinical and histological outcomes including 1-year follow-up. Br J Dermatol. 2007 Dec;157 (Suppl 2):34-40. Resumo

91. Stockfleth E, Zwingers T, Willers C. Recurrence rates and patient assessed outcomes of 0.5% 5-fluorouracil in combination with salicylic acid treating actinic keratoses. Eur J Dermatol. 2012 May-Jun;22(3):370-4. Resumo

92. Kaur RR, Alikhan A, Maibach HI. Comparison of topical 5-fluorouracil formulations in actinic keratosis treatment. J Dermatolog Treat. 2010 Sep;21(5):267-71. Resumo

93. Loven K, Stein L, Furst K, et al. Evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of 0.5% fluorouracil cream and 5% fluorouracil cream applied to each side of the face in patients with actinic keratosis. Clin Ther. 2002 Jun;24(6):990-1000. Resumo

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95. Hanke CW, Beer KR, Stockfleth E, et al. Imiquimod 2.5% and 3.75% for the treatment of actinic keratoses: results of two placebo-controlled studies of daily application to the face and balding scalp for two 3-week cycles. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2010 Apr;62(4):573-81. Resumo

96. Stockfleth E, Christophers E, Benninghoff B, et al. Low incidence of new actinic keratoses after topical 5% imiquimod cream treatment: a long-term follow-up study. Arch Dermatol. 2004 Dec;140(12):1542. Resumo

97. Lee PK, Harwell WB, Loven KH, et al. Long-term clinical outcomes following treatment of actinic keratosis with imiquimod 5% cream. Dermatol Surg. 2005 Jun;31(6):659-64. Resumo

98. Gebauer K, Brown P, Varigos G. Topical diclofenac in hyaluronan gel for the treatment of solar keratoses. Australas J Dermatol. 2003 Feb;44(1):40-3. Resumo

99. Wolf JE Jr, Taylor JR, Tschen E, et al. Topical 3.0% diclofenac in 2.5% hyaluronan gel in the treatment of actinic keratoses. Int J Dermatol. 2001 Nov;40(11):709-13. Resumo

100. Nelson C, Rigel D. Long-term follow up of diclofenac sodium 3% in 2.5% hyaluronic acid gel for actinic keratosis: one-year evaluation. J Clin Aesth Dermatol. 2009 Jul;2(7):20-5.Texto completo

101. Berman B, Villa AM, Ramirez CC. Mechanisms of action of new treatment modalities for actinic keratosis. J Drugs Dermatol. 2006 Feb;5(2):167-73. Resumo

102. Smith SR, Morhenn VB, Piacquadio DJ. Bilateral comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of 3% diclofenac sodium gel and 5% 5-fluorouracil cream in the treatment of actinic keratoses of the face and scalp. J Drugs Dermatol. 2006 Feb;5(2):156-9. Resumo

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111. Orenstein A, Goldan O, Weissman O, et al. A new modality in the treatment of actinic cheilitis using the Er:YAG laser. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2007 Mar;9(1):23-5. Resumo

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113. Dohil MA. Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of 4% 5-Fluorouracil Cream in a Novel Patented Aqueous Cream Containing Peanut Oil Once Daily Compared With 5% 5-Fluorouracil Cream Twice Daily: Meeting the Challenge in the Treatment of Actinic Keratosis. J Drugs Dermatol. 2016 Oct 1;15(10):1218-24. Resumo

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115. Glogau RG. The risk of progression to invasive disease. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000 Jan;42(1 Pt 2):23-4. Resumo

116. Marks R, Foley P, Goodman G, et al. Spontaneous remission of solar keratoses: the case for conservative management. Br J Dermatol. 1986 Dec;115(6):649-55. Resumo

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