Discussões com os pacientes
Deve-se aconselhar os pacientes:
Monitorar o peso diariamente (para a volemia)
Controlar o peso através de dieta e de exercício regular limitado pelos sintomas
Restringir sódio e líquidos quando necessário
Interromper o tabagismo e o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas
Participar de exercícios regulares, se possível, e inscrever-se em um programa de reabilitação cardíaca.[7]Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, et al. 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2022 May 3;145(18):e895-1032.
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001063
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35363499?tool=bestpractice.com
[9]McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, et al; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2021 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2021 Sep 21;42(36):3599-726.
https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/42/36/3599/6358045
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34447992?tool=bestpractice.com
Tomar vacinas contra infecções respiratórias, como gripe (influenza), COVID-19, doença pneumocócica e vírus sincicial respiratório (pacientes com 60 anos ou mais).[7]Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, et al. 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2022 May 3;145(18):e895-1032.
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001063
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35363499?tool=bestpractice.com
[313]Melgar M, Britton A, Roper LE, et al. Use of respiratory syncytial virus vaccines in older adults: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2023. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2023 Jul 21;72(29):793-801.
https://www.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7229a4
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37471262?tool=bestpractice.com
Manejar as comorbidades:[314]Maddox TM, Januzzi JL Jr, Allen LA, et al. 2024 ACC expert consensus decision pathway for treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a report of the American College of Cardiology solution set oversight committee. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2024 Apr 16;83(15):1444-88.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735109723083547
Controlar de hipertensão e diabetes (por exemplo, estabelecer metas para a pressão arterial e a HbA1c para os pacientes)
Controlar os lipídios (por exemplo, fornecer folhetos e mostrar links de sites sobre dieta, exercícios e estilo de vida saudável)