Infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV)

Referências

Principais artigos

World Health Organization. Guideline on when to start antiretroviral therapy and on pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV. Sep 2015 [internet publication].Texto completo

US Department of Health and Human Services Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in adults and adolescents living with HIV. Feb 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo

World Health Organization. WHO case definitions of HIV for surveillance and revised clinical staging and immunological classification of HIV-related disease in adults and children. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press; 2007 [internet publication].Texto completo

Artigos de referência

1. World Health Organization. HIV/AIDS: online QA. Nov 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

2. Worobey M. The origins and diversifications of HIV. In: Volberding P, Sande M, Lange J, et al., eds. Global HIV/AIDS medicine. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2008.

3. Wilson D, Naidoo S, Bekker LG, et al. Handbook of HIV medicine. South Africa: Oxford University Press; 2002.

4. Robertson DL, Anderson JP, Bradac JL, et al. HIV-1 nomenclature proposal. Science. 2000 Apr 7;288(5463):55-6. Resumo

5. Hemelaar J, Elangovan R, Yun J, et al. Global and regional molecular epidemiology of HIV-1, 1990-2015: a systematic review, global survey, and trend analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018 Nov 30. pii: S1473-3099(18)30647-9. Resumo

6. Yamaguchi J, McArthur C, Vallari A, et al. Complete genome sequence of CG-0018a-01 establishes HIV-1 subtype L. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2020 Mar 1;83(3):319-22. Resumo

7. Wymant C, Bezemer D, Blanquart F, et al. A highly virulent variant of HIV-1 circulating in the Netherlands. Science. 2022 Feb 4;375(6580):540-5.Texto completo  Resumo

8. Gottlieb GS, Raugi DN, Smith RA. 90-90-90 for HIV-2? Ending the HIV-2 epidemic by enhancing care and clinical management of patients infected with HIV-2. Lancet HIV. 2018 Jul;5(7):e390-9. Resumo

9. Fidler S, Fox J. Primary HIV infection: a medical and public health emergency requiring rapid specialist management. Clin Med (Lond). 2016 Apr;16(2):180-3.Texto completo  Resumo

10. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.​ In danger: UNAIDS global AIDS update 2022. 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

11. GBD 2017 HIV collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and mortality of HIV, 1980-2017, and forecasts to 2030, for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017. Lancet HIV. 2019 Dec;6(12):e831-9.Texto completo  Resumo

12. Li Z, Purcell DW, Sansom SL, et al. Vital signs: HIV transmission along the continuum of care - United States, 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019 Mar 22;68(11):267-72.Texto completo  Resumo

13. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control/WHO Regional Office for Europe. HIV/AIDS surveillance in Europe 2021 – 2020 data. Stockholm: ECDC; 2021.Texto completo

14. UK Health Security Agency. HIV testing, PrEP, new HIV diagnoses, and care outcomes for people accessing HIV services: 2023 report. Oct 2023 [internet publication].​Texto completo

15. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Estimated annual number of HIV infections - United States, 1981-2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly. 2021 Jun 4:70(22);801-6.Texto completo

16. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Estimated HIV incidence and prevalence in the United States, 2017–2021. May 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

17. Dailey AF, Gant Z, Hu X, et al. Association between social vulnerability and rates of HIV diagnoses among black adults, by selected characteristics and region of residence - United States, 2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022;71:167-70.Texto completo  Resumo

18. Lee K, Trujillo L, Olansky E, et al. Factors associated with use of HIV prevention and health care among transgender women - seven urban areas, 2019-2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 May 20;71(20):673-9.Texto completo  Resumo

19. Nyamweya S, Hegedus A, Jaye A, et al. Comparing HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection: lessons for viral immunopathogenesis. Rev Med Virol. 2013 Jul;23(4):221-40. Resumo

20. Pope M, Hause AT. Transmission, acute HIV-1 infection and the quest to prevent infection. Nat Med. 2003 Jul;9(7):847-52. Resumo

21. Gupta R, Hill A, Sawyer AW, et al. Emergence of drug resistance in HIV type 1-infected patients after receipt of first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review of clinical trials. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Sep 1;47(5):712-22.Texto completo  Resumo

22. Morris L, Cilliers T. Viral structure, replication, tropism, pathogenesis and natural history. In: Abdool Karim SS, Abdool Karim Q, eds. HIV/AIDS in South Africa. Cambridge University Press; 2005:79-89.

23. Kaplan EH, Heimer R. HIV incidence among New Haven needle exchange participants: updated estimates from syringe tracking and testing data. J Acquir Immune Def Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1995 Oct 1;10(2):175-6. Resumo

24. Artenie A, Stone J, Fraser H, et al. Incidence of HIV and hepatitis C virus among people who inject drugs, and associations with age and sex or gender: a global systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023 Mar 27;S2468-1253(23)00018-3.Texto completo  Resumo

25. Farhadian N, Karami Matin B, Farnia V, et al. The prevalence of people who inject drugs among those with HIV late presentation: a meta-analysis. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2022 Feb 10;17(1):11.Texto completo  Resumo

26. Arum C, Fraser H, Artenie AA, et al. Homelessness, unstable housing, and risk of HIV and hepatitis C virus acquisition among people who inject drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Public Health. 2021 May;6(5):e309-23.Texto completo  Resumo

27. Malekinejad M, Barker EK, Merai R, et al. Risk of HIV acquisition among men who have sex with men infected with bacterial sexually transmitted infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sex Transm Dis. 2021 Oct 1;48(10):e138-48.Texto completo  Resumo

28. Varghese B, Maher JE, Peterman TA, et al. Reducing the risk of sexual HIV transmission: quantifying the per-act risk for HIV on the basis of choice of partner, sex act, and condom use. Sex Transm Dis. 2002 Jan;29(1):38-43. Resumo

29. European Study Group on Heterosexual Transmission of HIV. Comparison of female to male and male to female transmission of HIV in 563 stable couples. BMJ. 1992 Mar 28;304(6830):809-13.Texto completo  Resumo

30. Bell DM. Occupational risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection in health care workers: an overview. Am J Med. 1997 May 19;102(5B):9-15. Resumo

31. Cooper ER, Charurat M, Mofenson L, et al; Women and Infants' Transmission Study Group. Combination antiretroviral strategies for the treatment of pregnant HIV-1-infected women and prevention of perinatal HIV-1 transmission. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2002 Apr 15;29(5):484-94. Resumo

32. Polis CB, Curtis KM, Hannaford PC, et al. An updated systematic review of epidemiological evidence on hormonal contraceptive methods and HIV acquisition in women. AIDS. 2016 Nov 13;30(17):2665-83.Texto completo  Resumo

33. Tepper NK, Curtis KM, Cox S, et al. Update to U.S. medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use, 2016: updated recommendations for the use of contraception among women at high risk for HIV infection. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Apr 10;69(14):405-10.Texto completo  Resumo

34. World Health Organization. Contraceptive eligibility for women at high risk of HIV: guidance statement - recommendations on contraceptive methods used by women at high risk of HIV. 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

35. Looker KJ, Elmes JAR, Gottlieb SL, et al. Effect of HSV-2 infection on subsequent HIV acquisition: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017 Dec;17(12):1303-16.Texto completo  Resumo

36. Looker KJ, Welton NJ, Sabin KM, et al. Global and regional estimates of the contribution of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection to HIV incidence: a population attributable fraction analysis using published epidemiological data. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020 Feb;20(2):240-9.Texto completo  Resumo

37. Marfatia YS, Pandya I, Mehta K. Condoms: Past, present, and future. Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS. 2015 Jul-Dec;36(2):133-9.Texto completo  Resumo

38. Hanum N, Cambiano V, Sewell J, et al. Use of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among men who have sex with men in England: data from the AURAH2 prospective study. Lancet Public Health. 2020 Sep;5(9):e501-11.Texto completo  Resumo

39. Finlayson T, Cha S, Xia M, et al; National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Study Group. Changes in HIV preexposure prophylaxis awareness and use among men who have sex with men - 20 urban areas, 2014 and 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019 Jul 12;68(27):597-603.Texto completo  Resumo

40. Riddell J 4th, Amico KR, Mayer KH. HIV preexposure prophylaxis: a review. JAMA. 2018 Mar 27;319(12):1261-8. Resumo

41. O Murchu E, Marshall L, Teljeur C, et al. Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical effectiveness, safety, adherence and risk compensation in all populations. BMJ Open. 2022 May 11;12(5):e048478.Texto completo  Resumo

42. Jourdain H, de Gage SB, Desplas D, et al. Real-world effectiveness of pre-exposure prophylaxis in men at high risk of HIV infection in France: a nested case-control study. Lancet Public Health. 2022 Jun;7(6):e529-36.Texto completo  Resumo

43. Sullivan AK, Saunders J, Desai M, et al. HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and its implementation in the PrEP impact trial in England: a pragmatic health technology assessment. Lancet HIV. 2023 Dec;10(12):e790-806.Texto completo  Resumo

44. Delaugerre C, Rodriguez C, Capitant C, et al. Drug resistance among patients who acquired HIV infection in a preexposure prophylaxis trial. AIDS. 2018;32(16):2353-61. Resumo

45. World Health Organization. Guideline on when to start antiretroviral therapy and on pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV. Sep 2015 [internet publication].Texto completo

46. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Preexposure prophylaxis for the prevention of HIV infection in the United States - 2021 update: a clinical practice guideline. Dec 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

47. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Practice advisory to committee opinion no. 595: preexposure prophylaxis for the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus​. Jun 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

48. US Preventive Services Task Force. Recommendation: prevention of acquisition of HIV: preexposure prophylaxis. Aug 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

49. Holt M, Lea T, Mao L, et al. Community-level changes in condom use and uptake of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis by gay and bisexual men in Melbourne and Sydney, Australia: results of repeated behavioural surveillance in 2013-17. Lancet HIV. 2018 Aug;5(8):e448-56. Resumo

50. Hart TA, Noor SW, Berlin GW, et al. Pre-exposure prophylaxis and bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among gay and bisexual men. Sex Transm Infect. 2023 May;99(3):167-72.Texto completo  Resumo

51. Cohen SE, Sachdev D, Lee SA, et al. Acquisition of tenofovir-susceptible, emtricitabine-resistant HIV despite high adherence to daily pre-exposure prophylaxis: a case report. Lancet HIV. 2018 Nov 29 [Epub ahead of print]. Resumo

52. Tumarkin E, Siedner MJ, Bogoch II. The BMJ 10-minute consultation: HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). BMJ. 2019 Jan 17;364:k4681.

53. US Food and Drug Administration. FDA approves first injectable treatment for HIV pre-exposure prevention. Dec 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

54. Marshall BDL, Goedel WC, King MRF, et al. Potential effectiveness of long-acting injectable pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men: a modelling study. Lancet HIV. 2018 Sep;5(9):e498-505.Texto completo  Resumo

55. Landovitz RJ, Hanscom BS, Clement ME, et al. Efficacy and safety of long-acting cabotegravir compared with daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate plus emtricitabine to prevent HIV infection in cisgender men and transgender women who have sex with men 1 year after study unblinding: a secondary analysis of the phase 2b and 3 HPTN 083 randomised controlled trial. Lancet HIV. 2023 Dec;10(12):e767-78.Texto completo  Resumo

56. World Health Organization. Guidelines on long-acting injectable cabotegravir for HIV prevention. Jul 2022 [internet publication].​Texto completo

57. Antoni G, Tremblay C, Delaugerre C, et al. On-demand pre-exposure prophylaxis with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate plus emtricitabine among men who have sex with men with less frequent sexual intercourse: a post-hoc analysis of the ANRS IPERGAY trial. Lancet HIV. 2020 Feb;7(2):e113-20. Resumo

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59. Musekiwa A, Fernando NB, Abariga SA. Effectiveness of vaginal microbicides in preventing HIV transmission. Trop Med Int Health. 2020 Jul;25(7):790-802.Texto completo  Resumo

60. Nel A, van Niekerk N, Kapiga S, et al. Safety and efficacy of a dapivirine vaginal ring for HIV prevention in women. N Engl J Med. 2016 Dec 1;375(22):2133-43.Texto completo  Resumo

61. World Health Organization. Consolidated guidelines on HIV prevention, testing, treatment, service delivery and monitoring: recommendations for a public health approach. Jul 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

62. Abdool Karim Q, Abdool Karim SS, Frohlich JA, et al. Effectiveness and safety of tenofovir gel, an antiretroviral microbicide, for the prevention of HIV infection in women. Science. 2010 Sep 3;329(5996):1168-74.Texto completo  Resumo

63. Anglemyer A, Rutherford GW, Horvath T, et al. Antiretroviral therapy for prevention of HIV transmission in HIV-discordant couples. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Apr 30;(4):CD009153.Texto completo  Resumo

64. Cohen MS, Chen YQ, McCauley M, et al. Prevention of HIV-1 infection with early antiretroviral therapy. N Engl J Med. 2011 Aug 11;365(6):493-505.Texto completo  Resumo

65. Rodger AJ, Cambiano V, Bruun T, et al; PARTNER Study Group. Sexual activity without condoms and risk of HIV transmission in serodifferent couples when the HIV-positive partner is using suppressive antiretroviral therapy. JAMA. 2016 Jul 12;316(2):171-81.Texto completo  Resumo

66. Bavinton BR, Pinto AN, Phanuphak N, et al; Opposites Attract Study Group. Viral suppression and HIV transmission in serodiscordant male couples: an international, prospective, observational, cohort study. Lancet HIV. 2018 Aug;5(8):e438-47. Resumo

67. PARTNER Study Group. HIV transmission risk through condomless sex in gay couples with suppressive ART: the PARTNER2 Study extended results in gay men. 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo

68. Rodger AJ, Cambiano V, Bruun T, et al; PARTNER Study Group. Risk of HIV transmission through condomless sex in serodifferent gay couples with the HIV-positive partner taking suppressive antiretroviral therapy (PARTNER): final results of a multicentre, prospective, observational study. Lancet. 2019 Jun 15;393(10189):2428-38.Texto completo  Resumo

69. LeMessurier J, Traversy G, Varsaneux O, et al. Risk of sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus with antiretroviral therapy, suppressed viral load and condom use: a systematic review. CMAJ. 2018 Nov 19;190(46):E1350-60.Texto completo  Resumo

70. Broyles LN, Luo R, Boeras D, et al. The risk of sexual transmission of HIV in individuals with low-level HIV viraemia: a systematic review. Lancet. 2023 Aug 5;402(10400):464-71.Texto completo  Resumo

71. US Department of Health and Human Services Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in adults and adolescents living with HIV. Feb 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo

72. Sharma SC, Raison N, Khan S, et al. Male circumcision for the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition: a meta-analysis. BJU Int. 2018 Apr;121(4):515-26.Texto completo  Resumo

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74. Farley TM, Samuelson J, Grabowski MK, et al. Impact of male circumcision on risk of HIV infection in men in a changing epidemic context - systematic review and meta-analysis. J Int AIDS Soc. 2020 Jun;23(6):e25490.Texto completo  Resumo

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76. Rubens M, Ramamoorthy V, Saxena A, et al. HIV vaccine: recent advances, current roadblocks, and future directions. J Immunol Res. 2015;2015:560347.Texto completo  Resumo

77. Leal L, Lucero C, Gatell JM, et al. New challenges in therapeutic vaccines against HIV infection. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2017 Jun;16(6):587-600. Resumo

78. Baden LR, Stieh DJ, Sarnecki M, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of two heterologous HIV vaccine regimens in healthy, HIV-uninfected adults (TRAVERSE): a randomised, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase 1/2a study. Lancet HIV. 2020 Oct;7(10):e688-98.Texto completo  Resumo

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84. Simundic AM, Bölenius K, Cadamuro J, et al. Joint EFLM-COLABIOCLI recommendation for venous blood sampling. Clin Chem Lab Med 2018;56(12):2015-38. Resumo

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86. World Health Organization. WHO recommends optimizing HIV testing services​. Jul 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

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88. World Health Organization. HIV drug resistance report 2021. Nov 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

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93. Ochodo EA, Olwanda EE, Deeks JJ, et al. Point‐of‐care viral load tests to detect high HIV viral load in people living with HIV/AIDS attending health facilities. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Mar 10;3(3):CD013208.Texto completo  Resumo

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95. Marchionatti A, Parisi MM. Anemia and thrombocytopenia in people living with HIV/AIDS: a narrative literature review. Int Health. 2021 Feb 24;13(2):98-109.Texto completo  Resumo

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104. Grobler L, Siegfried N, Visser ME, et al. Nutritional interventions for reducing morbidity and mortality in people with HIV. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Feb 28;(2):CD004536.Texto completo  Resumo

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106. Visser ME, Durao S, Sinclair D, et al. Micronutrient supplementation in adults with HIV infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 May 18;(5):CD003650.Texto completo  Resumo

107. Teixeira NDSCCA, Pereira BM, Oliveira IKF, et al. Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on HIV-infected adults: a systematic review. Nutr Hosp. 2019 Oct 17;36(5):1205-12.Texto completo  Resumo

108. Muzembo BA, Ngatu NR, Januka K, et al. Selenium supplementation in HIV-infected individuals: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2019 Dec;34:1-7.Texto completo  Resumo

109. Morvaridzadeh M, Sepidarkish M, Yavari M, et al. The effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on inflammatory factors in HIV-infected patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Cytokine. 2020 Dec;136:155298.Texto completo  Resumo

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115. Cahn P, Madero JS, Arribas J, et al. Non-inferior efficacy of dolutegravir (DTG) plus lamivudine (3TC) versus DTG plus tenofovir/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) fixed-dose combination in antiretroviral treatment-naive adults with HIV-1 infection - 48-week results from the GEMINI studies. Paper presented at: 22nd International AIDS Conference (AIDS 2018). 2018. Amsterdam, Netherlands.Texto completo

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118. Wang H, Lu X, Yang X, et al. The efficacy and safety of tenofovir alafenamide versus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in antiretroviral regimens for HIV-1 therapy: meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 Oct;95(41):e5146.Texto completo  Resumo

119. Tao X, Lu Y, Zhou Y, et al. Efficacy and safety of the regimens containing tenofovir alafenamide versus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in fixed-dose single-tablet regimens for initial treatment of HIV-1 infection: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Infect Dis. 2020 Apr;93:108-17.Texto completo  Resumo

120. World Health Organization. Guidelines on the public health response to pretreatment HIV drug resistance. Jul 2017 [internet publication].Texto completo

121. Lederman MM, Calabrese L, Funderburg NT, et al. Immunologic failure despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy is related to activation and turnover of memory CD4 cells. J Infect Dis. 2011 Oct 15;204(8):1217-26.Texto completo  Resumo

122. El Bouzidi K, Jose S, Phillips AN, et al. First-line HIV treatment outcomes following the introduction of integrase inhibitors in UK guidelines. AIDS. 2020 Oct 1;34(12):1823-31.Texto completo  Resumo

123. Lindegren ML, Kennedy CE, Bain-Brickley D, et al. Integration of HIV/AIDS services with maternal, neonatal and child health, nutrition, and family planning services. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Sep 12;(9):CD010119.Texto completo  Resumo

124. Islam FM, Wu J, Jansson J, et al. Relative risk of cardiovascular disease among people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis. HIV Med. 2012 Sep;13(8):453-68. Resumo

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