Abstinência alcoólica

Referências

Principais artigos

Bayard M, McIntyre J, Hill KR, et al. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Am Fam Physician. 2004 Mar 15;69(6):1443-50.Texto completo  Resumo

American Society of Addiction Medicine. The ASAM clinical practice guideline on alcohol withdrawal management. J Addict Med. 2020 May/Jun;14(3s suppl 1):1-72.Texto completo  Resumo

Bråthen G, Ben-Menachem E, Brodtkorb E, et al. Chapter 29: alcohol-related seizures. EFNS guidelines of alcohol-related seizures. In: Gilhus NE, Barnes MP, Brainin M, eds. European handbook of neurological management. 2nd ed, v1. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing; 2011:429-36.

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed. Text revision. (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2022.

Artigos de referência

1. Bayard M, McIntyre J, Hill KR, et al. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Am Fam Physician. 2004 Mar 15;69(6):1443-50.Texto completo  Resumo

2. Parker AJ, Marshall EJ, Ball DM. Diagnosis and management of alcohol use disorders. BMJ. 2008 Mar 1;336(7642):496-501.Texto completo  Resumo

3. Stewart S, Swain S, NICE; Royal College of Physicians, London. Assessment and management of alcohol dependence and withdrawal in the acute hospital: concise guidance. Clin Med (Lond). 2012 Jun;12(3):266-71.Texto completo  Resumo

4. Hall W, Zador D. The alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Lancet. 1997 Jun 28;349(9069):1897-900. Resumo

5. American Society of Addiction Medicine. The ASAM clinical practice guideline on alcohol withdrawal management. J Addict Med. 2020 May/Jun;14(3s suppl 1):1-72.Texto completo  Resumo

6. Tiglao SM, Meisenheimer ES, Oh RC. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome: outpatient management. Am Fam Physician. 2021 Sep 1;104(3):253-62.Texto completo  Resumo

7. Bråthen G, Ben-Menachem E, Brodtkorb E, et al. Chapter 29: alcohol-related seizures. EFNS guidelines of alcohol-related seizures. In: Gilhus NE, Barnes MP, Brainin M, eds. European handbook of neurological management. 2nd ed, v1. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing; 2011:429-36.

8. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Alcohol-use disorders: diagnosis and clinical management of alcohol-related physical complications. Apr 2017 [internet publication].Texto completo

9. Reus VI, Fochtmann LJ, Bukstein O, et al. The American Psychiatric Association practice guideline for the pharmacological treatment of patients with alcohol use disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2018 Jan 1;175(1):86-90. Resumo

10. McMicken DB, Finnell JT. Alcohol related disease. In: Rosen's emergency medicine: concepts and clinical practice. 6th ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby, Inc; 2006:184.

11. Schuckit MA. Recognition and management of withdrawal delirium (delirium tremens). N Engl J Med. 2014 Nov 27;371(22):2109-13. Resumo

12. Day E, Copello A, Hull M. Assessment and management of alcohol use disorders. BMJ. 2015 Feb 19;350:h715. Resumo

13. World Health Organization. Global status report on alcohol and health 2018. Sep 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo

14. US Department of Health and Human Services: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Reports and detailed tables from the 2020 National survey on drug use and health (NSDUH). Oct 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

15. Schmidt KJ, Doshi MR, Holzhausen JM, et al. Treatment of severe alcohol withdrawal. Ann Pharmacother. 2016 May;50(5):389-401. Resumo

16. Foy A, Kay J. The incidence of alcohol-related problems and the risk of alcohol withdrawal in a general hospital population. Drug Alcohol Rev. 1995;14(1):49-54. Resumo

17. Foy A. Alcohol problems in a general hospital. Addict Biol. 1999;4(1):23-34. Resumo

18. Dixit D, Endicott J, Burry L, et al. Management of acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome in critically ill patients. Pharmacotherapy. 2016 Jul;36(7):797-822. Resumo

19. Uusaro A, Parviainen I, Tenhunen JJ, et al. The proportion of intensive care unit admissions related to alcohol use: a prospective cohort study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2005 Oct;49(9):1236-40. Resumo

20. Ungur LA, Neuner B, John S, et al. Prevention and therapy of alcohol withdrawal on intensive care units: systematic review of controlled trials. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2013 Apr;37(4):675-86. Resumo

21. Lukan JK, Reed DN Jr, Looney SW, et al. Risk factors for delirium tremens in trauma patients. J Trauma. 2002 Nov;53(5):901-6. Resumo

22. Jawa RS, Stothert JC, Shostrom VK, et al. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome in admitted trauma patients. Am J Surg. 2014 Nov;208(5):781-7. Resumo

23. Salottolo K, McGuire E, Mains CW, et al. Occurrence, predictors, and prognosis of alcohol withdrawal syndrome and delirium tremens following traumatic injury. Crit Care Med. 2017 May;45(5):867-74. Resumo

24. Gold JA, Nelson LS. Chapter 81: ethanol withdrawal. In: Hoffman RS, Howland MA, Lewin NA, et al, eds. Goldfrank’s toxicologic emergencies, 10th edition. Columbus, OH: McGraw Hill Professional; 2015:1108-13.

25. Stehman CR, Mycyk MB. A rational approach to the treatment of alcohol withdrawal in the ED. Am J Emerg Med. 2013 Apr;31(4):734-42. Resumo

26. Sarff M, Gold JA. Alcohol withdrawal syndromes in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 2010 Sep;38(9 Suppl):S494-501. Resumo

27. Isbell H, Fraser HF, Wikler A, et al. An experimental study of the etiology of rum fits and delirium tremens. Q J Stud Alcohol. 1955 Mar;16(1):1-33. Resumo

28. Linnoila M, Mefford I, Nutt D, et al. RNIH conference. Alcohol withdrawal and noradrenergic function. Ann Intern Med. 1987 Dec;107(6):875-89. Resumo

29. Brousse G, Arnaud B, Vorspan F, et al. Alteration of glutamate/GABA balance during acute alcohol withdrawal in emergency department: a prospective analysis. Alcohol Alcohol. 2012 Sep-Oct;47(5):501-8.Texto completo  Resumo

30. Roberto M, Varodayan FP. Synaptic targets: chronic alcohol actions. Neuropharmacology. 2017 Aug 1;122:85-99.Texto completo  Resumo

31. Littleton J. Neurochemical mechanisms underlying alcohol withdrawal. Alcohol Health Res World. 1998;22(1):13-24. Resumo

32. Lovinger DM, Roberto M. Synaptic effects induced by alcohol. Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2013;13:31-86.Texto completo  Resumo

33. Melendez RI, Hicks MP, Cagle SS, et al. Ethanol exposure decreases glutamate uptake in the nucleus accumbens. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2005 Mar;29(3):326-33. Resumo

34. Dahchour A, De Witte P. Effect of repeated ethanol withdrawal on glutamate microdialysate in the hippocampus. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1999 Oct;23(10):1698-703. Resumo

35. Kelm MK, Criswell HE, Breese GR. Ethanol-enhanced GABA release: a focus on G protein-coupled receptors. Brain Res Rev. 2011 Jan 1;65(2):113-23.Texto completo  Resumo

36. Kelm MK, Criswell HE, Breese GR. The role of protein kinase A in the ethanol-induced increase in spontaneous GABA release onto cerebellar Purkinje neurons. J Neurophysiol. 2008 Dec;100(6):3417-28.Texto completo  Resumo

37. Becker HC. Kindling in alcohol withdrawal. Alcohol Health Res World. 1998;22(1):25-33. Resumo

38. Ballenger JC, Post RM. Kindling as a model for alcohol withdrawal syndromes. Br J Psychiatry. 1978 Jul;133:1-14. Resumo

39. Brown ME, Anton RF, Malcolm R, et al. Alcohol detoxification and withdrawal seizures: clinical support for a kindling hypothesis. Biol Psychiatry. 1988 Mar 1;23(5):507-14. Resumo

40. Booth BM, Blow FC. The kindling hypothesis: further evidence from a U.S. national study of alcoholic men. Alcohol Alcohol. 1993 Sep;28(5):593-8. Resumo

41. McCown TJ, Breese GR. Multiple withdrawals from chronic ethanol "kindles" inferior collicular seizure activity: evidence for kindling of seizures associated with alcoholism. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1990 Jun;14(3):394-9. Resumo

42. Goodson CM, Clark BJ, Douglas IS. Predictors of severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2014 Oct;38(10):2664-77. Resumo

43. Crabb DW, Im GY, Szabo G, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of alcohol-associated liver diseases: 2019 practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2020 Jan;71(1):306-33.Texto completo  Resumo

44. Willenbring ML, Massey SH, Gardner MB. Helping patients who drink too much: an evidence-based guide for primary care clinicians. Am Fam Physician. 2009 Jul 1;80(1):44-50.Texto completo  Resumo

45. Raistrick D, Bradshaw J, Tober G, et al. Development of the Leeds Dependence Questionnaire (LDQ): a questionnaire to measure alcohol and opiate dependence in the context of a treatment evaluation package. Addiction. 1994 May;89(5):563-72. Resumo

46. Stockwell T, Hodgson R, Edwards G, et al. The development of a questionnaire to measure severity of alcohol dependence. Br J Addict Alcohol Other Drugs. 1979 Mar;74(1):79-87. Resumo

47. Bråthen G, Ben-Menachem E, Brodtkorb E, et al. EFNS guideline on the diagnosis and management of alcohol-related seizures: report of an EFNS task force. Eur J Neurol. 2005 Aug;12(8):575-81.Texto completo  Resumo

48. US Preventive Services Task Force., Curry SJ, Krist AH, et al. Screening and behavioral counseling interventions to reduce unhealthy alcohol use in adolescents and adults: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2018 Nov 13;320(18):1899-909.Texto completo  Resumo

49. Maldonado JR, Sher Y, Ashouri JF, et al. The "Prediction of Alcohol Withdrawal Severity Scale" (PAWSS): systematic literature review and pilot study of a new scale for the prediction of complicated alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Alcohol. 2014 Jun;48(4):375-90. Resumo

50. Wood E, Albarqouni L, Tkachuk S, et al. Will this hospitalized patient develop severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome?: The rational clinical examination systematic review. JAMA. 2018 Aug 28;320(8):825-33. Resumo

51. O'Connor P. Alcohol abuse and dependence. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D. eds. Cecil textbook of medicine. 22nd ed. St. Louis, MO: W.B. Saunders Company; 2004:17.

52. Kosten TR, O'Connor PG. Management of drug and alcohol withdrawal. N Engl J Med. 2003 May 1;348(18):1786-95. Resumo

53. Rastegar DA, Applewhite D, Alvanzo AAH, et al. Development and implementation of an alcohol withdrawal protocol using a 5-item scale, the Brief Alcohol Withdrawal Scale (BAWS). Subst Abus. 2017 Jul 12;38(4):394-400. Resumo

54. McPherson A, Benson G, Forrest EH. Appraisal of the Glasgow assessment and management of alcohol guideline: a comprehensive alcohol management protocol for use in general hospitals. QJM. 2012 Jul;105(7):649-56. Resumo

55. Pryse-Phillips W, Murray TJ, Boyd J. Toxic damage to the nervous system. In: Noble J, Greene H. eds. Textbook of primary care medicine. 3rd ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby, Inc; 2001:1569.

56. Alcohol withdrawal. In: Moore DP, Jefferson JW, eds. Handbook of medical psychiatry. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier-Mosby; 2004:49.

57. Victor M, Adams RD. The effect of alcohol on the nervous system. Res Publ Assoc Res Nerv Ment Dis. 1953;32:526-73. Resumo

58. Victor M, Brausch C. The role of abstinence in the genesis of alcoholic epilepsy. Epilepsia. 1967 Mar;8(1):1-20. Resumo

59. Chang PH, Steinberg MB. Alcohol withdrawal. Med Clin North Am. 2001 Sep;85(5):1191-212. Resumo

60. Victor M, Hope JM. The phenomenon of auditory hallucinations in chronic alcoholism; a critical evaluation of the status of alcoholic hallucinosis. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1958 May;126(5):451-81. Resumo

61. Delirium tremens. In: Moore DP, Jefferson JW, eds. Handbook of medical psychiatry. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier-Mosby; 2004:50.

62. Niemelä O. Biomarkers in alcoholism. Clin Chim Acta. 2007 Feb;377(1-2):39-49. Resumo

63. Roffman JL, Stern TA. Alcohol withdrawal in the setting of elevated blood alcohol levels. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2006;8(3):170-3.Texto completo  Resumo

64. Schwartz NS, Clutter WE, Shah SD, et al. Glycemic thresholds for activation of glucose counterregulatory systems are higher than the threshold for symptoms. J Clin Invest. 1987 Mar;79(3):777-81.Texto completo  Resumo

65. Hepburn DA, Deary IJ, Frier BM, et al. Symptoms of acute insulin-induced hypoglycemia in humans with and without IDDM. Factor-analysis approach. Diabetes Care. 1991 Nov;14(11):949-57. Resumo

66. Torvik A, Lindboe CF, Rogde S. Brain lesions in alcoholics: a neuropathological study with clinical correlations. J Neurol Sci. 1982 Nov;56(2-3):233-48. Resumo

67. Harper CG, Giles M, Finlay-Jones R. Clinical signs in the Wernicke-Korsakoff complex: a retrospective analysis of 131 cases diagnosed at necropsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1986 Apr;49(4):341-5. Resumo

68. Miller TB, Geraci EB. Head injury in the presence of alcohol intoxication. Int J Trauma Nurs. 1997 Apr-Jun;3(2):50-5. Resumo

69. Chiang C, Wax PM. Withdrawal syndromes. In: Ford MD, ed. Clinical toxicology. 1st ed. St. Louis, MO: W.B. Saunders Company; 2001.

70. Dillman WH. Chapter 239: the thyroid. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, Bennett JC, et al, eds. Cecil textbook of medicine. 22nd ed. St. Louis, MO: W.B. Saunders Company; 2004.

71. World Health Organization. ICD-11: International classification of diseases 11th Revision [internet publication].Texto completo

72. Conley RR, Kelley DL. Schizophrenia. In: Rakel RE. ed. Conn's current therapy. 58th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2006.

73. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed. Text revision. (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2022.

74. Hasin D, Katz H. Somatoform and substance use disorders. Psychosom Med. 2007 Dec;69(9):870-5. Resumo

75. Lipowski ZJ. Somatization: the experience and communication of psychological distress as somatic symptoms. Psychother Psychosom. 1987;47(3-4):160-7. Resumo

76. Sullivan JT, Sykora K, Schneiderman J, et al. Assessment of alcohol withdrawal: the revised Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol scale (CIWA-Ar). Br J Addict. 1989 Nov;84(11):1353-7. Resumo

77. Rappaport D, Chuu A, Hullett C, et al. Assessment of alcohol withdrawal in Native American patients utilizing the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol Revised Scale. J Addict Med. 2013 May-Jun;7(3):196-9. Resumo

78. Sen S, Grgurich P, Tulolo A, et al. A symptom-triggered benzodiazepine protocol utilizing SAS and CIWA-Ar scoring for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome in the critically ill. Ann Pharmacother. 2017 Feb;51(2):101-10. Resumo

79. Awissi DK, Lebrun G, Coursin DB, et al. Alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens in the critically ill: a systematic review and commentary. Intensive Care Med. 2013 Jan;39(1):16-30. Resumo

80. Maldonado JR, Sher Y, Das S, et al. Prospective validation study of the Prediction of Alcohol Withdrawal Severity Scale (PAWSS) in medically ill inpatients: a new scale for the prediction of complicated alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Alcohol Alcohol. 2015 May 21;50(5):509-18.Texto completo  Resumo

81. Williams N. The FAST questionnaire. Occup Med (Lond). 2014 Oct;64(7):559-60.Texto completo  Resumo

82. Ewing JA. Detecting alcoholism. The CAGE questionnaire. JAMA. 1984 Oct 12;252(14):1905-7. Resumo

83. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome: how to predict, prevent, diagnose and treat it. Prescrire Int. 2007 Feb;16(87):24-31. Resumo

84. Stephens JR, Liles EA, Dancel R, et al. Who needs inpatient detox? Development and implementation of a hospitalist protocol for the evaluation of patients for alcohol detoxification. J Gen Intern Med. 2014 Apr;29(4):587-93. Resumo

85. Martin K, Katz A. The role of barbiturates for alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Psychosomatics. 2016 Jul-Aug;57(4):341-7. Resumo

86. Brotherton AL, Hamilton EP, Kloss HG, et al. Propofol for treatment of refractory alcohol withdrawal syndrome: a review of the literature. Pharmacotherapy. 2016 Apr;36(4):433-42. Resumo

87. Hack JB, Hoffmann RS, Nelson LS. Resistant alcohol withdrawal: does an unexpectedly large sedative requirement identify these patients early? J Med Toxicol. 2006 Jun;2(2):55-60. Resumo

88. Kattimani S, Bharadwaj B. Clinical management of alcohol withdrawal: a systematic review. Ind Psychiatry J. 2013 Jul;22(2):100-8.Texto completo  Resumo

89. Long D, Long B, Koyfman A. The emergency medicine management of severe alcohol withdrawal. Am J Emerg Med. 2017 Jul;35(7):1005-11. Resumo

90. Ebell MH. Benzodiazepines for alcohol withdrawal. Am Fam Physician. 2006 Apr 1;73(7):1191. Resumo

91. Amato L, Minozzi S, Davoli M. Efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Jun 15;(6):CD008537.Texto completo  Resumo

92. Amato L, Minozzi S, Vecchi S, et al. Benzodiazepines for alcohol withdrawal. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Mar 17;(3):CD005063.Texto completo  Resumo

93. Scheuermeyer FX, Miles I, Lane DJ, et al. Lorazepam versus diazepam in the management of emergency department patients with alcohol withdrawal. Ann Emerg Med. 2020 Dec;76(6):774-81. Resumo

94. Wang SH, Chen WS, Tang SE, et al. Benzodiazepines associated with acute respiratory failure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Front Pharmacol. 2019 Jan 7;9:1513.Texto completo  Resumo

95. Skinner RT. Symptom-triggered vs. fixed-dosing management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Medsurg Nurs. 2014 Sep-Oct;23(5):307-15, 329. Resumo

96. Hammond DA, Rowe JM, Wong A, et al. Patient outcomes associated with phenobarbital use with or without benzodiazepines for alcohol withdrawal syndrome: a systematic review. Hosp Pharm. 2017 Jul 17;52(9):607-16.Texto completo  Resumo

97. Gold JA, Rimal B, Nolan A, et al. A strategy of escalating doses of benzodiazepines and phenobarbital administration reduces the need for mechanical ventilation in delirium tremens. Crit Care Med. 2007 Mar;35(3):724-30.Texto completo  Resumo

98. Rosenson J, Clements C, Simon B, et al. Phenobarbital for acute alcohol withdrawal: a prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. J Emerg Med. 2013 Mar;44(3):592-8.e2. Resumo

99. Sullivan SM, Dewey BN, Jarrell DH, et al. Comparison of phenobarbital-adjunct versus benzodiazepine-only approach for alcohol withdrawal syndrome in the emergency department. Am J Emerg Med. 2018 Oct 11;S0735-6757(18)30821-0. Resumo

100. Gaertner J, Fusi-Schmidhauser T. Dexmedetomidine: a magic bullet on its way into palliative care-a narrative review and practice recommendations. Ann Palliat Med. 2022 Apr;11(4):1491-504.Texto completo  Resumo

101. Mueller SW, Preslaski CR, Kiser TH, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled dose range study of dexmedetomidine as adjunctive therapy for alcohol withdrawal. Crit Care Med. 2014 May;42(5):1131-9. Resumo

102. Woods AD, Giometti R, Weeks SM. The use of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to benzodiazepine-based therapy to decrease the severity of delirium in alcohol withdrawal in adult intensive care unit patients: a systematic review. JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep. 2015 Jan;13(1):224-52. Resumo

103. Shehabi Y, Serpa Neto A, Howe BD, et al. Early sedation with dexmedetomidine in ventilated critically ill patients and heterogeneity of treatment effect in the SPICE III randomised controlled trial. Intensive Care Med. 2021 Apr;47(4):455-66.Texto completo  Resumo

104. Sohraby R, Attridge RL, Hughes DW. Use of propofol-containing versus benzodiazepine regimens for alcohol withdrawal requiring mechanical ventilation. Ann Pharmacother. 2014 Apr;48(4):456-61. Resumo

105. Wong A, Benedict NJ, Lohr BR, et al. Management of benzodiazepine-resistant alcohol withdrawal across a healthcare system: benzodiazepine dose-escalation with or without propofol. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2015 Sep 1;154:296-9. Resumo

106. Prince V, Turpin KR. Treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome with carbamazepine, gabapentin, and nitrous oxide. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2008 Jun 1;65(11):1039-47. Resumo

107. Andaluz A, DeMoss D, Claassen C, et al. Fixed-dose gabapentin augmentation in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome: a retrospective, open-label study. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2020;46(1):49-57. Resumo

108. Anton RF, Latham P, Voronin K, et al. Efficacy of gabapentin for the treatment of alcohol use disorder in patients with alcohol withdrawal symptoms: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2020 May 1;180(5):728-36.Texto completo  Resumo

109. Levine AR, Carrasquillo L, Mueller J, et al. High-dose gabapentin for the treatment of severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome: a retrospective cohort analysis. Pharmacotherapy. 2019 Sep;39(9):881-8. Resumo

110. Myrick H, Malcolm R, Randall PK, et al. A double-blind trial of gabapentin versus lorazepam in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2009 Sep;33(9):1582-8. Resumo

111. Barrons R, Roberts N. The role of carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine in alcohol withdrawal syndrome. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2010 Apr;35(2):153-67.Texto completo  Resumo

112. Liu J, Wang LN. Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Nov 6;2019(11):CD008502.Texto completo  Resumo

113. Alcoholism and alcohol abuse (alcohol dependence, DSM-1V 303.90; alcohol abuse, DSM-1V 305.00). In: Moore DP, Jefferson JW, eds. Handbook of medical psychiatry. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier-Mosby; 2004.

114. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Dietary guidelines for alcohol. Apr 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

O uso deste conteúdo está sujeito ao nosso aviso legal