Convulsões generalizadas em adultos

Referências

Principais artigos

Fisher RS, Cross JH, French JA, et al. Operational classification of seizure types by the International League Against Epilepsy: position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology. Epilepsia. 2017 Apr;58(4):522-30.Texto completo  Resumo

Scheffer IE, Berkovic S, Capovilla G, et al. ILAE classification of the epilepsies: position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology. Epilepsia. 2017 Apr;58(4):512-21.Texto completo  Resumo

Bernasconi A, Cendes F, Theodore WH, et al. Recommendations for the use of structural magnetic resonance imaging in the care of patients with epilepsy: a consensus report from the International League Against Epilepsy Neuroimaging Task Force. Epilepsia. 2019 Jun;60(6):1054-68. Resumo

Guery D, Rheims S. Clinical management of drug resistant epilepsy: a review on current strategies. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2021;17:2229-42.Texto completo  Resumo

Krumholz A, Wiebe S, Gronseth GS, et al. Evidence-based guideline: management of an unprovoked first seizure in adults. Neurology. 2015 Apr 21;84(16):1705-13.Texto completo  Resumo

Campos MSA, Ayres LR, Morelo MRS, et al. Comparative efficacy of antiepileptic drugs for patients with generalized epileptic seizures: systematic review and network meta-analyses. Int J Clin Pharm. 2018 Jun;40(3):589-98. Resumo

Artigos de referência

1. Fisher RS, Cross JH, French JA, et al. Operational classification of seizure types by the International League Against Epilepsy: position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology. Epilepsia. 2017 Apr;58(4):522-30.Texto completo  Resumo

2. Scheffer IE, Berkovic S, Capovilla G, et al. ILAE classification of the epilepsies: position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology. Epilepsia. 2017 Apr;58(4):512-21.Texto completo  Resumo

3. Wirrell EC, Nabbout R, Scheffer IE, et al. Methodology for classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes with list of syndromes: report of the ILAE Task Force on nosology and definitions. Epilepsia. 2022 Jun;63(6):1333-48.Texto completo  Resumo

4. Hirsch E, French J, Scheffer IE, et al. ILAE definition of the idiopathic generalized epilepsy syndromes: position statement by the ILAE Task Force on nosology and definitions. Epilepsia. 2022 Jun;63(6):1475-99.Texto completo  Resumo

5. Riney K, Bogacz A, Somerville E, et al. International League Against Epilepsy classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes with onset at a variable age: position statement by the ILAE Task Force on nosology and definitions. Epilepsia. 2022 Jun;63(6):1443-74.Texto completo  Resumo

6. GBD 2016 Epilepsy Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of epilepsy, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol. 2019 Apr;18(4):357-75.Texto completo  Resumo

7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Epilepsy data and statistics​. Mar 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

8. Fiest KM, Sauro KM, Wiebe S, et al. Prevalence and incidence of epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of international studies. Neurology. 2017 Jan 17;88(3):296-303. Resumo

9. Sen A, Jette N, Husain M, et al. Epilepsy in older people. Lancet. 2020 Feb 29;395(10225):735-48. Resumo

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11. World Health Organization. Epilepsy. 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

12. Myers CT, Mefford HC. Advancing epilepsy genetics in the genomic era. Genome Med. 2015 Aug 25;7(1):91.Texto completo  Resumo

13. Ellis CA, Petrovski S, Berkovic SF. Epilepsy genetics: clinical impacts and biological insights. Lancet Neurol. 2020 Jan;19(1):93-100. Resumo

14. Prince DA, Connors BW. Mechanisms of interictal epileptogenesis. Adv Neurol. 1986;44:275-99. Resumo

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16. Lindquist BE, Timbie C, Voskobiynyk Y, et al. Thalamocortical circuits in generalized epilepsy: pathophysiologic mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Neurobiol Dis. 2023 Jun 1;181:106094.Texto completo  Resumo

17. Vezzani A, Fujinami RS, White HS, et al. Infections, inflammation and epilepsy. Acta Neuropathol. 2016 Feb;131(2):211-34. Resumo

18. Rao VR, Parko KL. Clinical approach to posttraumatic epilepsy. Semin Neurol. 2015 Feb;35(1):57-63.Texto completo  Resumo

19. Seidel S, Wehner T, Miller D, et al. Brain tumor related epilepsy: pathophysiological approaches and rational management of antiseizure medication. Neurol Res Pract. 2022 Sep 5;4(1):45.Texto completo  Resumo

20. Mamaril-Davis JC, Aguilar-Salinas P, Avila MJ, et al. Complete seizure-free rates following interventional treatment of intracranial arteriovenous malformations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosurg Rev. 2022 Apr;45(2):1313-26. Resumo

21. Robertson J, Hatton C, Emerson E, et al. Prevalence of epilepsy among people with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review. Seizure. 2015 Jul;29:46-62.Texto completo  Resumo

22. Ssentongo P. Prevalence and incidence of new-onset seizures and epilepsy in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): systematic review and meta-analysis. Epilepsy Behav. 2019 Apr;93:49-55. Resumo

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24. Crump C, Sundquist K, Winkleby MA, et al. Preterm birth and risk of epilepsy in Swedish adults. Neurology. 2011 Oct 4;77(14):1376-82. Resumo

25. Li W, Peng A, Deng S, et al. Do premature and postterm birth increase the risk of epilepsy? an updated meta-analysis. Epilepsy Behav. 2019 Aug;97:83-91. Resumo

26. Syndi Seinfeld D, Pellock JM. Recent research on febrile seizures: a review. J Neurol Neurophysiol. 2013 Sep 25;4(165):19519.Texto completo  Resumo

27. Nelson KB, Ellenberg JH. Predictors of epilepsy in children who have experienced febrile seizures. N Engl J Med. 1976 Nov 4;295(19):1029-33. Resumo

28. Al-Aqeel S, Gershuni O, Al-Sabhan J, et al. Strategies for improving adherence to antiepileptic drug treatment in people with epilepsy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Oct 22;10(10):CD008312.Texto completo  Resumo

29. Leibetseder A, Eisermann M, LaFrance WC Jr, et al. How to distinguish seizures from non-epileptic manifestations. Epileptic Disord. 2020 Dec 1;22(6):716-38.Texto completo  Resumo

30. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Transient loss of consciousness ('blackouts') in over 16s. Sep 2014 [internet publication].Texto completo

31. Tatum WO, Hirsch LJ, Gelfand MA, et al. Assessment of the predictive value of outpatient smartphone videos for diagnosis of epileptic seizures. JAMA Neurol. 2020 May 1;77(5):593-600.Texto completo  Resumo

32. Lavi R, Yarnitsky D, Rowe JM, et al. Standard vs atraumatic Whitacre needle for diagnostic lumbar puncture: a randomized trial. Neurology. 2006 Oct 24;67(8):1492-4. Resumo

33. Arendt K, Demaerschalk BM, Wingerchuk DM, Camann W. Atraumatic lumbar puncture needles: after all these years, are we still missing the point? Neurologist. 2009 Jan;15(1):17-20. Resumo

34. Nath S, Koziarz A, Badhiwala JH, et al. Atraumatic versus conventional lumbar puncture needles: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2018 Mar 24;391(10126):1197-204. Resumo

35. Rochwerg B, Almenawer SA, Siemieniuk RAC, et al. Atraumatic (pencil-point) versus conventional needles for lumbar puncture: a clinical practice guideline. BMJ. 2018 May 22;361:k1920.Texto completo  Resumo

36. Ahmed SV, Jayawarna C, Jude E. Post lumbar puncture headache: diagnosis and management. Postgrad Med J. 2006 Nov;82(973):713-6.Texto completo  Resumo

37. Arevalo-Rodriguez I, Ciapponi A, Roqué i Figuls M, et al. Posture and fluids for preventing post-dural puncture headache. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Mar 7;(3):CD009199.Texto completo  Resumo

38. Brigo F, Igwe SC, Erro R, et al. Postictal serum creatine kinase for the differential diagnosis of epileptic seizures and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: a systematic review. J Neurol. 2015 Feb;262(2):251-7. Resumo

39. Sundararajan T, Tesar GE, Jimenez XF. Biomarkers in the diagnosis and study of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: a systematic review. Seizure. 2016 Feb;35:11-22.Texto completo  Resumo

40. Koutroumanidis M, Arzimanoglou A, Caraballo R, et al. The role of EEG in the diagnosis and classification of the epilepsy syndromes: a tool for clinical practice by the ILAE Neurophysiology Task Force (Part 1). Epileptic Disord. 2017 Sep 1;19(3):233-98. Resumo

41. Tatum WO, Rubboli G, Kaplan PW, et al. Clinical utility of EEG in diagnosing and monitoring epilepsy in adults. Clin Neurophysiol. 2018 May;129(5):1056-82.Texto completo  Resumo

42. Tatum WO, Mani J, Jin K, et al. Minimum standards for inpatient long-term video-EEG monitoring: a clinical practice guideline of the international league against epilepsy and international federation of clinical neurophysiology. Clin Neurophysiol. 2022 Feb;134:111-28.Texto completo  Resumo

43. Kinney MO, Kovac S, Diehl B. Structured testing during seizures: a practical guide for assessing and interpreting ictal and postictal signs during video EEG long term monitoring. Seizure. 2019 Nov;72:13-22.Texto completo  Resumo

44. Expert Panel on Neurological Imaging, Lee RK, Burns J, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® seizures and epilepsy. J Am Coll Radiol. 2020 May;17(5s):S293-304.Texto completo  Resumo

45. Bernasconi A, Cendes F, Theodore WH, et al. Recommendations for the use of structural magnetic resonance imaging in the care of patients with epilepsy: a consensus report from the International League Against Epilepsy Neuroimaging Task Force. Epilepsia. 2019 Jun;60(6):1054-68. Resumo

46. Wang I, Bernasconi A, Bernhardt B, et al. MRI essentials in epileptology: a review from the ILAE Imaging Taskforce. Epileptic Disord. 2020 Aug 1;22(4):421-37.Texto completo  Resumo

47. Szaflarski JP, Gloss D, Binder JR, et al. Practice guideline summary: use of fMRI in the presurgical evaluation of patients with epilepsy: report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2017 Jan 24;88(4):395-402.Texto completo  Resumo

48. Simundic AM, Bölenius K, Cadamuro J, et al. Joint EFLM-COLABIOCLI recommendation for venous blood sampling. Clin Chem Lab Med 2018;56(12):2015-38. Resumo

49. Stone J, Burton C, Carson A. Recognising and explaining functional neurological disorder. BMJ. 2020 Oct 21;371:m3745. Resumo

50. Brown RJ, Reuber M. Psychological and psychiatric aspects of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES): a systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2016 Apr;45:157-82. Resumo

51. Baslet G, Bajestan SN, Aybek S, et al. Evidence-based practice for the clinical assessment of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: a report from the American Neuropsychiatric Association Committee on research. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2021 Winter;33(1):27-42.Texto completo  Resumo

52. Neufeld MY, Treves TA, Chistik V, et al. Sequential serum creatine kinase determination differentiates vaso-vagal syncope from generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Acta Neurol Scand. 1997 Mar;95(3):137-9. Resumo

53. Fisher RS, Acevedo C, Arzimanoglou A, et al. ILAE official report: a practical clinical definition of epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2014 Apr;55(4):475-82.Texto completo  Resumo

54. Patel AD, Baca C, Franklin G, et al. Quality improvement in neurology: Epilepsy Quality Measurement Set 2017 update. Neurology. 2018 Oct 30;91(18):829-36.Texto completo  Resumo

55. Guery D, Rheims S. Clinical management of drug resistant epilepsy: a review on current strategies. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2021;17:2229-42.Texto completo  Resumo

56. Gidal B, Klein P, Hirsch LJ. Seizure clusters, rescue treatments, seizure action plans: unmet needs and emerging formulations. Epilepsy Behav. 2020 Nov;112:107391.Texto completo  Resumo

57. Mesraoua B, Abou-Khalil B, Hosni Khodair R, et al. Seizure clusters. J Drug Assess. 2021;10(1):86-90.Texto completo  Resumo

58. Chung S, Szaflarski JP, Choi EJ, et al. A systematic review of seizure clusters: prevalence, risk factors, burden of disease and treatment patterns. Epilepsy Res. 2021 Nov;177:106748. Resumo

59. Jafarpour S, Hirsch LJ, Gaínza-Lein M, et al. Seizure cluster: definition, prevalence, consequences, and management. Seizure. 2019 May;68:9-15.Texto completo  Resumo

60. Samanta D. Rescue therapies for seizure emergencies: current and future landscape. Neurol Sci. 2021 Oct;42(10):4017-27. Resumo

61. Kanner AM, Bicchi MM. Antiseizure medications for adults with epilepsy: a review. JAMA. 2022 Apr 5;327(13):1269-81. Resumo

62. Krumholz A, Wiebe S, Gronseth GS, et al. Evidence-based guideline: management of an unprovoked first seizure in adults. Neurology. 2015 Apr 21;84(16):1705-13.Texto completo  Resumo

63. Bao EL, Chao LY, Ni P, et al. Antiepileptic drug treatment after an unprovoked first seizure: a decision analysis. Neurology. 2018 Oct 9;91(15):e1429-39. Resumo

64. Neligan A, Adan G, Nevitt SJ, et al. Prognosis of adults and children following a first unprovoked seizure. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Jan 23;1(1):CD013847. Resumo

65. Leone MA, Giussani G, Nevitt SJ, et al. Immediate antiepileptic drug treatment, versus placebo, deferred, or no treatment for first unprovoked seizure. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 May 4;5(5):CD007144.Texto completo  Resumo

66. Shorvon SD, Bermejo PE, Gibbs AA, et al. Antiepileptic drug treatment of generalized tonic-clonic seizures: An evaluation of regulatory data and five criteria for drug selection. Epilepsy Behav. 2018 May;82:91-103. Resumo

67. Asadi-Pooya AA, Beniczky S, Rubboli G, et al. A pragmatic algorithm to select appropriate antiseizure medications in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2020 Aug;61(8):1668-77. Resumo

68. Kwan P, Brodie MJ. Early identification of refractory epilepsy. N Engl J Med. 2000 Feb 3;342(5):314-9.Texto completo  Resumo

69. Shih JJ, Ochoa JG. A systematic review of antiepileptic drug initiation and withdrawal. Neurologist. 2009 May;15(3):122-31. Resumo

70. Brodie MJ, Kwan P. Staged approach to epilepsy management. Neurology. 2002 Apr 23;58(8 suppl 5):S2-8. Resumo

71. Chen Z, Brodie MJ, Liew D, et al. Treatment outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy treated with established and new antiepileptic drugs: a 30-year longitudinal cohort study. JAMA Neurol. 2018 Mar 1;75(3):279-86.Texto completo  Resumo

72. Palleria C, Cozza G, Khengar R, et al. Safety profile of the newest antiepileptic drugs: a curated literature review. Curr Pharm Des. 2017;23(37):5606-24. Resumo

73. Perucca E, Brodie MJ, Kwan P, et al. 30 years of second-generation antiseizure medications: impact and future perspectives. Lancet Neurol. 2020 Jun;19(6):544-56. Resumo

74. Stephen LJ, Harden C, Tomson T, et al. Management of epilepsy in women. Lancet Neurol. 2019 May;18(5):481-91. Resumo

75. Johansen-Bibby A. Prescribing for pregnancy: epilepsy. Drug Ther Bull. 2020 Jul;58(7):103-6. Resumo

76. Tomson T, Battino D, Bromley R, et al. Management of epilepsy in pregnancy: a report from the International League Against Epilepsy Task force on women and pregnancy. Epileptic Disord. 2019 Dec 1;21(6):497-517. Resumo

77. Mazzone PP, Hogg KM, Weir CJ, et al. Comparison of perinatal outcomes for women with and without epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol. 2023 May 1;80(5):484-94. Resumo

78. Bromley R, Adab N, Bluett-Duncan M, et al. Monotherapy treatment of epilepsy in pregnancy: congenital malformation outcomes in the child. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Aug 29;8(8):CD010224.Texto completo  Resumo

79. Harden CL, Hopp J, Ting TY, et al. Practice parameter update: management issues for women with epilepsy--focus on pregnancy (an evidence-based review): obstetrical complications and change in seizure frequency. Neurology. 2009 Jul 14;73(2):126-32.Texto completo  Resumo

80. Harden CL, Meador KJ, Pennell PB, et al. Practice parameter update: management issues for women with epilepsy - focus on pregnancy (an evidence-based review): teratogenesis and perinatal outcomes. Neurology. 2009 Jul 14;73(2):133-41.Texto completo  Resumo

81. Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. Antiepileptic drugs in pregnancy: updated advice following comprehensive safety review. Jan 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

82. Gynecologic management of adolescents and young women with seizure disorders: ACOG committee opinion, number 806. Obstet Gynecol. 2020 May;135(5):e213-20.Texto completo  Resumo

83. European Medicines Agency. New measures to avoid valproate exposure in pregnancy endorsed. Mar 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo

84. Dreier JW, Bjørk MH, Alvestad S, et al. Prenatal exposure to antiseizure medication and incidence of childhood- and adolescence-onset psychiatric disorders. JAMA Neurol. 2023 Jun 1;80(6):568-77. Resumo

85. Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. Pregabalin (Lyrica): findings of safety study on risks during pregnancy. 19 April 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

86. Bjørk MH, Zoega H, Leinonen MK, et al. Association of prenatal exposure to antiseizure medication with risk of autism and intellectual disability. JAMA Neurol. 2022 Jul 1;79(7):672-81.Texto completo  Resumo

87. Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. Topiramate (Topamax): start of safety review triggered by a study reporting an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disabilities in children with prenatal exposure. Jul 2022 [internet publication]Texto completo

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89. Athar F, Ehsan M, Farooq M, et al. Adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes following in-utero exposure to oxcarbazepine: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2022 Aug;88(8):3600-9.Texto completo  Resumo

90. Harden CL, Pennell PB, Koppel BS, et al. Practice parameter update: management issues for women with epilepsy--focus on pregnancy (an evidence-based review): vitamin K, folic acid, blood levels, and breastfeeding. Neurology. 2009 Jul 14;73(2):142-9.Texto completo  Resumo

91. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Epilepsy in pregnancy (green-top guideline no. 68). Jun 2016 [internet publication].​Texto completo

92. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Epilepsies in children, young people and adults. Apr 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

93. Vegrim HM, Dreier JW, Alvestad S, et al. Cancer risk in children of mothers with epilepsy and high-dose folic acid use during pregnancy. JAMA Neurol. 2022 Nov 1;79(11):1130-8.Texto completo  Resumo

94. Pennell PB, Karanam A, Meador KJ, et al. Antiseizure medication concentrations during pregnancy: results From the Maternal Outcomes and Neurodevelopmental Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs (MONEAD) study. JAMA Neurol. 2022 Apr 1;79(4):370-9.Texto completo  Resumo

95. Campos MSA, Ayres LR, Morelo MRS, et al. Comparative efficacy of antiepileptic drugs for patients with generalized epileptic seizures: systematic review and network meta-analyses. Int J Clin Pharm. 2018 Jun;40(3):589-98. Resumo

96. Nevitt SJ, Sudell M, Cividini S, et al. Antiepileptic drug monotherapy for epilepsy: a network meta‐analysis of individual participant data. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Apr 1;4(4):CD011412.Texto completo  Resumo

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98. Nevitt SJ, Marson AG, Weston J, et al. Sodium valproate versus phenytoin monotherapy for epilepsy: an individual participant data review. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Aug 9;(8):CD001769.Texto completo  Resumo

99. Marson A, Burnside G, Appleton R, et al. The SANAD II study of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of valproate versus levetiracetam for newly diagnosed generalised and unclassifiable epilepsy: an open-label, non-inferiority, multicentre, phase 4, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2021 Apr 10;397(10282):1375-86.Texto completo  Resumo

100. Kanner AM, Ashman E, Gloss D, et al. Practice guideline update summary: efficacy and tolerability of the new antiepileptic drugs I: treatment of new-onset epilepsy. Epilepsy Curr. 2018 Jul-Aug;18(4):260-8.Texto completo  Resumo

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102. Nevitt SJ, Tudur Smith C, Weston J, et al. Lamotrigine versus carbamazepine monotherapy for epilepsy: an individual participant data review. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Jun 28;(6):CD001031.Texto completo  Resumo

103. Nevitt SJ, Tudur Smith C, Marson AG. Oxcarbazepine versus phenytoin monotherapy for epilepsy: an individual participant data review. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Oct 23;(10):CD003615.Texto completo  Resumo

104. Hoy SM. Lacosamide: a review in focal-onset seizures in patients with epilepsy. CNS Drugs. 2018 May;32(5):473-84. Resumo

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107. Zhou Q, Zheng J, Yu L, et al. Pregabalin monotherapy for epilepsy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Oct 17;(10):CD009429. Resumo

108. Nevitt SJ, Marson AG, Tudur Smith C. Carbamazepine versus phenytoin monotherapy for epilepsy: an individual participant data review. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Jul 18;7(7):CD001911.Texto completo  Resumo

109. Marson AG, Al-Kharusi AM, Alwaidh M, et al. The SANAD study of effectiveness of carbamazepine, gabapentin, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, or topiramate for treatment of partial epilepsy: an unblinded randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 2007 Mar 24;369(9566):1000-15.Texto completo  Resumo

110. Brodie MJ, Perucca E, Ryvlin P, et al. Comparison of levetiracetam and controlled-release carbamazepine in newly diagnosed epilepsy. Neurology. 2007 Feb 6;68(6):402-8. Resumo

111. Baulac M, Brodie MJ, Patten A, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of zonisamide versus controlled-release carbamazepine for newly diagnosed partial epilepsy: a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, non-inferiority trial. Lancet Neurol. 2012 Jul;11(7):579-88. Resumo

112. Baulac M, Patten A, Giorgi L. Long-term safety and efficacy of zonisamide versus carbamazepine monotherapy for treatment of partial seizures in adults with newly diagnosed epilepsy: results of a phase III, randomized, double-blind study. Epilepsia. 2014 Oct;55(10):1534-43.Texto completo  Resumo

113. Willems LM, Zöllner JP, Paule E, et al. Eslicarbazepine acetate in epilepsies with focal and secondary generalised seizures: systematic review of current evidence. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2018 Mar;11(3):309-24. Resumo

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115. Rankin A, Cadogan CA, Patterson SM, et al. Interventions to improve the appropriate use of polypharmacy for older people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Sep 3;(9):CD008165.Texto completo  Resumo

116. Bergey GK. Initial treatment of epilepsy: special issues in treating the elderly. Neurology. 2004 Nov 23;63(10 suppl 4):S40-8. Resumo

117. Jankovic SM, Dostic M. Choice of antiepileptic drugs for the elderly: possible drug interactions and adverse effects. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2012 Jan;8(1):81-91. Resumo

118. Smith CT, Marson AG, Chadwick DW, et al. Multiple treatment comparisons in epilepsy monotherapy trials. Trials. 2007 Nov 5;8:34.Texto completo  Resumo

119. Marson AG, Appleton R, Baker GA, et al. A randomised controlled trial examining the longer-term outcomes of standard versus new antiepileptic drugs. The SANAD trial. Health Technol Assess. 2007 Oct;11(37):iii-iv;ix-x;1-134. Resumo

120. Bergey GK. Evidence-based treatment of idiopathic generalized epilepsies with new antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsia. 2005;46(suppl 9):161-8.Texto completo  Resumo

121. Kanner AM, Ashman E, Gloss D, et al. Practice guideline update summary: efficacy and tolerability of the new antiepileptic drugs II: treatment-resistant epilepsy: report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Epilepsy Society. Neurology. 2018 Jul 10;91(2):82-90.Texto completo  Resumo

122. Potschka H, Trinka E. Perampanel: does it have broad-spectrum potential? Epilepsia. 2019 Mar;60(suppl 1):22-36.Texto completo  Resumo

123. Tyrlikova I, Brazdil M, Rektor I, et al. Perampanel as monotherapy and adjunctive therapy for focal onset seizures, focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures and as adjunctive therapy of generalized onset tonic-clonic seizures. Expert Rev Neurother. 2019 Jan;19(1):5-16. Resumo

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