Fraturas cranianas

Expert Panel on Neurological Imaging: Shih RY, Burns J, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® head trauma: 2021 update. J Am Coll Radiol. 2021 May;18(5S):S13-36.Texto completo  Resumo

1. Pretto Flores L, De Almeida CS, Casulari LA. Positive predictive values of selected clinical signs associated with skull base fractures. J Neurosurg Sci. 2000 Jun;44(2):77-82. Resumo

2. Servadei F, Ciucci G, Pagano F, et al. Skull fracture as a risk factor of intracranial complications in minor head injuries: a prospective CT study in a series of 98 adult patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1988 Apr;51(4):526-8. Resumo

3. GBD 2019 Fracture Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of bone fractures in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Healthy Longev. 2021 Sep;2(9):e580-92.Texto completo  Resumo

4. Besenski N. Traumatic injuries: imaging of head injuries. Eur Radiol. 2002 Jun;12(6):1237-52. Resumo

5. Ersahin Y, Mutluer S, Mirzai H, et al. Pediatric depressed skull fractures: analysis of 530 cases. Childs Nerv Syst. 1996 Jun;12(6):323-31. Resumo

6. Mithani SK, St-Hilaire H, Brooke BS, et al. Predictable patterns of intracranial and cervical spine injury in craniomaxillofacial trauma: analysis of 4786 patients. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009 Apr;123(4):1293-301. Resumo

7. Smits M, Dippel DW, de Haan GG, et al. Minor head injury: guidelines for the use of CT - a multicenter validation study. Radiology. 2007 Dec;245(3):831-8. Resumo

8. Galarneau MR, Woodruff SI, Dye JL, et al. Traumatic brain injury during Operation Iraqi Freedom: findings from the United States Navy-Marine Corps Combat Trauma Registry. J Neurosurg. 2008 May;108(5):950-7. Resumo

9. Shane SA, Fuchs SM. Skull fractures in infants and predictors of associated intracranial injury. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1997 Jun;13(3):198-203. Resumo

10. Macpherson BC, MacPherson P, Jennett B. CT evidence of intracranial contusion and haematoma in relation to the presence, site and type of skull fracture. Clin Radiol. 1990 Nov;42(5):321-6. Resumo

11. Al-Haddad SA, Kirollos R. A 5-year study of the outcome of surgically treated depressed skull fractures. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2002 May;84(3):196-200.Texto completo  Resumo

12. Hymel KP, Armijo-Garcia V, Foster R, et al. Validation of a clinical prediction rule for pediatric abusive head trauma. Pediatrics. 2014 Dec;134(6):e1537-44. Resumo

13. Cowley LE, Morris CB, Maguire SA, et al. Validation of a prediction tool for abusive head trauma. Pediatrics. 2015 Aug;136(2):290-8. Resumo

14. Jandial R, Reichwage B, Levy M, et al. Ballistics for the neurosurgeon. Neurosurgery. 2008 Feb;62(2):472-80. Resumo

15. McIntosh AS, McCrory P, Finch CF, et al. Does padded headgear prevent head injury in rugby union football? Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009 Feb;41(2):306-13. Resumo

16. McIntosh AS, McCrory P. Preventing head and neck injury. Br J Sports Med. 2005 Jun;39(6):314-8. Resumo

17. Macnab AJ, Smith T, Gagnon FA, et al. Effect of helmet wear on the incidence of head/face and cervical spine injuries in young skiers and snowboarders. Inj Prev. 2002 Dec;8(4):324-7.Texto completo  Resumo

18. Rughani AI, Lin CT, Ares WJ, et al. Helmet use and reduction in skull fractures in skiers and snowboarders admitted to the hospital. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2011 Mar;7(3):268-71. Resumo

19. Bergenstal J, Davisk SM, Sikor R, et al. Pediatric bicycle injury prevention and the effect of helmet use: the West Virginia experience. W V Med J. 2012 May-Jun;108(3):78-81. Resumo

20. Miller M, Davidov D, Tillotson R, et al. Injury prevention and recreational all-terrain vehicle use: the impact of helmet use in West Virginia. W V Med J. 2012;108:96-101. Resumo

21. American College of Surgeons. Statement on bicycle safety and the promotion of bicycle helmet use. Mar 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

22. Bowman SM, Aitken ME, Helmkamp JC, et al. Impact of helmets on injuries to riders of all-terrain vehicles. Inj Prev. 2009 Feb;15(1):3-7. Resumo

23. Liu B, Ivers R, Norton R, et al. Helmets for preventing injury in motorcycle riders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Jan 23;(1):CD004333. Resumo

24. Thompson DC, Rivara FP, Thompson R. Helmets for preventing head and facial injuries in bicyclists. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 1999;(4):CD001855.Texto completo  Resumo

25. Missliwetz J, Wieser I. Gunshot wounds of the head in soldiers wearing military helmets - general aspects and experiments and observations on the biomechanics and wound morphology [in German]. Z Rechtsmed. 1989;102(1):41-54. Resumo

26. Barlow J, Simkiss D, Stewart Brown S. Interventions to prevent or ameliorate child physical abuse and neglect, findings from a systematic review. J Child Services. 2006;1(3):6-28.

27. Dias MS, Smith K, DeGuehery K, et al. Preventing abusive head trauma among infants and young children: a hospital-based, parent education program. Pediatrics. 2005 Apr;115(4):e470-7. Resumo

28. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Head injury: assessment and early management. May 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

29. Haydel MJ, Preston CA, Mills TJ, et al. Indications for computed tomography in patients with minor head injury. N Engl J Med. 2000 Jul 13;343(2):100-5.Texto completo  Resumo

30. Stiell IG, Wells GA, Vandemheen K, et al. The Canadian CT head rule for patients with minor head injury. Lancet. 2001;357(9266):1391-6. Resumo

31. Gravel J, Gouin S, Chalut D, et al. Derivation and validation of a clinical decision rule to identify young children with skull fracture following isolated head trauma. CMAJ. 2015 Nov 3;187(16):1202-8.Texto completo  Resumo

32. Maguire S, Hunter B, Hunter L, et al. Diagnosing abuse: a systematic review of torn frenum and other intra-oral injuries. Arch Dis Child. 2007 Dec;92(12):1113-7. Resumo

33. Dula D, Fales W. The "ring sign:" is it a reliable indicator for cerebral spinal fluid? Ann Emerg Med. 1993 Apr;22(4):718-20. Resumo

34. Teasdale G, Jennett B. Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness: a practical scale. Lancet. 1974 Jul 13;2(7872):81-4. Resumo

35. Roguski M, Morel B, Sweeney M, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging as an alternative to computed tomography in select patients with traumatic brain injury: a retrospective comparison. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2015 May;15(5):529-34. Resumo

36. Mulroy MH, Loyd AM, Frush DP, et al. Evaluation of pediatric skull fracture imaging techniques. Forensic Sci Int. 2012 Jun 10;214(1-3):167-72. Resumo

37. Expert Panel on Neurological Imaging: Shih RY, Burns J, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® head trauma: 2021 update. J Am Coll Radiol. 2021 May;18(5S):S13-36.Texto completo  Resumo

38. Orman G, Wagner MW, Seeburg D, et al. Pediatric skull fracture diagnosis: should 3D CT reconstructions be added as routine imaging? J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2015 Oct;16(4):426-31. Resumo

39. Provenzale J. CT and MR imaging of acute cranial trauma. Emerg Radiol. 2007 Apr;14(1):1-12. Resumo

40. Ringl H, Schernthaner R, Philipp MO, et al. Three-dimensional fracture visualisation of multidetector CT of the skull base in trauma patients: comparison of three reconstruction algorithms. Eur Radiol. 2009 Oct;19(10):2416-24. Resumo

41. Ringl H, Schernthaner RE, Schueller G, et al. The skull unfolded: a cranial CT visualization algorithm for fast and easy detection of skull fractures. Radiology. 2010 May;255(2):553-62. Resumo

42. Bruce DA. Imaging after head trauma: why, when and which. Childs Nerv Syst. 2000 Nov;16(10-11):755-9. Resumo

43. Dempewolf R, Gubbels S, Hansen MR. Acute radiographic workup of blunt temporal bone trauma: maxillofacial versus temporal bone CT. Laryngoscope. 2009 Mar;119(3):442-8. Resumo

44. Zhao X, Rizzo A, Malek B, et al. Basilar skull fracture: a risk factor for transverse/sigmoid venous sinus obstruction. J Neurotrauma. 2008 Feb;25(2):104-11. Resumo

45. Donovan DJ. Simple depressed skull fracture causing sagittal sinus stenosis and increased intracranial pressure: case report and review of the literature. Surg Neurol. 2005 Feb;63(2):380-3. Resumo

46. Kim PD, Jennings JS, Fisher M, et al. Risk of cervical spine injury and other complications seen with skull fractures in the setting of mild closed head injury in young children: a retrospective study. Pediatr Neurosurg. 2008;44(2):124-7. Resumo

47. Oller DW, Meredith JW, Rutledge R, et al. The relationship between face or skull fractures and cervical spine and spinal cord injuries: a review of 13,834 patients. Acid Anal Prev. 1992 Apr;24(2):1887-92. Resumo

48. Parri N, Crosby BJ, Glass C, et al. Ability of emergency ultrasonography to detect pediatric skull fractures: a prospective, observational study. J Emerg Med. 2013 Apr;44(2):135-41.Texto completo  Resumo

49. Rabiner JE, Friedman LM, Khine H, et al. Accuracy of point-of-care ultrasound for diagnosis of skull fractures in children. Pediatrics. 2013 Jun;131(6):e1757-64. Resumo

50. Masaeli M, Chahardoli M, Azizi S, et al. Point of care ultrasound in detection of brain hemorrhage and skull fracture following pediatric head trauma; a diagnostic accuracy study. Arch Acad Emerg Med. 2019;7(1):e53.Texto completo  Resumo

51. Expert Panel on Pediatric Imaging: Wootton-Gorges SL, Soares BP, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® suspected physical abuse-child. J Am Coll Radiol. 2017 May;14(5s):S338-49.Texto completo  Resumo

52. American College of Radiology. ACR–SPR practice parameter for the performance and interpretation of skeletal surveys in children. 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

53. Section on Radiology, American Academy of Pediatrics. Diagnostic imaging of child abuse. Pediatrics. 2009 May;123(5):1430-5.Texto completo  Resumo

54. Bokhari R, You E, Bakhaidar M, et al. Dural venous sinus thrombosis in patients presenting with blunt traumatic brain injuries and skull fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World Neurosurg. 2020 Oct;142:495-505.e3. Resumo

55. Abuabara A. Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea: diagnosis and management. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2007 Sep 1;12(5):E397-400.Texto completo  Resumo

56. Zaman S, Logan PH, Landes C, et al. Soft-tissue evidence of head injury in infants and young children: is CT head examination justified? Clin Radiol. 2017 Apr;72(4):316-22. Resumo

57. Hendrickson S, Murahari S, Scotter J, et al. Venous sinus injuries are common with occipital skull fractures. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2014 Jul 7;22(suppl 1):O8.Texto completo

58. Lyons TW, Stack AM, Monuteaux MC, et al. A QI initiative to reduce hospitalization for children with isolated skull fractures. Pediatrics. 2016 May 11;137(6):e20153370.Texto completo  Resumo

59. Bonfield CM, Naran S, Adetayo OA, et al. Pediatric skull fractures: the need for surgical intervention, characteristics, complications, and outcomes. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2014 Aug;14(2):205-11. Resumo

60. Demetriades D, Charalambides D, Lakhoo M, et al. Role of prophylactic antibiotics in open and basilar fractures of the skull: a randomized study. Injury. 1992;23(6):377-80. Resumo

61. Ratilal BO, Costa J, Pappamikail L, et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing meningitis in patients with basilar skull fractures. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Apr 28;(4):CD004884.Texto completo  Resumo

62. Rehman L, Ghani E, Hussain A, et al. Infection in compound depressed fracture of the skull. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2007 Mar;17(3):140-3. Resumo

63. Nellis JC, Kesser BW, Park SS. What is the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics in basilar skull fractures? Laryngoscope. 2014 Jan;124(1):8-9.Texto completo  Resumo

64. Tunkel AR, Hasbun R, Bhimraj A, et al. 2017 Infectious Diseases Society of America's clinical practice guidelines for healthcare-associated ventriculitis and meningitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2017 Mar 15;64(6):e34-65.Texto completo  Resumo

65. Venetz I, Schopfer K, Mühlemann K. Paediatric, invasive pneumococcal disease in Switzerland, 1985-1994. Swiss Pneumococcal Study Group. Int J Epidemiol. 1998 Dec;27(6):1101-4.Texto completo  Resumo

66. Kaptigau WM, Ke L, Rosenfeld JV. Open depressed and penetrating skull fractures in Port Moresby General Hospital from 2003 to 2005. P N G Med J. 2007 Mar-Jun;50(1-2):58-63. Resumo

67. Heary RF, Hunt CD, Krieger AJ, et al. Nonsurgical treatment of compound depressed skull fractures. J Trauma. 1993 Sep;35(3):441-7. Resumo

68. Marbacher S, Andres RH, Fathi AR, et al. Primary reconstruction of open depressed skull fractures with titanium mesh. J Craniofac Surg. 2008 Mar;19(2):490-5. Resumo

69. Bullock MR, Chesnut R, Ghajar J, et al; Surgical Management of Traumatic Brain Injury Author Group. Surgical management of depressed cranial fractures. Neurosurgery. 2006 Mar;58(3 suppl):S56-60. Resumo

70. Wylen EL, Willis BK, Nanda A. Infection rate with replacement of bone fragment in compound depressed skull fractures. Surg Neurol. 1999 Apr;51(4):452-7. Resumo

71. Yetiser S, Hidir Y, Gonul E. Facial nerve problems and hearing loss in patients with temporal bone fractures: demographic data. J Trauma. 2008 Dec;65(6):1314-20. Resumo

72. Dalgic A, Okay HO, Gezici AR, et al. An effective and less invasive treatment of post-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid fistula: closed lumbar drainage system. Minim Invasive Neurosurg. 2008 Jun;51(3):154-7. Resumo

73. Nash JJ, Friedland DR, Boorsma KJ, et al. Management and outcomes of facial paralysis from intratemporal blunt trauma: a systematic review. Laryngoscope. 2010 Jul;120(7):1397-404. Resumo

74. Sherif C, Di leva A, Gibson D, et al. A management algorithm for cerebrospinal fluid leak associated with anterior skull base fractures: detailed clinical and radiological follow-up. Neurosurg Rev. 2012 Apr;35(2):227-37;discussion 237-8. Resumo

75. Phang SY, Whitehouse K, Lee L, et al. Management of CSF leak in base of skull fractures in adults. Br J Neurosurg. 2016 Dec;30(6):596-604. Resumo

76. Yilmazlar S, Arslan E, Kocaeli H, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid leakage complicating skull base fractures: analysis of 81 cases. Neurosurg Rev. 2006 Jan;29(1):64-71. Resumo

77. Liesemer K, Bratton SL, Zebrack CM, et al. Early post-traumatic seizures in moderate to severe pediatric traumatic brain injury: rates, risk factors, and clinical features. J Neurotrauma. 2011 May;28(5):755-62. Resumo

78. Beghi E. Overview of studies to prevent posttraumatic epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2003;44(s10):21-6.Texto completo  Resumo

79. Temkin NR. Preventing and treating posttraumatic seizures: the human experience. Epilepsia. 2009 Feb;50(suppl 2):10-3.Texto completo  Resumo

80. Chang BS, Lowenstein DH; Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Practice parameter: antiepileptic drug prophylaxis in severe traumatic brain injury: report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2003 Jan 14;60(1):10-6.Texto completo  Resumo

81. CRASH-3 trial collaborators. Effects of tranexamic acid on death, disability, vascular occlusive events and other morbidities in patients with acute traumatic brain injury (CRASH-3): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2019 Nov 9;394(10210):1713-23.Texto completo  Resumo

82. Rowell SE, Meier EN, McKnight B, et al. Effect of out-of-hospital tranexamic acid vs placebo on 6-month functional neurologic outcomes in patients with moderate or severe traumatic brain injury. JAMA. 2020 Sep 8;324(10):961-74.Texto completo  Resumo

83. Umana GE, Pucci R, Palmisciano P, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid leaks after anterior skull base trauma: a systematic review of the literature. World Neurosurg. 2022 Jan;157:193-206.e2. Resumo

84. Sonig A, Thakur JD, Chittiboina P, et al. Is posttraumatic cerebrospinal fluid fistula a predictor of posttraumatic meningitis? A US nationwide inpatient sample database study. Neurosurg Focus. 2012 Jun;32(6):E4.Texto completo  Resumo

85. de Gans J, van de Beek D, European Dexamethasone in Adulthood Bacterial Meningitis Study Investigators. Dexamethasone in adults with bacterial meningitis. N Engl J Med. 2002 Nov 14;347(20):1549-56. Resumo

86. Coello AF, Canals AG, Gonzalez JM, et al. Cranial nerve injury after minor head trauma. J Neurosurg. 2010 Sep;113(3):547-55. Resumo

87. Dunklebarger J, Branstetter B 4th, Lincoln A, et al. Pediatric temporal bone fractures: current trends and comparison of classification schemes. Laryngoscope. 2014 Mar;124(3):781-4. Resumo

88. Montava M, Mancini J, Masson C, et al. Temporal bone fractures: sequelae and their impact on quality of life. Am J Otolaryngol. 2015 May-Jun;36(3):364-70. Resumo

89. Liang W, Xiaofeng Y, Weiguo L, et al. Traumatic carotid cavernous fistula accompanying basilar skull fracture: a study on the incidence of traumatic carotid cavernous fistula in the patients with basilar skull fracture and the prognostic analysis about traumatic carotid cavernous fistula. J Trauma. 2007 Nov;63(5):1014-20; discussion 1020. Resumo

90. Ellis JA, Goldstein H, Connolly ES Jr, et al. Carotid-cavernous fistulas. Neurosurg Focus. 2012 May;32(5):E9.Texto completo  Resumo

91. Lopez Gomez P, Mato Mañas D, Torres Diez E, et al. Post-traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula. Pract Neurol. 2021 Jun;21(3):259-60. Resumo

92. Henderson AD, Miller NR. Carotid-cavernous fistula: current concepts in aetiology, investigation, and management. Eye (Lond). 2018 Feb;32(2):164-72.Texto completo  Resumo

93. Living Concussion Guidelines: Guideline for concussion & prolonged symptoms for adults 18 years of age or older. 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

94. Sivori LA 2nd, de Leeuw R, Morgan I, et al. Complications of frontal sinus fractures with emphasis on chronic craniofacial pain and its treatment: a review of 43 cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010 Sep;68(9):2041-6. Resumo