Osteomielite

Woods CR, Bradley JS, Chatterjee A, et al. Clinical practice guideline by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America: 2021 guideline on diagnosis and management of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in pediatrics. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2021 Sep 23;10(8):801-44.Texto completo  Resumo

Berbari EF, Kanj SS, Kowalski TJ, et al. 2015 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of native vertebral osteomyelitis in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2015 Sep 15;61(6):e26-46.Texto completo  Resumo

Lipsky BA, Senneville É, Abbas ZG, et al; International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF). Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of foot infection in persons with diabetes (IWGDF 2019 update). Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2020 Mar;36 Suppl 1:e3280.Texto completo  Resumo

American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: suspected osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, or soft tissue infection (excluding spine and diabetic foot)​. 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

Cierny G 3rd, Mader JT, Penninck JJ. A clinical staging system for adult osteomyelitis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2003;414:7-24. Resumo

1. Glaudemans AWJM, Jutte PC, Cataldo MA, et al. Consensus document for the diagnosis of peripheral bone infection in adults: a joint paper by the EANM, EBJIS, and ESR (with ESCMID endorsement). Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2019 Apr;46(4):957-70.Texto completo  Resumo

2. Cierny G 3rd, Mader JT, Penninck JJ. A clinical staging system for adult osteomyelitis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2003 Sep;(414):7-24. Resumo

3. Waldvogel FA, Medoff G, Swartz MN. Osteomyelitis: a review of clinical features, therapeutic considerations and unusual aspects. N Engl J Med. 1970 Jan 22;282(4):198-206. Resumo

4. Woods CR, Bradley JS, Chatterjee A, et al. Clinical practice guideline by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America: 2021 guideline on diagnosis and management of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in pediatrics. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2021 Sep 23;10(8):801-44.Texto completo  Resumo

5. Conterno LO, Turchi MD. Antibiotics for treating chronic osteomyelitis in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Sep 6;(9):CD004439.Texto completo  Resumo

6. Jutte P, Lazzeri E, Sconfienza LM, et al. Diagnostic flowcharts in osteomyelitis, spondylodiscitis and prosthetic joint infection. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2014 Mar;58(1):2-19. Resumo

7. Kremers HM, Nwojo ME, Ransom JE, et al. Trends in the epidemiology of osteomyelitis: a population-based study, 1969 to 2009. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2015 May 20;97(10):837-45.Texto completo  Resumo

8. Issa K, Diebo BG, Faloon M, et al. The epidemiology of vertebral osteomyelitis in the United States from 1998 to 2013. Clin Spine Surg. 2018 Mar;31(2):E102-8. Resumo

9. Beronius M, Bergman B, Andersson R. Vertebral osteomyelitis in Goteborg, Sweden: a retrospective study of patients during 1990-95. Scand J Infect Dis. 2001;33(7):527-32. Resumo

10. Broner FA, Garland DE, Zigler JE. Spinal infections in the immunocompromised host. Orthop Clin North Am. 1996 Jan;27(1):37-46. Resumo

11. Saavedra-Lozano J, Falup-Pecurariu O, Faust SN, et al. Bone and joint infections. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2017 Aug;36(8):788-99.Texto completo  Resumo

12. Berbari EF, Kanj SS, Kowalski TJ, et al. 2015 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of native vertebral osteomyelitis in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2015 Sep 15;61(6):e26-46.Texto completo  Resumo

13. Samara E, Spyropoulou V, Tabard-Fougère A, et al. Kingella kingae and osteoarticular infections. Pediatrics. 2019 Dec;144(6):e20191509.Texto completo  Resumo

14. Le Saux N. Diagnosis and management of acute osteoarticular infections in children. Paediatr Child Health. 2018 Aug;23(5):336-43.Texto completo  Resumo

15. Stewart PS, Costerton JW. Antibiotic resistance of bacteria in biofilms. Lancet. 2001 Jul 14;358(9276):135-8. Resumo

16. Gristina AG, Costerton JW. Bacterial adherence and the glycocalyx and their role in musculoskeletal infection. Orthop Clin North Am. 1984 Jul;15(3):517-35. Resumo

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18. Costerton JW, Stewart PS, Greenberg EP. Bacterial biofilms: a common cause of persistent infections. Science. 1999 May 21;284(5418):1318-22. Resumo

19. Costerton JW, Lewandowski Z, Caldwell DE, et al. Microbial biofilms. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1995 Oct;49:711-45. Resumo

20. Trampuz A, Zimmerli W. Antimicrobial agents in orthopaedic surgery: prophylaxis and treatment. Drugs. 2006;66(8):1089-105. Resumo

21. Brady RA, Leid JG, Calhoun JH, et al. Osteomyelitis and the role of biofilms in chronic infection. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2008 Jan;52(1):13-22. Resumo

22. Tröbs R, Möritz R, Bühligen U, et al. Changing pattern of osteomyelitis in infants and children. Pediatr Surg Int. 1999 Jul;15(5-6):363-72. Resumo

23. Khatod M, Botte MJ, Hoyt DB, et al. Outcomes in open tibia fractures: relationship between delay in treatment and infection. J Trauma. 2003 Nov;55(5):949-54. Resumo

24. Patzakis MJ, Wilkins J. Factors influencing infection rate in open fracture wounds. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1989 Jun;(243):36-40. Resumo

25. Metsemakers WJ, Kuehl R, Moriarty TF, et al. Infection after fracture fixation: current surgical and microbiological concepts. Injury. 2018 Mar;49(3):511-22. Resumo

26. Hull PD, Johnson SC, Stephen DJ, et al. Delayed debridement of severe open fractures is associated with a higher rate of deep infection. Bone Joint J. 2014 Mar;96-B(3):379-84.Texto completo  Resumo

27. Tsukayama DT. Pathophysiology of posttraumatic osteomyelitis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1999 Mar;(360):22-9.Texto completo  Resumo

28. Wallace WC, Cinat M, Gornick WB, et al. Nosocomial infections in the surgical intensive care unit: a difference between trauma and surgical patients. Am Surg. 1999 Oct;65(10):987-90. Resumo

29. Ottino G, De Paulis R, Pansini S, et al. Major sternal wound infection after open-heart surgery: a multivariate analysis of risk factors in 2579 consecutive operative procedures. Ann Thorac Surg. 1987 Aug;44(2):173-9. Resumo

30. Sharkawy AA. Cervicofacial actinomycosis and mandibular osteomyelitis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2007 Jun;21(2):543-56. Resumo

31. Gordon RJ, Lowy FD. Bacterial infections in drug users. N Engl J Med. 2005 Nov 3;353(18):1945-54. Resumo

32. Ross JJ, Hu LT. Septic arthritis of the pubic symphysis: review of 100 cases. Medicine (Baltimore). 2003 Sep;82(5):340-5.Texto completo  Resumo

33. Lavery LA, Armstrong DG, Wunderlich RP, et al. Risk factors for foot infections in individuals with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2006 Jun;29(6):1288-93.Texto completo  Resumo

34. Walker EA, Beaman FD, Wessell DE, et al; Expert Panel on Musculoskeletal Imaging. ACR appropriateness criteria® suspected osteomyelitis of the foot in patients with diabetes mellitus. J Am Coll Radiol. 2019 Nov;16(11s):S440-50.Texto completo  Resumo

35. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Diabetic foot problems: prevention and management. Oct 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

36. Lipsky BA, Senneville É, Abbas ZG, et al; International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF). Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of foot infection in persons with diabetes (IWGDF 2019 update). Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2020 Mar;36 Suppl 1:e3280.Texto completo  Resumo

37. Aguilar C, Vichinsky E, Neumayr L. Bone and joint disease in sickle cell disease. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2005 Oct;19(5):929-41, viii. Resumo

38. Bahebeck J, Atangana R, Techa A, et al. Relative rates and features of musculoskeletal complications in adult sicklers. Acta Orthop Belg. 2004 Apr;70(2):107-11. Resumo

39. Neonato MG, Guilloud-Bataille M, Beauvais P, et al. Acute clinical events in 299 homozygous sickle cell patients living in France. French Study Group on Sickle Cell Disease. Eur J Haematol. 2000 Sep;65(3):155-64. Resumo

40. Al Farii H, Zhou S, Albers A. Management of osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease: review article. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 2020 Sep;4(9):e20.00002-10.Texto completo  Resumo

41. Lipsky BA, Berendt AR, Cornia PB, et al. 2012 Infectious Diseases Society of America clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Jun;54(12):e132-73.Texto completo  Resumo

42. Calhoun JH, Cantrell J, Cobos J, et al. Treatment of diabetic foot infections: Wagner classification, therapy, and outcome. Foot Ankle. 1988 Dec;9(3):101-6. Resumo

43. Wong-Chung JK, Naseeb SA, Kaneker SG, et al. Anterior disc protrusion as a cause for abdominal symptoms in childhood discitis. A case report. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1999 May 1;24(9):918-20. Resumo

44. Lam K, van Asten SA, Nguyen T, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of probe to bone to detect osteomyelitis in the diabetic foot: a systematic review. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Oct 1;63(7):944-8.Texto completo  Resumo

45. Lavery LA, Armstrong DG, Peters EJ, et al. Probe-to-bone test for diagnosing diabetic foot osteomyelitis: reliable or relic? Diabetes Care. 2007 Feb;30(2):270-4.Texto completo  Resumo

46. Mader JT, Calhoun JH, Lazzarini L. Adult long bone osteomyelitis. In: Mader JT, Calhoun JH, eds. Musculoskeletal infections. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker; 2003:149-82.

47. Dimaala J, Chaljub G, Oto A, et al. Odontoid osteomyelitis masquerading as a C2 fracture in an 18-month-old male with torticollis: CT and MRI features. Emerg Radiol. 2006 Jul;12(5):234-6. Resumo

48. McKnight P, Friedman J. Torticollis due to cervical epidural abscess and osteomyelitis. Neurology. 1992 Mar;42(3 Pt 1):696-7. Resumo

49. Ursprung WM, Kettner NW, Boesch R. Vertebral osteomyelitis: a case report of a patient presenting with acute low back pain. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2005 Nov-Dec;28(9):713-8. Resumo

50. Buoncristiani AM, McCullen G, Shin AY, et al. An unusual cause of low back pain. Osteomyelitis of the spinous process. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1998 Apr 1;23(7):839-41. Resumo

51. Schulak DJ, Rayhack JM, Lippert FG 3rd, et al. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate in orthopaedic patients. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1982 Jul;(167):197-202. Resumo

52. Carragee EJ, Kim D, van der Vlugt T, et al. The clinical use of erythrocyte sedimentation rate in pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1997 Sep 15;22(18):2089-93. Resumo

53. Perry M. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C reactive protein in the assessment of suspected bone infection - are they reliable indexes? J R Coll Surg Edinb. 1996 Apr;41(2):116-8. Resumo

54. Roine I, Faingezicht I, Arguedas A, et al. Serial serum C-reactive protein to monitor recovery from acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1995 Jan;14(1):40-4. Resumo

55. Unkila-Kallio L, Kallio MJ, Eskola J, et al. Serum C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and white blood cell count in acute hematogenous osteomyelitis of children. Pediatrics. 1994 Jan;93(1):59-62. Resumo

56. Trampuz A, Piper KE, Hanssen AD, et al. Sonication of explanted prosthetic components in bags for diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection is associated with risk of contamination. J Clin Microbiol. 2006 Feb;44(2):628-31.Texto completo  Resumo

57. Zuluaga AF, Galvis W, Saldarriaga JG, et al. Etiologic diagnosis of chronic osteomyelitis: a prospective study. Arch Intern Med. 2006 Jan 9;166(1):95-100.Texto completo  Resumo

58. Calhoun JH, Manring MM. Adult osteomyelitis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2005 Dec;19(4):765-86. Resumo

59. Ericsson HM, Sherris JC. Antibiotic sensitivity testing: Report of an international collaborative study. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand B Microbiol Immunol. 1971;217:(suppl 217):1. Resumo

60. Petitjean G, Fluckiger U, Schären S, et al. Vertebral osteomyelitis caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2004 Nov;10(11):951-3.Texto completo  Resumo

61. Trampuz A, Piper KE, Jacobson MJ, et al. Sonication of removed hip and knee prostheses for diagnosis of infection. N Engl J Med. 2007 Aug 16;357(7):654-63.Texto completo  Resumo

62. Mackowiak PA, Jones SR, Smith JW. Diagnostic value of sinus tract cultures in chronic osteomyelitis. JAMA. 1978 Jun 30;239(26):2772-5. Resumo

63. Newman LG, Waller J, Palestro CJ, et al. Unsuspected osteomyelitis in diabetic foot ulcers. Diagnosis and monitoring by leukocyte scanning with indium in 111 oxyquinoline. JAMA. 1991 Sep 4;266(9):1246-51. Resumo

64. Morgenstern M, Athanasou NA, Ferguson JY, et al. The value of quantitative histology in the diagnosis of fracture-related infection. Bone Joint J. 2018 Jul;100-B(7):966-72. Resumo

65. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: suspected osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, or soft tissue infection (excluding spine and diabetic foot)​. 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

66. Pineda C, Espinosa R, Pena A. Radiographic imaging in osteomyelitis: the role of plain radiography, computed tomography, ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, and scintigraphy. Semin Plast Surg. 2009 May;23(2):80-9.Texto completo  Resumo

67. Pineda C, Vargas A, Rodriguez AV. Imaging of osteomyelitis: current concepts. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2006 Dec;20(4):789-825. Resumo

68. Harmer JL, Pickard J, Stinchcombe SJ. The role of diagnostic imaging in the evaluation of suspected osteomyelitis in the foot: a critical review. Foot (Edinb). 2011 Sep;21(3):149-53. Resumo

69. Jevtic V. Vertebral infection. Eur Radiol. 2004 Mar;14(suppl 3):E43-52. Resumo

70. Theodorou DJ, Theodorou SJ, Kakitsubata Y, et al. Imaging characteristics and epidemiologic features of atypical mycobacterial infections involving the musculoskeletal system. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001 Feb;176(2):341-9.Texto completo  Resumo

71. Flemming D, Murphey M, McCarthy K. Imaging of the foot and ankle: summary and update. Curr Opin Orthop. 2005 Apr;16(2):54-9.Texto completo

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73. Signore A, Sconfienza LM, Borens O, et al. Consensus document for the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infections: a joint paper by the EANM, EBJIS, and ESR (with ESCMID endorsement). Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2019 Apr;46(4):971-88. [Erratum in: Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2019 May;46(5):1203.]Texto completo  Resumo

74. Govaert GA, IJpma FF, McNally M, et al. Accuracy of diagnostic imaging modalities for peripheral post-traumatic osteomyelitis - a systematic review of the recent literature. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2017 Aug;44(8):1393-407.Texto completo  Resumo

75. Lee YJ, Sadigh S, Mankad K, et al. The imaging of osteomyelitis. Quant Imaging Med Surg. 2016 Apr;6(2):184-98.Texto completo  Resumo

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82. Simpfendorfer CS. Radiologic approach to musculoskeletal infections. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2017 Jun;31(2):299-324. Resumo

83. Carragee EJ. Pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1997 Jun;79(6):874-80. Resumo

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95. Spellberg B, Lipsky BA. Systemic antibiotic therapy for chronic osteomyelitis in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Feb 1;54(3):393-407.Texto completo  Resumo

96. Howard-Jones AR, Isaacs D. Systematic review of duration and choice of systemic antibiotic therapy for acute haematogenous bacterial osteomyelitis in children. J Paediatr Child Health. 2013 Sep;49(9):760-8. Resumo

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101. Brown R, Hussain M, McHugh K, et al. Discitis in young children. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2001 Jan;83(1):106-11.Texto completo  Resumo

102. Atkins BL, Athanasou N, Deeks JJ, et al; the OSIRIS Collaborative Study Group. Prospective evaluation of criteria for microbiological diagnosis of prosthetic-joint infection at revision arthroplasty. J Clin Microbiol. 1998 Oct;36(10):2932-9.Texto completo  Resumo

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105. Anthony JP, Mathes SJ, Alpert BS. The muscle flap in the treatment of chronic lower extremity osteomyelitis: results in patients over 5 years after treatment. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1991 Aug;88(2):311-8. Resumo

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115. Fleiter N, Walter G, Bösebeck H, et al. Clinical use and safety of a novel gentamicin-releasing resorbable bone graft substitute in the treatment of osteomyelitis/osteitis. Bone Joint Res. 2014 Jul;3(7):223-9.Texto completo  Resumo

116. McKee MD, Wild LM, Schemitsch EH, et al. The use of an antibiotic-impregnated, osteoconductive, bioabsorbable bone substitute in the treatment of infected long bone defects: early results of a prospective trial. J Orthop Trauma. 2002 Oct;16(9):622-7. Resumo

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119. McKee MD, Li-Bland EA, Wild LM, et al. A prospective, randomized clinical trial comparing an antibiotic-impregnated bioabsorbable bone substitute with standard antibiotic-impregnated cement beads in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis and infected nonunion. J Orthop Trauma. 2010 Aug;24(8):483-90. Resumo

120. Humm G, Noor S, Bridgeman P, et al. Adjuvant treatment of chronic osteomyelitis of the tibia following exogenous trauma using OSTEOSET(®)-T: a review of 21 patients in a regional trauma centre. Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr. 2014 Nov;9(3):157-61.Texto completo  Resumo

121. Ferguson JY, Dudareva M, Riley ND, et al. The use of a biodegradable antibiotic-loaded calcium sulphate carrier containing tobramycin for the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis: a series of 195 cases. Bone Joint J. 2014 Jun;96-B(6):829-36.Texto completo  Resumo

122. Romanò CL, Logoluso N, Meani E, et al. A comparative study of the use of bioactive glass S53P4 and antibiotic-loaded calcium-based bone substitutes in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis: a retrospective comparative study. Bone Joint J. 2014 Jun;96-B(6):845-50. Resumo

123. McNally MA, Ferguson JY, Lau AC, et al. Single-stage treatment of chronic osteomyelitis with a new absorbable, gentamicin-loaded, calcium sulphate/hydroxyapatite biocomposite: a prospective series of 100 cases. Bone Joint J. 2016 Sep;98-B(9):1289-96. Resumo

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