Referências
Principais artigos
Vilstrup H, Amodio P, Bajaj J, et al. Hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease: 2014 practice guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the European Association for the Study of the Liver. Hepatology. 2014 Aug;60(2):715-35.Texto completo Resumo
European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatic encephalopathy. J Hepatol. 2022 Sep;77(3):807-24.Texto completo Resumo
Bajaj JS, O'Leary JG, Lai JC, et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure clinical guidelines. Am J Gastroenterol. 2022 Feb 1;117(2):225-52.Texto completo Resumo
Artigos de referência
1. Vilstrup H, Amodio P, Bajaj J, et al. Hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease: 2014 practice guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the European Association for the Study of the Liver. Hepatology. 2014 Aug;60(2):715-35.Texto completo Resumo
2. European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatic encephalopathy. J Hepatol. 2022 Sep;77(3):807-24.Texto completo Resumo
3. Mandiga P, Foris LA, Bollu PC. Hepatic encephalopathy. StatPearls. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing; 2022.Texto completo Resumo
4. Jepsen P, Ott P, Andersen PK, et al. Clinical course of alcoholic liver cirrhosis: a Danish population-based cohort study. Hepatology. 2010 May;51(5):1675-82.Texto completo Resumo
5. Elsaid MI, Rustgi VK. Epidemiology of hepatic encephalopathy. Clin Liver Dis. 2020 May;24(2):157-74. Resumo
6. Sharma BC, Sharma P, Agrawal A, et al. Secondary prophylaxis of hepatic encephalopathy: an open-label randomized controlled trial of lactulose versus placebo. Gastroenterology. 2009 Sep;137(3):885-91.Texto completo Resumo
7. Tarantino G, Citro V, Esposito P, et al. Blood ammonia levels in liver cirrhosis: a clue for the presence of portosystemic collateral veins. BMC Gastroenterol. 2009 Mar 17;9:21.Texto completo Resumo
8. Haj M, Rockey DC. Ammonia levels do not guide clinical management of patients with hepatic encephalopathy caused by cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2020 May;115(5):723-8. Resumo
9. Gabuzda GJ, Hall PW 3rd. Relation of potassium depletion to renal ammonium metabolism and hepatic coma. Medicine (Baltimore). 1966 Nov;45(6):481-90.Texto completo Resumo
10. James JH, Ziparo V, Jeppsson B, et al. Hyperammonaemia, plasma amino acid imbalance, and blood-brain amino acid transport: a unified theory of portal-systemic encephalopathy. Lancet. 1979 Oct 13;2(8146):772-5. Resumo
11. Wijdicks EF. Hepatic encephalopathy. N Engl J Med. 2016 Oct 27;375(17):1660-70. Resumo
12. Raabe W. Ammonium ions abolish excitatory synaptic transmission between cerebellar neurons in primary dissociated tissue culture. J Neurophysiol. 1992 Jul;68(1):93-9. Resumo
13. Schafer DF, Jones EA. Hepatic encephalopathy and the gamma-aminobutyric-acid neurotransmitter system. Lancet. 1982 Jan 2;1(8262):18-20. Resumo
14. Bajaj JS, Heuman DM, Hylemon PB, et al. Altered profile of human gut microbiome is associated with cirrhosis and its complications. J Hepatol. 2014 May;60(5):940-7.Texto completo Resumo
15. Acharya C, Sahingur SE, Bajaj JS. Microbiota, cirrhosis, and the emerging oral-gut-liver axis. JCI Insight. 2017 Oct 5;2(19).Texto completo Resumo
16. Horowitz ME, Schafer DF, Molnar P, et al. Increased blood-brain transfer in a rabbit model of acute liver failure. Gastroenterology. 1983 May;84(5 Pt 1):1003-11. Resumo
17. Mas A. Hepatic encephalopathy: from pathophysiology to treatment. Digestion. 2006;73 Suppl 1:86-93. Resumo
18. Häussinger D, Schliess F. Pathogenetic mechanisms of hepatic encephalopathy. Gut. 2008 Aug;57(8):1156-65. Resumo
19. Guevara M, Baccaro ME, Torre A, et al. Hyponatremia is a risk factor of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: a prospective study with time-dependent analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009 Jun;104(6):1382-9. Resumo
20. Bajaj JS, O'Leary JG, Lai JC, et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure clinical guidelines. Am J Gastroenterol. 2022 Feb 1;117(2):225-52.Texto completo Resumo
21. Kalaitzakis E, Björnsson E. Renal function and cognitive impairment in patients with liver cirrhosis. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2007 Oct;42(10):1238-44. Resumo
22. Kumar S, Modi R, Bhandari BM, et al. A head CT is unnecessary in the initial evaluation of a cirrhotic patient with recurrent hepatic encephalopathy. Ann Hepatol. 2018 Aug 24;17(5):810-4. Resumo
23. Bajaj JS, Tandon P, O'Leary JG, et al. Admission serum metabolites and thyroxine predict advanced hepatic encephalopathy in a multicenter inpatient cirrhosis cohort. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022 Apr 15 [Epub ahead of print]. Resumo
24. Manzo G, De Gennaro A, Cozzolino A, et al. MR imaging findings in alcoholic and nonalcoholic acute Wernicke's encephalopathy: a review. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:503596.Texto completo Resumo
25. Horst D, Grace ND, Conn HO, et al. Comparison of dietary protein with an oral, branched chain-enriched amino acid supplement in chronic portal-systemic encephalopathy: a randomized controlled trial. Hepatology. 1984 Mar-Apr;4(2):279-87. Resumo
26. Córdoba J, López-Hellín J, Planas M, et al. Normal protein diet for episodic hepatic encephalopathy: results of a randomized study. J Hepatol. 2004 Jul;41(1):38-43. Resumo
27. Gluud LL, Vilstrup H, Morgan MY. Non-absorbable disaccharides versus placebo/no intervention and lactulose versus lactitol for the prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 May 6;(5):CD003044.Texto completo Resumo
28. Patidar KR, Bajaj JS. Antibiotics for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. Metab Brain Dis. 2013 Jun;28(2):307-12.Texto completo Resumo
29. McPherson S, Thompson A; British Society of Gastroenterology. Management of hepatic encephalopathy: beyond the acute episode. Dec 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo
30. Kimer N, Krag A, Møller S, et al. Systematic review with meta-analysis: the effects of rifaximin in hepatic encephalopathy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2014 Jul;40(2):123-32.Texto completo Resumo
31. Wang Z, Chu P, Wang W. Combination of rifaximin and lactulose improves clinical efficacy and mortality in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2019 Dec 17;13:1-11.Texto completo Resumo
32. Leevy CB, Phillips JA. Hospitalizations during the use of rifaximin versus lactulose for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. Dig Dis Sci. 2007 Mar;52(3):737-41. Resumo
33. Goh ET, Stokes CS, Sidhu SS, et al. L-ornithine L-aspartate for prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 May 15;(5):CD012410.Texto completo Resumo
34. Butterworth RF, Kircheis G, Hilger N, et al. Efficacy of l-ornithine l-aspartate for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy and hyperammonemia in cirrhosis: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2018 Sep;8(3):301-13.Texto completo Resumo
35. Zhu GQ, Shi KQ, Huang S, et al. Systematic review with network meta-analysis: the comparative effectiveness and safety of interventions in patients with overt hepatic encephalopathy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015 Apr;41(7):624-35.Texto completo Resumo
36. Gluud LL, Dam G, Les I, et al. Branched-chain amino acids for people with hepatic encephalopathy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 May 18;(5):CD001939.Texto completo Resumo
37. Bass NM, Mullen KD, Sanyal A, et al. Rifaximin treatment in hepatic encephalopathy. N Engl J Med. 2010 Mar 25;362(12):1071-81.Texto completo Resumo
38. Kamath PS, Wiesner RH, Malinchoc M, et al. A model to predict survival in patients with end-stage liver disease. Hepatology. 2001 Feb;33(2):464-70.Texto completo Resumo
39. Biggins SW, Kim WR, Terrault NA, et al. Evidence-based incorporation of serum sodium concentration into MELD. Gastroenterology. 2006 May;130(6):1652-60.Texto completo Resumo
40. Laleman W, Simon-Talero M, Maleux G, et al; EASL-CLIF-Consortium. Embolization of large spontaneous portosystemic shunts for refractory hepatic encephalopathy: a multicenter survey on safety and efficacy. Hepatology. 2013 Jun;57(6):2448-57.Texto completo Resumo
41. Philips CA, Kumar L, Augustine P. Shunt occlusion for portosystemic shunt syndrome related refractory hepatic encephalopathy - a single-center experience in 21 patients from Kerala. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2017 Sep;36(5):411-9. Resumo
42. Shehata HH, Elfert AA, Abdin AA, et al. Randomized controlled trial of polyethylene glycol versus lactulose for the treatment of overt hepatic encephalopathy. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 Dec;30(12):1476-81. Resumo
43. Rahimi RS, Singal AG, Cuthbert JA, et al. Lactulose vs polyethylene glycol 3350-electrolyte solution for treatment of overt hepatic encephalopathy: the HELP randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2014 Nov;174(11):1727-33.Texto completo Resumo
44. Hassanein TI, Tofteng F, Brown RS Jr, et al. Randomized controlled study of extracorporeal albumin dialysis for hepatic encephalopathy in advanced cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2007 Dec;46(6):1853-62.Texto completo Resumo
45. Heemann U, Treichel U, Loock J, et al. Albumin dialysis in cirrhosis with superimposed acute liver injury: a prospective, controlled study. Hepatology. 2002 Oct;36(4 Pt 1):949-58.Texto completo Resumo
46. Dalal R, McGee RG, Riordan SM, et al. Probiotics for people with hepatic encephalopathy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Feb 23;(2):CD008716.Texto completo Resumo
47. Bajaj JS, Kassam Z, Fagan A, et al. Fecal microbiota transplant from a rational stool donor improves hepatic encephalopathy: a randomized clinical trial. Hepatology. 2017 Dec;66(6):1727-38.Texto completo Resumo
48. Bajaj JS, Salzman NH, Acharya C, et al. Fecal microbial transplant capsules are safe in hepatic encephalopathy: a phase 1, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Hepatology. 2019 Nov;70(5):1690-703. Resumo
49. Jalan R, Wright G, Davies NA, et al. L-ornithine phenylacetate (OP): a novel treatment for hyperammonemia and hepatic encephalopathy. Med Hypotheses. 2007;69(5):1064-9. Resumo
50. Ventura-Cots M, Arranz JA, Simón-Talero M, et al. Safety of ornithine phenylacetate in cirrhotic decompensated patients: an open-label, dose-escalating, single-cohort study. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2013 Nov-Dec;47(10):881-7. Resumo
51. Zacharias HD, Zacharias AP, Gluud LL, et al. Pharmacotherapies that specifically target ammonia for the prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in adults with cirrhosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Jun 17;(6):CD012334.Texto completo Resumo
52. Bustamante J, Rimola A, Ventura PJ, et al. Prognostic significance of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 1999 May;30(5):890-5. Resumo
53. Stewart CA, Malinchoc M, Kim WR, et al. Hepatic encephalopathy as a predictor of survival in patients with end-stage liver disease. Liver Transpl. 2007 Oct;13(10):1366-71.Texto completo Resumo
54. Bajaj JS, Schubert CM, Heuman DM, et al. Persistence of cognitive impairment after resolution of overt hepatic encephalopathy. Gastroenterology. 2010 Jun;138(7):2332-40.Texto completo Resumo
55. Bajaj JS, Wade JB, Gibson DP, et al. The multi-dimensional burden of cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy on patients and caregivers. Am J Gastroenterol. 2011 Sep;106(9):1646-53.Texto completo Resumo
56. Bajaj JS, Hafeezullah M, Zadvornova Y, et al. The effect of fatigue on driving skills in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009 Apr;104(4):898-905. Resumo
57. Ezaz G, Murphy SL, Mellinger J, et al. Increased morbidity and mortality associated with falls among patients with cirrhosis. Am J Med. 2018 Jun;131(6):645-50. Resumo
58. Tapper EB, Halbert B, Mellinger J. Rates of and reasons for hospital readmissions in patients with cirrhosis: a multistate population-based cohort study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016 Aug;14(8):1181-8.Texto completo Resumo
59. Joshi D, O'Grady J, Patel A, et al. Cerebral oedema is rare in acute-on-chronic liver failure patients presenting with high-grade hepatic encephalopathy. Liver Int. 2014 Mar;34(3):362-6. Resumo
60. Garrido M, Turco M, Formentin C, et al. An educational tool for the prophylaxis of hepatic encephalopathy. BMJ Open Gastroenterol. 2017;4(1):e000161.Texto completo Resumo
61. Kircheis G, Knoche A, Hilger N, et al. Hepatic encephalopathy and fitness to drive. Gastroenterology. 2009 Nov;137(5):1706-15.e1-9.Texto completo Resumo
62. Volk ML, Tocco RS, Bazick J, et al. Hospital readmissions among patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012 Feb;107(2):247-52.Texto completo Resumo
O uso deste conteúdo está sujeito ao nosso aviso legal