Melanoma

National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: melanoma - cutaneous [internet publication].Texto completo

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Melanoma: assessment and management. Jul 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

Seth R, Agarwala SS, Messersmith H, et al. Systemic therapy for melanoma: ASCO guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2023 Oct 20;41(30):4794-820.Texto completo  Resumo

Vogelbaum MA, Brown PD, Messersmith H, et al. Treatment for brain metastases: ASCO-SNO-ASTRO guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2022 Feb 10;40(5):492-516.Texto completo  Resumo

Michielin O, van Akkooi ACJ, Ascierto PA, et al. Cutaneous melanoma: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2019 Dec 1;30(12):1884-901.Texto completo  Resumo

1. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2020. CA Cancer J Clin. 2020 Jan;70(1):7-30.Texto completo  Resumo

2. World Health Organization. ICD-11 for mortality and morbidity statistics. 2C30 melanoma of skin. 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

3. El Sharouni MA, van Diest PJ, Witkamp AJ, et al. Subtyping cutaneous melanoma matters. JNCI Cancer Spectr. 2020 Dec;4(6):pkaa097.Texto completo  Resumo

4. Cress RD, Holly EA, Ahn DK, et al. Cutaneous melanoma in women: anatomic distribution in relation to sun exposure and phenotype. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1995 Dec;4(8):831-6.Texto completo  Resumo

5. Singh P, Kim HJ, Schwartz RA. Superficial spreading melanoma: an analysis of 97702 cases using the SEER database. Melanoma Res. 2016 Aug;26(4):395-400. Resumo

6. Menzies SW, Moloney FJ, Byth K, et al. Dermoscopic evaluation of nodular melanoma. JAMA Dermatol. 2013 Jun;149(6):699-709.Texto completo  Resumo

7. Shaikh WR, Xiong M, Weinstock MA. The contribution of nodular subtype to melanoma mortality in the United States, 1978 to 2007. Arch Dermatol. 2012 Jan;148(1):30-6.Texto completo  Resumo

8. Bradford PT, Goldstein AM, McMaster ML, et al. Acral lentiginous melanoma: incidence and survival patterns in the United States, 1986-2005. Arch Dermatol. 2009 Apr;145(4):427-34.Texto completo  Resumo

9. National Cancer Institute. SEER. Cancer stat facts: melanoma of the skin [internet publication].Texto completo

10. Cancer Research UK. Melanoma skin cancer incidence statistics [internet publication].Texto completo

11. The Australasian College of Dermatologists. Impact of skin cancer in Australia​. Aug 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

12. World Cancer Research Fund. Skin cancer statistics [internet publication].Texto completo

13. Soura E, Eliades PJ, Shannon K, et al. Hereditary melanoma: update on syndromes and management: genetics of familial atypical multiple mole melanoma syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016 Mar;74(3):395-407; quiz 408-10.Texto completo  Resumo

14. Colantonio S, Bracken MB, Beecker J. The association of indoor tanning and melanoma in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014 May;70(5):847-57. Resumo

15. Khan AQ, Travers JB, Kemp MG. Roles of UVA radiation and DNA damage responses in melanoma pathogenesis. Environ Mol Mutagen. 2018 Jun;59(5):438-60.Texto completo  Resumo

16. Gandini S, Sera F, Cattaruzza MS, et al. Meta-analysis of risk factors for cutaneous melanoma: III. Family history, actinic damage and phenotypic factors. Eur J Cancer. 2005 Sep;41(14):2040-59. Resumo

17. Greene MH, Clark WH Jr, Tucker MA, et al. Acquired precursors of cutaneous malignant melanoma: the familial dysplastic nevus syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1985 Jan 10;312(2):91-7. Resumo

18. Weatherhead SC, Haniffa M, Lawrence CM. Melanomas arising from naevi and de novo melanomas - does origin matter? Br J Dermatol. 2007 Jan;156(1):72-6. Resumo

19. Shitara D, Nascimento MM, Puig S, et al. Nevus-associated melanomas: clinicopathologic features. Am J Clin Pathol. 2014 Oct;142(4):485-91.Texto completo  Resumo

20. Pandeya N, Kvaskoff M, Olsen CM, et al. Factors related to nevus-associated cutaneous melanoma: a case-case study. J Invest Dermatol. 2018 Aug;138(8):1816-24.Texto completo  Resumo

21. Radhi JM. Malignant melanoma arising from nevi, p53, p16, and Bcl-2: expression in benign nevus versus malignant components. J Cutan Med Surg. 1999 Oct;3(6):293-7. Resumo

22. Cancer Genome Atlas Network. Genomic classification of cutaneous melanoma. Cell. 2015 Jun 18;161(7):1681-96.Texto completo  Resumo

23. Lee JH, Choi JW, Kim YS. Frequencies of BRAF and NRAS mutations are different in histological types and sites of origin of cutaneous melanoma: a meta-analysis. Br J Dermatol. 2011 Apr;164(4):776-84. Resumo

24. Long GV, Menzies AM, Nagrial AM, et al. Prognostic and clinicopathologic associations of oncogenic BRAF in metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Apr 1;29(10):1239-46.Texto completo  Resumo

25. Jakob JA, Bassett RL Jr, Ng CS, et al. NRAS mutation status is an independent prognostic factor in metastatic melanoma. Cancer. 2012 Aug 15;118(16):4014-23.Texto completo  Resumo

26. Menzies AM, Haydu LE, Visintin L, et al. Distinguishing clinicopathologic features of patients with V600E and V600K BRAF-mutant metastatic melanoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2012 Jun 15;18(12):3242-9.Texto completo  Resumo

27. Hocker T, Tsao H. Ultraviolet radiation and melanoma: a systematic review and analysis of reported sequence variants. Hum Mutat. 2007 Jun;28(6):578-88. Resumo

28. Bogenrieder T, Herlyn M. The molecular pathology of cutaneous melanoma. Cancer Biomark. 2010;9(1-6):267-86. Resumo

29. High WA, Robinson WA. Genetic mutations involved in melanoma: a summary of our current understanding. Adv Dermatol. 2007;23:61-79. Resumo

30. Alonso SR, Ortiz P, Pollan M, et al. Progression in cutaneous malignant melanoma is associated with distinct expression profiles: a tissue microarray-based study. Am J Pathol. 2004 Jan;164(1):193-203. Resumo

31. English DR, Armstrong BK, Kricker A, et al. Sunlight and cancer. Cancer Causes Control. 1997 May;8(3):271-83. Resumo

32. Dennis LK, Vanbeek MJ, Beane Freeman LE, et al. Sunburns and risk of cutaneous melanoma: does age matter? A comprehensive meta-analysis. Ann Epidemiol. 2008 Aug;18(8):614-27.Texto completo  Resumo

33. Gilchrest BA, Eller MS, Geller AC, et al. The pathogenesis of melanoma induced by ultraviolet radiation. N Engl J Med. 1999 Apr 29;340(17):1341-8. Resumo

34. Elwood JM, Jospson J. Melanoma and sun exposure: an overview of published studies. Int J Cancer. 1997 Oct 9;73(2):198-203. Resumo

35. Hemminki K, Zhang H, Czene K. Familial and attributable risks in cutaneous melanoma: effects of proband and age. J Invest Dermatol. 2003 Feb;120(2):217-23.Texto completo  Resumo

36. Goldstein AM, Chan M, Harland M, et al. Features associated with germline CDKN2A mutations: a GenoMEL study of melanoma-prone families from three continents. J Med Genet. 2007 Feb;44(2):99-106.Texto completo  Resumo

37. van der Leest RJ, Liu L, Coebergh JW, et al. Risk of second primary in situ and invasive melanoma in a Dutch population-based cohort: 1989-2008. Br J Dermatol. 2012 Dec;167(6):1321-30. Resumo

38. Greene MH, Clark WH Jr, Tucker MA, et al. High risk of malignant melanoma in melanoma-prone families with dysplastic nevi. Ann Intern Med. 1985 Apr;102(4):458-65. Resumo

39. Gandini S, Sera F, Cattaruzza MS, et al. Meta-analysis of risk factors for cutaneous melanoma: I. Common and atypical naevi. Eur J Cancer. 2005 Jan;41(1):28-44.Texto completo  Resumo

40. Kanzler MH, Mraz-Gernhard S. Primary cutaneous malignant melanoma and its precursor lesions: diagnostic and therapeutic overview. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001 Aug;45(2):260-76. Resumo

41. Scard C, Aubert H, Wargny M, et al. Risk of melanoma in congenital melanocytic nevi of all sizes: a systematic review. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2023 Jan;37(1):32-9.Texto completo  Resumo

42. Swerdlow AJ, English JS, Qiao Z. The risk of melanoma in patients with congenital nevi: a cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1995 Apr;32(4):595-9. Resumo

43. Olsen CM, Knight LL, Green AC. Risk of melanoma in people with HIV/AIDS in the pre- and post-HAART eras: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. PLoS One. 2014 Apr 16;9(4):e95096.Texto completo  Resumo

44. Robbins HA, Clarke CA, Arron ST, et al. Melanoma risk and survival among organ transplant recipients. J Invest Dermatol. 2015 Nov;135(11):2657-65.Texto completo  Resumo

45. Kraemer KH, Lee MM, Scotto J. Xeroderma pigmentosum. Cutaneous, ocular, and neurologic abnormalities in 830 published cases. Arch Dermatol. 1987 Feb;123(2):241-50. Resumo

46. Alonso-Belmonte C, Montero-Vilchez T, Arias-Santiago S, et al. Current state of skin cancer prevention: a systematic review. [in spa]. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2022 Sep;113(8):781-791.Texto completo  Resumo

47. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vital signs: preventing melanoma. Dec 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

48. Abbasi NR, Shaw HM, Rigel DS, et al. Early diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma: revisiting the ABCD criteria. JAMA. 2004 Dec 8;292(22):2771-6. Resumo

49. Psaty EL, Scope A, Halpern AC, et al. Defining the patient at high risk for melanoma. Int J Dermatol. 2010 Apr;49(4):362-76.Texto completo  Resumo

50. McGovern TW, Litaker MS. Clinical predictors of malignant pigmented lesions. A comparison of the Glasgow seven-point checklist and the American Cancer Society's ABCDs of pigmented lesions. J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1992 Jan;18(1):22-6. Resumo

51. Grob JJ, Bonerandi JJ. The ugly duckling sign: identification of the common characteristics of nevi in an individual as a basis for melanoma screening. Arch Dermatol. 1998 Jan;134(1):103-4. Resumo

52. Kalkhoran S, Milne O, Zalaudek I, et al. Historical, clinical, and dermoscopic characteristics of thin nodular melanoma. Arch Dermatol. 2010 Mar;146(3):311-8.Texto completo  Resumo

53. Ronger S, Touzet S, Ligeron C, et al. Dermoscopic examination of nail pigmentation. Arch Dermatol. 2002 Oct;138(10):1327-33. Resumo

54. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: melanoma - cutaneous [internet publication].Texto completo

55. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Melanoma: assessment and management. Jul 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

56. Koblinski JE, Ahrns HT, Morse MJ, et al. Dermoscopy for the identification of amelanotic acral melanoma. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2022 Mar 16;112(1):20-184.Texto completo  Resumo

57. Williams NM, Rojas KD, Reynolds JM, et al. Assessment of diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopic structures and patterns used in mlanoma detection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Dermatol. 2021 Sep 1;157(9):1078-88.Texto completo  Resumo

58. Lan J, Wen J, Cao S, et al. The diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy for amelanotic/hypomelanotic melanoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Dermatol. 2020 Aug;183(2):210-9. Resumo

59. Vestergaard ME, Macaskill P, Holt PE, et al. Dermoscopy compared with naked eye examination for the diagnosis of primary melanoma: A meta-analysis of studies performed in a clinical setting. Br J Dermatol. 2008 Sep;159(3):669-76. Resumo

60. Menzies SW, Zalaudek I. Why perform dermoscopy? The evidence for its role in the routine management of pigmented skin lesions. Arch Dermatol. 2006 Sep;142(9):1211-2. Resumo

61. Amin MB, Edge S, Greene F, et al, eds. AJCC cancer staging manual. 8th ed. New York, NY: Springer; 2017.

62. Breslow A. Thickness, cross-sectional areas and depth of invasion in the prognosis of cutaneous melanoma. Ann Surg. 1970 Nov;172(5):902-8.Texto completo  Resumo

63. Davis LE, Shalin SC, Tackett AJ. Current state of melanoma diagnosis and treatment. Cancer Biol Ther. 2019;20(11):1366-79.Texto completo  Resumo

64. Dinehart MS, Dinehart SM, Sukpraprut-Braaten S, et al. Immunohistochemistry utilization in the diagnosis of melanoma. J Cutan Pathol. 2020 May;47(5):446-50. Resumo

65. Ivan D, Prieto VG. Use of immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of melanocytic lesions: applications and pitfalls. Future Oncol. 2010 Jul;6(7):1163-75. Resumo

66. Garbe C, Amaral T, Peris K, et al. European consensus-based interdisciplinary guideline for melanoma. Part 1: diagnostics - update 2022. Eur J Cancer. 2022 Jul:170:236-55.Texto completo  Resumo

67. Lezcano C, Jungbluth AA, Busam KJ. Immunohistochemistry for PRAME in dermatopathology. Am J Dermatopathol. 2023 Nov 1;45(11):733-47. Resumo

68. Long GV, Wilmott JS, Capper D, et al. Immunohistochemistry is highly sensitive and specific for the detection of V600E BRAF mutation in melanoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2013 Jan;37(1):61-5. Resumo

69. Chapman PB, Hauschild A, Robert C, et al. Improved survival with vemurafenib in melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation. N Engl J Med. 2011 Jun 30;364(26):2507-16.Texto completo  Resumo

70. Gutiérrez-Castañeda LD, Nova JA, Tovar-Parra JD. Frequency of mutations in BRAF, NRAS, and KIT in different populations and histological subtypes of melanoma: a systemic review. Melanoma Res. 2020 Feb;30(1):62-70.Texto completo  Resumo

71. Xing Y, Bronstein Y, Ross MI, et al. Contemporary diagnostic imaging modalities for the staging and surveillance of melanoma patients: a meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2011 Jan 19;103(2):129-42.Texto completo  Resumo

72. Morton DL, Thompson JF, Cochran AJ, et al. Final trial report of sentinel-node biopsy versus nodal observation in melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2014 Feb 13;370(7):599-609. Resumo

73. Zhang Y, Liu C, Wang Z, et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy in head and neck cutaneous melanomas: a PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Feb 5;100(5):e24284.Texto completo  Resumo

74. Swetter SM, Tsao H, Bichakjian CK, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of primary cutaneous melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019 Jan;80(1):208-50.Texto completo  Resumo

75. Xu J, Zhao J, Wang J, et al. Prognostic value of lactate dehydrogenase for melanoma patients receiving anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy: a meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Apr 9;100(14):e25318.Texto completo  Resumo

76. Thai KE, Young R, Sinclair RD. Nail apparatus melanoma. Australas J Dermatol. 2001 May;42(2):71-81. Resumo

77. Smoller BR. Histologic criteria for diagnosing primary cutaneous malignant melanoma. Mod Pathol. 2006 Feb;19 Suppl 2:S34-40.Texto completo  Resumo

78. Clark WH Jr, From L, Bernardino EA, et al. The histogenesis and biologic behavior of primary human malignant melanomas of the skin. Cancer Res. 1969 Mar;29(3):705-27.Texto completo  Resumo

79. US Preventive Services Task Force. Skin cancer: screening​. April 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

80. Johansson M, Brodersen J, Gøtzsche PC, et al. Screening for reducing morbidity and mortality in malignant melanoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Jun 3;6(6):CD012352.Texto completo  Resumo

81. Martin RA, Weinstock MA, Risica PM, et al. Factors associated with thorough skin self-examination for the early detection of melanoma. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2007 Sep;21(8):1074-81. Resumo

82. Seth R, Agarwala SS, Messersmith H, et al. Systemic therapy for melanoma: ASCO guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2023 Oct 20;41(30):4794-820.Texto completo  Resumo

83. Lens MB, Nathan P, Bataille V. Excision margins for primary cutaneous melanoma: updated pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Surg. 2007 Sep;142(9):885-91. Resumo

84. Utjés D, Malmstedt J, Teras J, et al. 2-cm versus 4-cm surgical excision margins for primary cutaneous melanoma thicker than 2 mm: long-term follow-up of a multicentre, randomised trial. Lancet. 2019 Aug 10;394(10197):471-7. Resumo

85. Cohn-Cedermark G, Rutqvist LE, Andersson R, et al. Long term results of a randomized study by the Swedish Melanoma Study Group on 2-cm versus 5-cm resection margins for patients with cutaneous melanoma with a tumor thickness of 0.8-2.0 mm. Cancer. 2000 Oct 1;89(7):1495-501. Resumo

86. Wong E, Axibal E, Brown M. Mohs micrographic surgery. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2019 Feb;27(1):15-34. Resumo

87. Bednar ED, Zon M, Abu-Hilal M. Morbidity and mortality of melanoma on the trunk and extremities treated with Mohs surgery versus wide excision: a systematic review. Dermatol Surg. 2022 Jan 1;48(1):1-6. Resumo

88. Pride RLD, Miller CJ, Murad MH, et al. Local recurrence of melanoma is higher after wide local excision versus Mohs micrographic surgery or staged excision: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dermatol Surg. 2022 Feb 1;48(2):164-70. Resumo

89. Algarin YA, Jambusaria-Pahlajani A, Ruiz E, et al. Advances in topical treatments of cutaneous malignancies. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2023 Jan;24(1):69-80. Resumo

90. Scarfì F, Patrizi A, Veronesi G, et al. The role of topical imiquimod in melanoma cutaneous metastases: A critical review of the literature. Dermatol Ther. 2020 Nov;33(6):e14165.Texto completo  Resumo

91. Valsecchi ME, Silbermins D, de Rosa N, et al. Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with melanoma: a meta-analysis. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Apr 10;29(11):1479-87. Resumo

92. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Pembrolizumab for adjuvant treatment of resected stage 2B or 2C melanoma. Oct 2022 [internet publication].​Texto completo

93. Luke JJ, Rutkowski P, Queirolo P, et al. LBA3_PR - Pembrolizumab versus placebo after complete resection of high-risk stage II melanoma: efficacy and safety results from the KEYNOTE-716 double-blind phase III trial. Ann Oncol. 2021 Sep;32(suppl 5):S1283-346.

94. ClinicalTrials.gov. Safety and efficacy of pembrolizumab compared to placebo in resected high-risk stage II melanoma (MK-3475-716/KEYNOTE-716). Sep 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

95. Luke JJ, Rutkowski P, Queirolo P, et al. Pembrolizumab versus placebo as adjuvant therapy in completely resected stage IIB or IIC melanoma (KEYNOTE-716): a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2022 Apr 30;399(10336):1718-29. Resumo

96. Long GV, Luke JJ, Khattak MA, et al. Pembrolizumab versus placebo as adjuvant therapy in resected stage IIB or IIC melanoma (KEYNOTE-716): distant metastasis-free survival results of a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2022 Nov;23(11):1378-88. Resumo

97. Patel SP, Othus M, Chen Y, et al. Neoadjuvant-adjuvant or adjuvant-only pembrolizumab in advanced melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2023 Mar 2;388(9):813-23.Texto completo  Resumo

98. ClinicalTrials.gov​. Neoadjuvant combination immunotherapy for stage III melanoma. 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

99. Menzies AM, Amaria RN, Rozeman EA, et al. Pathological response and survival with neoadjuvant therapy in melanoma: a pooled analysis from the International Neoadjuvant Melanoma Consortium (INMC). Nat Med. 2021 Feb;27(2):301-9. Resumo

100. Long GV, Saw RPM, Lo S, et al. Neoadjuvant dabrafenib combined with trametinib for resectable, stage IIIB-C, BRAF(V600) mutation-positive melanoma (NeoCombi): a single-arm, open-label, single-centre, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2019 Jul;20(7):961-71. Resumo

101. Gorry C, McCullagh L, O'Donnell H, et al. Neoadjuvant treatment for stage III and IV cutaneous melanoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Jan 17;1(1):CD012974.Texto completo  Resumo

102. Long GV, Menzies AM, Scolyer RA. Neoadjuvant checkpoint immunotherapy and melanoma: the time is now. J Clin Oncol. 2023 Jun 10;41(17):3236-48.Texto completo  Resumo

103. Ollila DW. Complete metastasectomy in patients with stage IV metastatic melanoma. Lancet Oncol. 2006 Nov;7(11):919-24. Resumo

104. Kroon BB. Surgery for distant metastatic melanoma improves survival. Ann Surg Oncol. 2012 Aug;19(8):2426-7.Texto completo  Resumo

105. Faries MB, Thompson JF, Cochran AJ, et al. Completion dissection or observation for sentinel-node metastasis in melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2017 Jun 8;376(23):2211-22.Texto completo  Resumo

106. Leiter U, Stadler R, Mauch C, et al. Complete lymph node dissection versus no dissection in patients with sentinel lymph node biopsy positive melanoma (DeCOG-SLT): a multicentre, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016 Jun;17(6):757-67. Resumo

107. Burmeister BH, Henderson MA, Ainslie J, et al. Adjuvant radiotherapy versus observation alone for patients at risk of lymph-node field relapse after therapeutic lymphadenectomy for melanoma: a randomised trial. Lancet Oncol. 2012 Jun;13(6):589-97. Resumo

108. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Pembrolizumab for adjuvant treatment of completely resected stage 3 melanoma. Feb 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

109. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Nivolumab for adjuvant treatment of completely resected melanoma with lymph node involvement or metastatic disease. Mar 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

110. Pérez-Morales J, Broman KK, Bettampadi D, et al. Recurrence patterns for regionally metastatic melanoma treated in the era of adjuvant therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg Oncol. 2023 Apr;30(4):2364-74. Resumo

111. Bersanelli M, Petrelli F, Buti S, et al. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in adjuvant setting after radical resection of melanoma: a meta-analysis of the pivotal trials. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2022 May 31;18(3):1902723.Texto completo  Resumo

112. Weber J, Mandala M, Del Vecchio M, et al. Adjuvant nivolumab versus ipilimumab in resected stage III or IV melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2017 Nov 9;377(19):1824-35.Texto completo  Resumo

113. Eggermont AMM, Blank CU, Mandala M, et al. Adjuvant pembrolizumab versus placebo in resected stage III melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2018 May 10;378(19):1789-801.Texto completo  Resumo

114. Eggermont AMM, Blank CU, Mandala M, et al. Prognostic and predictive value of AJCC-8 staging in the phase III EORTC1325/KEYNOTE-054 trial of pembrolizumab vs placebo in resected high-risk stage III melanoma. Eur J Cancer. 2019 Jul;116:148-57. Resumo

115. Eggermont AMM, Blank CU, Mandalà M, et al. Adjuvant pembrolizumab versus placebo in resected stage III melanoma (EORTC 1325-MG/KEYNOTE-054): distant metastasis-free survival results from a double-blind, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2021 May;22(5):643-54. Resumo

116. Long GV, Hauschild A, Santinami M, et al. Adjuvant dabrafenib plus trametinib in stage III BRAF-mutated melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2017 Nov 9;377(19):1813-23.Texto completo  Resumo

117. Hauschild A, Dummer R, Schadendorf D, et al. Longer follow-up confirms relapse-free survival benefit with adjuvant dabrafenib plus trametinib in patients with resected BRAF V600-mutant stage III melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Dec 10;36(35):3441-9.Texto completo  Resumo

118. Dummer R, Hauschild A, Santinami M, et al. Five-year analysis of adjuvant dabrafenib plus trametinib in stage III melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2020 Sep 17;383(12):1139-48.Texto completo  Resumo

119. Maio M, Lewis K, Demidov L, et al. Adjuvant vemurafenib in resected, BRAFV600 mutation-positive melanoma (BRIM8): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2018 Apr;19(4):510-20. Resumo

120. Vogelbaum MA, Brown PD, Messersmith H, et al. Treatment for brain metastases: ASCO-SNO-ASTRO guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2022 Feb 10;40(5):492-516.Texto completo  Resumo

121. Yin G, Guo W, Huang Z, et al. Efficacy of radiotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with melanoma: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Melanoma Res. 2022 Apr 1;32(2):71-8. Resumo

122. Lancellotta V, Del Regno L, Di Stefani A, et al. The role of stereotactic radiotherapy in addition to immunotherapy in the management of melanoma brain metastases: results of a systematic review. Radiol Med. 2022 Jul;127(7):773-83.Texto completo  Resumo

123. Anvari A, Sasanpour P, Kheradmardi MR. Radiotherapy and immunotherapy in melanoma brain metastases. Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther. 2023 Jan 12;16(1):1-20. Resumo

124. Najafi M, Jahanbakhshi A, Gomar M, et al. State of the art in combination immuno/radiotherapy for brain metastases: systematic review andmeta-analysis. Curr Oncol. 2022 Apr 22;29(5):2995-3012.Texto completo  Resumo

125. Kim PH, Suh CH, Kim HS, et al. Immune checkpoint inhibitor with or without radiotherapy in melanoma patients with brain metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Korean J Radiol. 2021 Apr;22(4):584-95.Texto completo  Resumo

126. Tracz JA, Donnelly BM, Ngu S, et al. The abscopal effect: inducing immunogenicity in the treatment of brain metastases secondary to lung cancer and melanoma. J Neurooncol. 2023 May;163(1):1-14. Resumo

127. D'Andrea MA, Reddy GK. Systemic antitumor effects and abscopal responses in melanoma patients receiving radiation therapy. Oncology. 2020;98(4):202-15. Resumo

128. Chesney JA, Ribas A, Long GV, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, global phase III trial of talimogene laherparepvec combined with pembrolizumab for advanced melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2023 Jan 20;41(3):528-40.Texto completo  Resumo

129. Bastrup FA, Vissing M, Gehl J. Electrochemotherapy with intravenous bleomycin for patients with cutaneous malignancies, across tumour histology: a systematic review. Acta Oncol. 2022 Sep;61(9):1093-104.Texto completo  Resumo

130. Ferioli M, Lancellotta V, Perrone AM, et al. Electrochemotherapy of skin metastases from malignant melanoma: a PRISMA-compliant systematic review. Clin Exp Metastasis. 2022 Oct;39(5):743-55.Texto completo  Resumo

131. Petrelli F, Ghidini A, Simioni A, et al. Impact of electrochemotherapy in metastatic cutaneous melanoma: a contemporary systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Oncol. 2022 May;61(5):533-44.Texto completo  Resumo

132. Caracò C, Mozzillo N, Marone U, et al. Long-lasting response to electrochemotherapy in melanoma patients with cutaneous metastasis. BMC Cancer. 2013 Dec 1;13:564.Texto completo  Resumo

133. Kunte C, Letulé V, Gehl J, et al. Electrochemotherapy in the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma: a prospective cohort study by InspECT. Br J Dermatol. 2017 Jun;176(6):1475-85. Resumo

134. Robert C, Schachter J, Long GV, et al. Pembrolizumab versus ipilimumab in advanced melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2015 Jun 25;372(26):2521-32. Resumo

135. Robert C, Long GV, Brady B, et al. Nivolumab in previously untreated melanoma without BRAF mutation. N Engl J Med. 2015 Jan 22;372(4):320-30.Texto completo  Resumo

136. Robert C, Long GV, Brady B, et al. Five-year outcomes with nivolumab in patients with wild-type BRAF advanced melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Nov 20;38(33):3937-46.Texto completo  Resumo

137. Ivashko IN, Kolesar JM. Pembrolizumab and nivolumab: PD-1 inhibitors for advanced melanoma. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2016 Feb 15;73(4):193-201. Resumo

138. Schachter J, Ribas A, Long GV, et al. Pembrolizumab versus ipilimumab for advanced melanoma: final overall survival results of a multicentre, randomised, open-label phase 3 study (KEYNOTE-006). Lancet. 2017 Oct 21;390(10105):1853-62. Resumo

139. Robert C, Carlino MS, McNeil C, et al. Seven-year follow-up of the phase III KEYNOTE-006 study: pembrolizumab versus ipilimumab in advanced melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2023 Aug 20;41(24):3998-4003. Resumo

140. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: ​management of immunotherapy-related toxicities [internet publication].Texto completo

141. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Nivolumab in combination with ipilimumab for treating advanced melanoma. Jul 2016 [internet publication].Texto completo

142. Larkin J, Chiarion-Sileni V, Gonzalez R, et al. Five-year survival with combined nivolumab and ipilimumab in advanced melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2019 Oct 17;381(16):1535-46.Texto completo  Resumo

143. Tawbi HA, Schadendorf D, Lipson EJ, et al. Relatlimab and nivolumab versus nivolumab in untreated advanced melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2022 Jan 6;386(1):24-34.Texto completo  Resumo

144. Larkin J, Chiarion-Sileni V, Gonzalez R, et al. Combined nivolumab and ipilimumab or monotherapy in untreated melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2015 Jul 2;373(1):23-34. Resumo

145. Wolchok JD, Chiarion-Sileni V, Gonzalez R, et al. Long-term outcomes with nivolumab plus ipilimumab or nivolumab alone versus ipilimumab in patients with advanced melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2022 Jan 10;40(2):127-37.Texto completo  Resumo

146. Tawbi HA, Forsyth PA, Algazi A, et al. Combined nivolumab and ipilimumab in melanoma metastatic to the brain. N Engl J Med. 2018 Aug 23;379(8):722-30.Texto completo  Resumo

147. Tawbi HA, Forsyth PA, Hodi FS, et al. Long-term outcomes of patients with active melanoma brain metastases treated with combination nivolumab plus ipilimumab (CheckMate 204): final results of an open-label, multicentre, phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol. 2021 Dec;22(12):1692-704. Resumo

148. Boutros A, Tanda ET, Croce E, et al. Activity and safety of first-line treatments for advanced melanoma: a network meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer. 2023 Jul;188:64-79.Texto completo  Resumo

149. Phillips AL, Reeves DJ. Nivolumab/relatlimab: a novel addition to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in unresectable or metastatic melanoma. Ann Pharmacother. 2023 Jun;57(6):738-45. Resumo

150. Atkins MB, Lee SJ, Chmielowski B, et al. DREAMseq (doublet, randomized evaluation in advanced melanoma sequencing): a phase III trial – ECOG-ACRIN EA6134. 2021 ASCO Monthly Plenary Series, meeting abstract 356154. J Clin Oncol. 2021;39(36 Suppl).Texto completo

151. Atkins MB, Lee SJ, Chmielowski B, et al. Combination dabrafenib and trametinib versus combination nivolumab and ipilimumab for patients with advanced BRAF-mutant melanoma: the DREAMseq trial-ECOG-ACRIN EA6134. J Clin Oncol. 2023 Jan 10;41(2):186-197.Texto completo  Resumo

152. Keilholz U, Ascierto PA, Dummer R, et al. ESMO consensus conference recommendations on the management of metastatic melanoma: under the auspices of the ESMO Guidelines Committee. Ann Oncol. 2020 Nov;31(11):1435-48.Texto completo  Resumo

153. Michielin O, van Akkooi ACJ, Ascierto PA, et al. Cutaneous melanoma: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2019 Dec 1;30(12):1884-901.Texto completo  Resumo

154. Robert C, Karaszewska B, Schachter J, et al. Improved overall survival in melanoma with combined dabrafenib and trametinib. N Engl J Med. 2015 Jan 1;372(1):30-9.Texto completo  Resumo

155. Long GV, Stroyakovskiy D, Gogas H, et al. Combined BRAF and MEK inhibition versus BRAF inhibition alone in melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2014 Nov 13;371(20):1877-88.Texto completo  Resumo

156. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Dabrafenib with trametinib for adjuvant treatment of resected BRAF V600 mutation-positive melanoma. Oct 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo

157. Robert C, Grob JJ, Stroyakovskiy D, et al. Five-year outcomes with dabrafenib plus trametinib in metastatic melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2019 Aug 15;381(7):626-36.Texto completo  Resumo

158. Dummer R, Ascierto PA, Gogas HJ, et al. Overall survival in patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma receiving encorafenib plus binimetinib versus vemurafenib or encorafenib (COLUMBUS): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2018 Oct;19(10):1315-27. Resumo

159. Wu J, Das J, Kalra M, et al. Comparative efficacy of dabrafenib + trametinib versus treatment options for metastatic melanoma in first-line settings. J Comp Eff Res. 2021 Mar;10(4):267-80.Texto completo  Resumo

160. Dummer R, Flaherty KT, Robert C, et al. COLUMBUS 5-year update: a randomized, open-label, phase III trial of encorafenib plus binimetinib versus vemurafenib or encorafenib in patients with BRAF V600-mutant melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2022 Dec 20;40(36):4178-88.Texto completo  Resumo

161. Gutzmer R, Stroyakovskiy D, Gogas H, et al. Atezolizumab, vemurafenib, and cobimetinib as first-line treatment for unresectable advanced BRAFV600 mutation-positive melanoma (IMspire150): primary analysis of the randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2020 Jun 13;395(10240):1835-44. Resumo

162. Nathan P, Dummer R, Long GV, et al. LBA43 Spartalizumab plus dabrafenib and trametinib (Sparta-DabTram) in patients (pts) with previously untreated BRAF V600–mutant unresectable or metastatic melanoma: Results from the randomized part 3 of the phase III COMBI-i trial. Ann Oncol. 2020;31(suppl 4):S1172.Texto completo

163. Pala L, De Pas T, Pagan E, et al. Improved outcomes in women with BRAF-mutant melanoma treated with BRAF/MEK-targeted therapy across randomized clinical trials. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Semin Oncol. 2023 Feb-Apr;50(1-2):34-9.Texto completo  Resumo

164. Hodi FS, O'Day SJ, McDermott DF, et al. Improved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2010 Aug 19;363(8):711-23.Texto completo  Resumo

165. Margolin K, Ernstoff MS, Hamid O, et al. Ipilimumab in patients with melanoma and brain metastases: an open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2012 May;13(5):459-65. Resumo

166. Middelton MR, Grob JJ, Aaaronson N, et al. Randomized phase III study of temozolomide versus dacarbazine in the treatment of patients with advanced metastatic malignant melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2000 Jan;18(1):158-66. Resumo

167. Eggermont AM, Kirkwood JM. Re-evaluating the role of dacarbazine in metastatic melanoma: what have we learned in 30 years? Eur J Cancer. 2004 Aug;40(12):1825-36. Resumo

168. Flaherty KT, Lee SJ, Zhao F, et al. Phase III trial of carboplatin and paclitaxel with or without sorafenib in metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2013 Jan 20;31(3):373-9.Texto completo  Resumo

169. Hersh E, Del Vecchio M, Brown M, et al. Phase 3, randomized, open-label, multicenter trial of nab-paclitaxel (nab-P) vs dacarbazine (DTIC) in previously untreated patients with metastatic malignant melanoma (MMM). Society of Melanoma Research Meeting. Los Angeles. 2012.

170. Atkins MB, Lotze MT, Dutcher JP, et al. High-dose recombinant interleukin 2 therapy for patients with metastatic melanoma: analysis of 270 patients treated between 1985 and 1993. J Clin Oncol. 1999 Jul;17(7):2105-16. Resumo

171. Atkins MB, Hsu J, Lee S, et al. Phase III trial comparing concurrent biochemotherapy with cisplatin, vinblastine, dacarbazine, interleukin-2, and interferon alfa-2b with cisplatin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine alone in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma (E3695): a trial coordinated by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Dec 10;26(35):5748-54.Texto completo  Resumo

172. D'Angelo SP, Larkin J, Sosman JA, et al. Efficacy and safety of nivolumab alone or in combination with ipilimumab in patients with mucosal melanoma: a pooled analysis. J Clin Oncol. 2017 Jan 10;35(2):226-35.Texto completo  Resumo

173. Andtbacka RHI, Collichio F, Harrington KJ, et al. Final analyses of OPTiM: a randomized phase III trial of talimogene laherparepvec versus granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in unresectable stage III-IV melanoma. J Immunother Cancer. 2019 Jun 6;7(1):145.Texto completo  Resumo

174. Andtbacka RH, Kaufman HL, Collichio F, et al. Talimogene laherparepvec improves durable response rate in patients with advanced melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Sep 1;33(25):2780-8.Texto completo  Resumo

175. Stahlie EHA, Mulder EEAP, Reijers S, et al. Single agent talimogene laherparepvec for stage IIIB-IVM1c melanoma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2022 Jul;175:103705.Texto completo  Resumo

176. Seegenschmiedt MH, Keilholz L, Altendorf-Hofmann A, et al. Palliative radiotherapy for recurrent and metastatic malignant melanoma: prognostic factors for tumor response and long-term outcome: a 20-year experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1999 Jun 1;44(3):607-18. Resumo

177. Ben Shimol J, Guzman-Prado Y, Karlinskaya M, et al. Effectiveness and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors in combination with palliative radiotherapy in advanced melanoma: a systematic review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2021 Nov;167:103499.Texto completo  Resumo

178. Young RF. Radiosurgery for the treatment of brain metastases. Semin Surg Oncol. 1998 Jan;14(1):70-8. Resumo

179. Koc M, McGregor J, Grecula J, et al. Gamma knife radiosurgery for intracranial metastatic melanoma: an analysis of survival and prognostic factors. J Neurooncol. 2005 Feb;71(3):307-13. Resumo

180. Livingstone E, Zimmer L, Hassel JC, et al. Adjuvant nivolumab plus ipilimumab or nivolumab alone versus placebo in patients with resected stage IV melanoma with no evidence of disease (IMMUNED): final results of a randomised, double-blind, phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2022 Oct 1;400(10358):1117-29.Texto completo  Resumo

181. Weber JS, Schadendorf D, Del Vecchio M, et al. Adjuvant therapy of nivolumab combined with ipilimumab versus nivolumab alone in patients with resected stage IIIB-D or stage IV melanoma (CheckMate 915). J Clin Oncol. 2023 Jan 20;41(3):517-27.Texto completo  Resumo

182. Dummer R, Schadendorf D, Ascierto PA, et al. Binimetinib versus dacarbazine in patients with advanced NRAS-mutant melanoma (NEMO): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2017 Apr;18(4):435-45. Resumo

183. Steeb T, Wessely A, Petzold A, et al. c-Kit inhibitors for unresectable or metastatic mucosal, acral or chronically sun-damaged melanoma: a systematic review and one-arm meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer. 2021 Nov;157:348-57. Resumo

184. Guo J, Carvajal RD, Dummer R, et al. Efficacy and safety of nilotinib in patients with KIT-mutated metastatic or inoperable melanoma: final results from the global, single-arm, phase II TEAM trial. Ann Oncol. 2017 Jun 1;28(6):1380-7.Texto completo  Resumo

185. Ascierto PA, Stroyakovskiy D, Gogas H, et al. Overall survival with first-line atezolizumab in combination with vemurafenib and cobimetinib in BRAF(V600) mutation-positive advanced melanoma (IMspire150): second interim analysis of a multicentre, randomised, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. 2023 Jan;24(1):33-44. Resumo

186. ClinicalTrials.gov. A study of NKTR-214 combined with nivolumab vs nivolumab alone in participants with previously untreated inoperable or metastatic melanoma. Oct 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

187. ClinicalTrials.gov. A study of APG-115 in combination with pembrolizumab in patients with metastatic melanomas or advanced solid tumors. Feb 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

188. Chesney J, Lewis KD, Kluger H, et al. Efficacy and safety of lifileucel, a one-time autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) cell therapy, in patients with advanced melanoma after progression on immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies: pooled analysis of consecutive cohorts of the C-144-01 study. J Immunother Cancer. 2022 Dec;10(12):e005755. Resumo

189. Sarnaik AA, Hamid O, Khushalani NI, et al. Lifileucel, a tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy, in metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2021 Aug 20;39(24):2656-66.Texto completo  Resumo

190. Yarza R, Bover M, Herrera-Juarez M, et al. Efficacy of T-cell receptor-based adoptive cell therapy in cutaneous melanoma: a meta-analysis. Oncologist. 2023 Jun 2;28(6):e406-15.Texto completo  Resumo

191. Lam M, Zhu JW, Hu A, et al. Racial differences in the prognosis and survival of cutaneous melanoma from 1990 to 2020 in North America: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cutan Med Surg. 2022 Mar-Apr;26(2):181-8.Texto completo  Resumo

192. Calomarde-Rees L, García-Calatayud R, Requena Caballero C, et al. Risk factors for lymphatic and hematogenous dissemination in patients with stages I to II cutaneous melanoma. JAMA Dermatol. 2019 Jun 1;155(6):679-87.Texto completo  Resumo

193. MacKenzie Ross AD, Haydu LE, Quinn MJ, et al. The association between excision margins and local recurrence in 11,290 thin (T1) primary cutaneous melanomas: a case-control study. Ann Surg Oncol. 2016 Apr;23(4):1082-9. Resumo

194. Berger AC, Ollila DW, Christopher A, et al. Patient symptoms are the most frequent indicators of recurrence in patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer stage II melanoma. J Am Coll Surg. 2017 Apr;224(4):652-9. Resumo

195. Brahmer JR, Abu-Sbeih H, Ascierto PA, et al. Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) clinical practice guideline on immune checkpoint inhibitor-related adverse events. J Immunother Cancer. 2021 Jun;9(6):e002435.Texto completo  Resumo

196. Titus-Ernstoff L, Perry AE, Spencer SK, et al. Multiple primary melanoma: two-year results from a population-based study. Arch Dermatol. 2006 Apr;142(4):433-8. Resumo

197. Ferrone CR, Ben Porat L, Panageas KS, et al. Clinicopathological features of and risk factors for multiple primary melanomas. JAMA. 2005 Oct 5;294(13):1647-54.Texto completo  Resumo

198. Lallas A, Apalla Z, Kyrgidis A, et al. Second primary melanomas in a cohort of 977 melanoma patients within the first 5 years of monitoring. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020 Feb;82(2):398-406. Resumo

199. von Schuckmann LA, Hughes MCB, Ghiasvand R, et al. Risk of melanoma recurrence after diagnosis of a high-risk primary tumor. JAMA Dermatol. 2019 Jun 1;155(6):688-93.Texto completo  Resumo

200. Robinson JK, Turrisi R, Stapleton J. Efficacy of a partner assistance intervention designed to increase skin self-examination performance. Arch Dermatol. 2007 Jan;143(1):37-41. Resumo