Resfriado comum

Harris AM, Hicks LA, Qaseem A, et al. Appropriate antibiotic use for acute respiratory tract infection in adults: advice for high-value care from the American College of Physicians and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Ann Intern Med. 2016 Mar 15;164(6):425-34.Texto completo  Resumo

Jefferson T, Del Mar CB, Dooley L, et al. Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Nov 20;(11):CD006207.Texto completo  Resumo

van Driel ML, Scheire S, Deckx L, et al. What treatments are effective for common cold in adults and children? BMJ. 2018 Oct 10;363:k3786.

De Sutter AI, Eriksson L, van Driel ML. Oral antihistamine-decongestant-analgesic combinations for the common cold. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Jan 21;1:CD004976.Texto completo  Resumo

Isbister GK, Prior F, Kilham HA. Restricting cough and cold medicines in children. J Paediatr Child Health. 2012 Feb;48(2):91-8. Resumo

Smith SM, Schroeder K, Fahey T. Over-the-counter (OTC) medications for acute cough in children and adults in community settings. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Nov 24;(11):CD001831.Texto completo  Resumo

Kenealy T, Arroll B. Antibiotics for the common cold and acute purulent rhinitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jun 4;(6):CD000247.Texto completo  Resumo

1. Fry J, Sandler G. Common diseases. Their nature, prevalence and care. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic; 1993.

2. Tupasi TE, de Leon LE, Lupisan S, et al. Patterns of acute respiratory tract infection in children: a longitudinal study in a depressed community in Metro Manila. Rev Infect Dis. 1990 Nov-Dec;12(suppl 8):S940-9. Resumo

3. Cruz JR, Pareja G, de Fernandez A, et al. Epidemiology of acute respiratory tract infections among Guatemalan ambulatory preschool children. Rev Infect Dis. 1990 Nov-Dec;12(suppl 8):S1029-34. Resumo

4. Kvaerner KJ, Nafstad P, Jaakkola JJ. Upper respiratory morbidity in preschool children: a cross-sectional study. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2000 Oct;126(10):1201-6.Texto completo  Resumo

5. Witek TJ, Ramsey DL, Carr AN, et al. The natural history of community-acquired common colds symptoms assessed over 4-years. Rhinology. 2015 Mar;53(1):81-8. Resumo

6. NHS Clinical Knowledge Summaries. Common cold. August 2016 [internet publication].Texto completo

7. Harris AM, Hicks LA, Qaseem A, et al. Appropriate antibiotic use for acute respiratory tract infection in adults: advice for high-value care from the American College of Physicians and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Ann Intern Med. 2016 Mar 15;164(6):425-34.Texto completo  Resumo

8. Bramley TJ, Lerner D, Sames M. Productivity losses related to the common cold. J Occup Environ Med. 2002 Sep;44(9):822-9. Resumo

9. Monto AS. Occurrence of respiratory virus: time, place and person. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2004 Jan;23(suppl 1):S58-64. Resumo

10. Kaiser L, Lew D, Hirschel B, et al. Effect of antibiotic treatment in a subset of common cold patients who have bacteria in nasopharyngeal secretions. Lancet. 1996 Jun 1;347(9014):1507-10. Resumo

11. Winther B, Brofeldt S, Christensen B, et al. Light and scanning electron microscopy of nasal biopsy material from patients with naturally acquired common colds. Acta Otolaryngol. 1984 Mar-Apr;97(3-4):309-18. Resumo

12. Winther B, Farr B, Turner RB, et al. Histopathologic examination and enumeration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the nasal mucosa during experimental rhinovirus colds. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1984;413:19-24. Resumo

13. Bell DM, Gleiber DW, Mercer AA, et al. Illness associated with child day care: a study of incidence and cost. Am J Public Health. 1989 Apr;79(4):479-84.Texto completo  Resumo

14. Cohen S, Tyrrell DA, Russell MA, et al. Smoking, alcohol consumption, and susceptibility to the common cold. Am J Public Health. 1993 Sep;83(9):1277-83.Texto completo  Resumo

15. Jefferson T, Del Mar CB, Dooley L, et al. Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Nov 20;(11):CD006207.Texto completo  Resumo

16. Hübner NO, Hübner C, Wodny M, et al. Effectiveness of alcohol-based hand disinfectants in a public administration: impact on health and work performance related to acute respiratory symptoms and diarrhoea. BMC Infect Dis. 2010 Aug 24;10:250.Texto completo  Resumo

17. MacIntyre CR, Chughtai AA. Facemasks for the prevention of infection in healthcare and community settings. BMJ. 2015 Apr 9;350:h694. Resumo

18. Smith JD, MacDougall CC, Johnstone J, et al. Effectiveness of N95 respirators versus surgical masks in protecting health care workers from acute respiratory infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CMAJ. 2016 May 17;188(8):567-74.Texto completo  Resumo

19. Hemilä H, Chalker E. Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jan 31;(1):CD000980.Texto completo  Resumo

20. Gómez E, Quidel S, Bravo-Soto G, et al. Does vitamin C prevent the common cold?. Medwave. 2018 Aug 6;18(4):e7235.Texto completo  Resumo

21. Wang MX, Koh J, Pang J. Association between micronutrient deficiency and acute respiratory infections in healthy adults: a systematic review of observational studies. Nutr J. 2019 Nov 30;18(1):80.Texto completo  Resumo

22. Martineau AR, Hanifa Y, Witt KD, et al. Double-blind randomised controlled trial of vitamin D3 supplementation for the prevention of acute respiratory infection in older adults and their carers (ViDiFlu). Thorax. 2015 Oct;70(10):953-60. Resumo

23. Aglipay M, Birken CS, Parkin PC, et al. Effect of high-dose vs standard-dose wintertime vitamin D supplementation on viral upper respiratory tract infections in young healthy children. JAMA. 2017 Jul 18;318(3):245-54. Resumo

24. Wang MX, Win SS, Pang J. Zinc supplementation reduces common cold duration among healthy adults: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials with micronutrients supplementation. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2020 Jul;103(1):86-99.Texto completo  Resumo

25. Vakili R, Vahedian M, Khodaei GH, et al. Effects of zinc supplementation in occurrence and duration of common cold in school aged children during cold season: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Iranian J Pediatr. 2009;19(4):376-80.

26. Karsch-Völk M, Barrett B, Kiefer D, et al. Echinacea for preventing and treating the common cold. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Feb 20;(2):CD000530.Texto completo  Resumo

27. McIsaac WJ, White D, Tannenbaum D, et al. A clinical score to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use in patients with sore throat. CMAJ. 1998 Jan 13;158(1):75-83.Texto completo  Resumo

28. Call SA, Vollenweider MA, Hornung CA, et al. Does this patient have influenza? JAMA. 2005 Feb 23;293(8):987-97. Resumo

29. Aabenhus R, Jensen JU, Jørgensen KJ, et al. Biomarkers as point-of-care tests to guide prescription of antibiotics in patients with acute respiratory infections in primary care. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Nov 6;(11):CD010130.Texto completo  Resumo

30. Doan Q, Enarson P, Kissoon N, et al. Rapid viral diagnosis for acute febrile respiratory illness in children in the Emergency Department. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Sep 15;(9):CD006452.Texto completo  Resumo

31. Czubak J, Stolarczyk K, Orzeł A, et al. Comparison of the clinical differences between COVID-19, SARS, influenza, and the common cold: A systematic literature review. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2021 Jan;30(1):109-14. Resumo

32. Barrett B, Brown R, Rakel D, et al. Placebo effects and the common cold: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Fam Med. 2011 Jul-Aug;9(4):312-22.Texto completo  Resumo

33. Rakel D, Barrett B, Zhang Z, et al. Perception of empathy in the therapeutic encounter: effects on the common cold. Patient Educ Couns. 2011 Dec;85(3):390-7.Texto completo  Resumo

34. Coxeter P, Del Mar CB, McGregor L, et al. Interventions to facilitate shared decision making to address antibiotic use for acute respiratory infections in primary care. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(11):CD010907.Texto completo  Resumo

35. Guppy MP, Mickan SM, Del Mar CB, et al. Advising patients to increase fluid intake for treating acute respiratory infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Feb 16;(2):CD004419.Texto completo  Resumo

36. van Driel ML, Scheire S, Deckx L, et al. What treatments are effective for common cold in adults and children? BMJ. 2018 Oct 10;363:k3786.

37. Li S, Yue J, Dong BR, et al. Acetaminophen (paracetamol) for the common cold in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jul 1;(7):CD008800.Texto completo  Resumo

38. Eccles R. Efficacy and safety of over-the-counter analgesics in the treatment of common cold and flu. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2006 Aug;31(4):309-19. Resumo

39. Kim SY, Chang YJ, Cho HM, et al. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the common cold. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Sep 21;(9):CD006362.Texto completo  Resumo

40. McCarthy DM. Efficacy and gastrointestinal risk of aspirin used for the treatment of pain and cold. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2012 Apr;26(2):101-12. Resumo

41. Lanas A, McCarthy D, Voelker M, et al. Short-term acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) use for pain, fever, or colds - gastrointestinal adverse effects: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Drugs R D. 2011 Sep 1;11(3):277-88.Texto completo  Resumo

42. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Sore throat (acute): antimicrobial prescribing​. NICE guideline NG84. Jan 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo

43. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Antibiotic prescribing and use in doctor’s offices: common cold. Jun 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

44. King D, Mitchell B, Williams CP, et al. Saline nasal irrigation for acute upper respiratory tract infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Apr 20;2015(4):CD006821.Texto completo  Resumo

45. Deckx L, De Sutter AI, Guo L, et al. Nasal decongestants in monotherapy for the common cold. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Oct 17;(10):CD009612.Texto completo  Resumo

46. Eccles R, Martensson K, Chen SC. Effects of intranasal xylometazoline, alone or in combination with ipratropium, in patients with common cold. Curr Med Res Opin. 2010 Apr;26(4):889-99. Resumo

47. Allan GM, Arroll B. Prevention and treatment of the common cold: making sense of the evidence. CMAJ. 2014 Feb 18;186(3):190-9. Resumo

48. European Medicines Agency. ​EMA confirms measures to minimise the risk of serious side effects with medicines containing pseudoephedrine. Jan 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo

49. De Sutter AI, Saraswat A, van Driel ML. Antihistamines for the common cold. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Nov 29;(11):CD009345.Texto completo  Resumo

50. De Sutter AI, Eriksson L, van Driel ML. Oral antihistamine-decongestant-analgesic combinations for the common cold. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Jan 21;1:CD004976.Texto completo  Resumo

51. AlBalawi ZH, Othman SS, AlFaleh K. Intranasal ipratropium bromide for the common cold. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jun 19;(6):CD008231.Texto completo  Resumo

52. US Food and Drug Administration. Use caution when giving cough and cold products to kids. Feb 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo

53. Green JL, Wang GS, Reynolds KM, et al. Safety profile of cough and cold medication use in pediatrics. Pediatrics. 2017 Jun;139(6).Texto completo  Resumo

54. Isbister GK, Prior F, Kilham HA. Restricting cough and cold medicines in children. J Paediatr Child Health. 2012 Feb;48(2):91-8. Resumo

55. Smith SM, Schroeder K, Fahey T. Over-the-counter (OTC) medications for acute cough in children and adults in community settings. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Nov 24;(11):CD001831.Texto completo  Resumo

56. Malesker MA, Callahan-Lyon P, Ireland B, et al. Pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment for acute cough associated with the common cold: CHEST expert panel report. Chest. 2017 Nov;152(5):1021-37.Texto completo  Resumo

57. Food and Drug Administration. FDA drug safety communication: FDA requires labeling changes for prescription opioid cough and cold medicines to limit their use to adults 18 years and older. January 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo

58. European Medicines Agency. EMA recommends withdrawal of pholcodine medicines from EU market​. Dec 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

59. Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. Pholcodine-containing cough and cold medicines: withdrawal from UK market as a precautionary measure. Mar 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

60. Mertes PM, Petitpain N, Tacquard C, et al. Pholcodine exposure increases the risk of perioperative anaphylaxis to neuromuscular blocking agents: the ALPHO case-control study. Br J Anaesth. 2023 Jul;131(1):150-8.Texto completo  Resumo

61. Royal College of Anaesthetists. Anaesthesia, surgery and life-threatening allergic reactions. ​May 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo

62. Florvaag E, Johansson SG, Irgens Å, et al. IgE-sensitization to the cough suppressant pholcodine and the effects of its withdrawal from the Norwegian market. Allergy. 2011 Jul;66(7):955-60. Resumo

63. World Health Organization. Prior use of pholcodine-containing cough and cold remedies and risk of perioperative anaphylactic reactions to neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs). Mar 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

64. Oduwole O, Udoh EE, Oyo-Ita A, et al. Honey for acute cough in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Apr 10;(4):CD007094.Texto completo  Resumo

65. El-Gohary M, Hay AD, Coventry P, et al. Corticosteroids for acute and subacute cough following respiratory tract infection: a systematic review. Fam Pract. 2013 Oct;30(5):492-500. Resumo

66. Kenealy T, Arroll B. Antibiotics for the common cold and acute purulent rhinitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jun 4;(6):CD000247.Texto completo  Resumo

67. National Institute of Health and Care Excellence. Cough (acute): antimicrobial prescribing​. NICE guideline NG120. Feb 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

68. Spurling GK, Del Mar CB, Dooley L, et al. Delayed antibiotic prescriptions for respiratory infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Sep 7;(9):CD004417.Texto completo  Resumo

69. O'Sullivan JW, Harvey RT, Glasziou PP, et al. Written information for patients (or parents of child patients) to reduce the use of antibiotics for acute upper respiratory tract infections in primary care. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Nov 25;(11):CD011360.Texto completo  Resumo

70. Tonkin-Crine SK, Tan PS, van Hecke O, et al. Clinician-targeted interventions to influence antibiotic prescribing behaviour for acute respiratory infections in primary care: an overview of systematic reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Sep 7;(9):CD012252.Texto completo  Resumo

71. Nahas R, Balla A. Complementary and alternative medicine for prevention and treatment of the common cold. Can Fam Physician. 2011 Jan;57(1):31-6.Texto completo  Resumo

72. Singh M, Singh M, Jaiswal N, et al. Heated, humidified air for the common cold. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Aug 29;(8):CD001728.Texto completo  Resumo

73. Quidel S, Gómez E, Bravo-Soto G, et al. What are the effects of vitamin C on the duration and severity of the common cold?. Medwave. 2018 Oct 3;18(6):e7261.Texto completo  Resumo

74. Ran L, Zhao W, Wang J, et al. Extra Dose of Vitamin C Based on a Daily Supplementation Shortens the Common Cold: A Meta-Analysis of 9 Randomized Controlled Trials. Biomed Res Int. 2018;2018:1837634.Texto completo  Resumo

75. Aberg N, Aberg B, Alestig K. The effect of inhaled and intranasal sodium cromoglycate on symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections. Clin Exp Allergy. 1996 Sep;26(9):1045-50. Resumo

76. Butler CC, Robling MR, Prout H, et al. The management of suspected acute viral upper respiratory tract infection in children: a community-based randomised controlled trial of treatment with intranasal sodium cromoglycate. Lancet. 2002 Jun 22;359(9324):2153-8. Resumo

77. Paul IM, Beiler JS, King TS. Vapor rub, petrolatum, and no treatment for children with nocturnal cough and cold symptoms. Pediatrics. 2010 Dec;126(6):1092-9.Texto completo  Resumo

78. Hayward G, Thompson MJ, Perera R, et al. Corticosteroids for the common cold. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Oct 13;(10):CD008116.Texto completo  Resumo

79. Rowe CA, Nantz MP, Bukowski JF, et al. Specific formulation of Camellia sinensis prevents cold and flu symptoms and enhances gamma,delta T cell function: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Am Coll Nutr. 2007 Oct;26(5):445-52. Resumo

80. Pittler MH, Ernst E. Clinical effectiveness of garlic (Allium sativum). Mol Nutr Food Res. 2007 Nov;51(11):1382-5. Resumo

81. Lissiman E, Bhasale AL, Cohen M. Garlic for the common cold. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Nov 11;(11):CD006206.Texto completo  Resumo

82. Zhang X, Wu T, Zhang J, et al. Chinese medicinal herbs for the common cold. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 Jan 24;(1):CD004782.Texto completo  Resumo

83. Byun JS, Yang SY, Jeong IC, et al. Effects of So-cheong-ryong-tang and Yeon-gyo-pae-dok-san on the common cold: randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011 Jan 27;133(2):642-6. Resumo

84. Timmer A, Günther J, Motschall E, et al. Pelargonium sidoides extract for treating acute respiratory tract infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Oct 22;(10):CD006323.Texto completo  Resumo

85. Fan T, Zhang Y, Jiang H, et al. Huo Xiang Zhengqi dropping pill in treating wind cold and dampness stagnation pattern of common cold: a randomized controlled trial [in Chinese]. Chin J Evid Based Med. 2012;3:283-288.

86. Ross SM. African geranium (EPs 7630), part I: a proprietary root extract of Pelargonium sidoides (EPs 7630) is found to be effective in resolving symptoms associated with the common cold in adults. Holist Nurs Pract. 2012;26:106-109. Resumo

87. Lee H, Kang B, Hong M, et al. Eunkyosan for the common cold: A PRISMA-compliment systematic review of randomised, controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020 Jul 31;99(31):e21415.Texto completo  Resumo

88. Larmo P, Alin J, Salminen E, et al. Effects of sea buckthorn berries on infections and inflammation: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2008 Sep;62(9):1123-30. Resumo

89. Hawkins J, Baker C, Cherry L, et al. Black elderberry (Sambucus nigra) supplementation effectively treats upper respiratory symptoms: A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled clinical trials. Complement Ther Med. 2019 Feb;42:361-5.Texto completo  Resumo

90. Hawke K, van Driel ML, Buffington BJ, et al. Homeopathic medicinal products for preventing and treating acute respiratory tract infections in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Apr 9;4:CD005974.Texto completo  Resumo

91. Mousnier A, Bell AS, Swieboda DP, et al. Fragment-derived inhibitors of human N-myristoyltransferase block capsid assembly and replication of the common cold virus. Nat Chem. 2018 Jun;10(6):599-606. Resumo

92. Agoni C, Salifu EY, Enslin G, et al. Dual-inhibition of human N-myristoyltransferase subtypes halts common cold pathogenesis: atomistic perspectives from the Case of IMP-1088. Chem Biodivers. 2022 Feb;19(2):e202100748. Resumo

93. Hao Q, Dong BR, Wu T. Probiotics for preventing acute upper respiratory tract infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Feb 3;(2):CD006895.Texto completo  Resumo

94. Suzuki M, Yokoyama Y, Yamazaki H. Research into acupuncture for respiratory disease in Japan: a systematic review. Acupunct Med. 2009 Jun;27(2):54-60. Resumo

95. Heo JS, Yang SY, Lim SA, et al. A manual acupuncture treatment attenuates common cold and its symptoms: a case series report from South Korea. J Tradit Chin Med. 2016 Dec;36(6):724-9.Texto completo  Resumo

96. Simancas-Racines D, Franco JV, Guerra CV, et al. Vaccines for the common cold. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 May 18;(5):CD002190.Texto completo  Resumo

97. Butler CC, Kinnersley P, Hood K, et al. Clinical course of acute infection of the upper respiratory tract in children: cohort study. BMJ. 2003 Nov 8;327(7423):1088-9.Texto completo  Resumo

98. Ebell MH, Lundgren J, Youngpairoj S. How long does a cough last? Comparing patients' expectations with data from a systematic review of the literature. Ann Fam Med. 2013 Jan-Feb;11(1):5-13.Texto completo  Resumo