O diabetes do tipo 1 não tratado é uma condição fatal devido à cetoacidose diabética (consulte nosso tópico Cetoacidose diabética). Níveis de glicose consistentemente elevados no diabetes do tipo 1 são um fator de risco para complicações crônicas, como cegueira, insuficiência renal, amputações de pés e ataques cardíacos. O controle glicêmico intensivo mostrou diminuir a incidência de doença micro e macrovascular no diabetes do tipo 1.[126]White NH, Sun W, Cleary PA, et al. Effect of prior intensive therapy in type 1 diabetes on 10-year progression of retinopathy in the DCCT/EDIC: comparison of adults and adolescents. Diabetes. 2010 May;59(5):1244-53.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20150283?tool=bestpractice.com
[127]Nathan DM, Genuth S, Lachin J; The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1993 Sep 30;329(14):977-86.
https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJM199309303291401
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8366922?tool=bestpractice.com
[128]Pop-Busui RL, Low PA, Waberski BH, et al. Effects of prior intensive insulin therapy on cardiac autonomic nervous system function in type 1 diabetes mellitus: the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study (DCCT/EDIC). Circulation. 2009 Jun 9;119(22):2886-93.
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/circulationaha.108.837369
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19470886?tool=bestpractice.com
[129]Nathan DM, Zinman B, Cleary PA, et al; Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Research Group. Modern-day clinical course of type 1 diabetes mellitus after 30 years' duration: the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications and Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications experience (1983-2005). Arch Intern Med. 2009 Jul 27;169(14):1307-16.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/724752
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19636033?tool=bestpractice.com
[130]Nathan DM, Cleary PA, Backlund JY, et al; Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Study Research Group. Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2005 Dec 22;353(25):2643-53.
https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa052187
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16371630?tool=bestpractice.com
Demonstrou-se que a menor incidência de doença macrovascular persiste por até 30 anos.[131]Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) Study Research Group. Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular outcomes in type 1 diabetes: the DCCT/EDIC Study 30-year follow-up. Diabetes Care. 2016 May;39(5):686-93.
http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/39/5/686.long
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26861924?tool=bestpractice.com
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How does intensive glucose control compare with conventional glucose control in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus?/cca.html?targetUrl=https://cochranelibrary.com/cca/doi/10.1002/cca.1025/fullMostre-me a resposta Até mesmo poucos anos de controle glicêmico intensivo se traduzem em taxas reduzidas de complicações micro e macrovasculares nos 10 anos seguintes.[127]Nathan DM, Genuth S, Lachin J; The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1993 Sep 30;329(14):977-86.
https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJM199309303291401
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8366922?tool=bestpractice.com
[132]Albers JW, Herman WH, Pop-Busui R, et al. Effect of prior intensive insulin treatment during the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) on peripheral neuropathy in type 1 diabetes during the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) Study. Diabetes Care. 2010 May;33(5):1090-6.
http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/33/5/1090.long
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20150297?tool=bestpractice.com
O National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) no Reino Unido recomenda manter a hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c) <48 mmol/mol (6.5%) para prevenir complicações na maioria das pacientes adultas não gestantes com diabetes do tipo 1.[36]National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Type 1 diabetes in adults: diagnosis and management. Jul 2021 [internet publication].
https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng17
[34]National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Diabetes (type 1 and type 2) in children and young people: diagnosis and management. Dec 2020 [internet publication].
https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng18
Metas menos estritas podem ser apropriadas para alguns grupos de pacientes, incluindo crianças.[45]American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes - 2021. Diabetes Care. 2021;44(suppl 1):S1-S232.
https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/44/Supplement_1
No geral, a doença cardiovascular é a principal causa de morte e uma das principais causas de morbidade para pacientes com diabetes; a terapia com estatinas pode reduzir o risco. Uma análise dos pacientes com diabetes do tipo 1 diagnosticados antes dos 15 anos de idade revelou que complicações agudas do diabetes foram a principal causa de óbito antes dos 30 anos. Após os 30 anos de idade, a doença cardiovascular foi predominante, embora o óbito atribuível a complicações agudas ainda tenha sido importante nessa faixa etária.[133]Gagnum V, Stene LC, Jenssen TG, et al. Causes of death in childhood-onset type 1 diabetes: long-term follow-up. Diabet Med. 2017 Jan;34(1):56-63.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26996105?tool=bestpractice.com
Com planejamento cuidadoso e tratamento adequado, a maioria das mulheres com diabetes do tipo 1 pode ter uma gestação bem-sucedida.