Referências
Principais artigos
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed, text revision (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2022.
World Health Organization. International statistical classification of diseases and health related problems (ICD). 11th revision. Jan 2022 [Internet publication].Texto completo
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Federal guidelines for opioid treatment programs. Mar 2015 [internet publication].Texto completo
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Drug misuse in over 16s: opioid detoxification. Jul 2007 (reaffirmed 2019) [internet publication].Texto completo
Gowing L, Ali R, White JM, et al. Buprenorphine for managing opioid withdrawal. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Feb 21;2(2):CD002025.Texto completo Resumo
Artigos de referência
1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed, text revision (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2022.
2. World Health Organization. International statistical classification of diseases and health related problems (ICD). 11th revision. Jan 2022 [Internet publication].Texto completo
3. National Institute on Drug Abuse. Commonly used drugs charts. Aug 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo
4. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. World drug report 2021: drug market trends - cannabis, opioids. Jun 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo
5. DeWeerdt S. Tracing the US opioid crisis to its roots. Nature. 2019 Sep;573(7773):S10-2.Texto completo Resumo
6. Humphreys K, Shover CL, Andrews CM, et al. Responding to the opioid crisis in North America and beyond: recommendations of the Stanford-Lancet Commission. Lancet. 2022 Feb 5;399(10324):555-604. Resumo
7. Hedegaard H, Miniño AM, Spencer MR, et al; National Center for Health Statistics. NCHS data brief: drug overdose deaths in the United States, 1999–2020. Dec 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo
8. Park TW, Saitz R, Ganoczy D, et al. Benzodiazepine prescribing patterns and deaths from drug overdose among US veterans receiving opioid analgesics: case-cohort study. BMJ. 2015 Jun 10;350:h2698.Texto completo Resumo
9. Sun EC, Dixit A, Humphreys K, et al. Association between concurrent use of prescription opioids and benzodiazepines and overdose: retrospective analysis. BMJ. 2017 Mar 14;356:j760.Texto completo Resumo
10. Jeffery MM, Hooten WM, Jena AB, et al. Rates of physician coprescribing of opioids and benzodiazepines after the release of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines in 2016. JAMA Netw Open. 2019 Aug 2;2(8):e198325.Texto completo Resumo
11. UK Health Security Agency. Shooting up: infections among people who inject drugs in the UK. Feb 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo
12. Blanco C, Volkow ND. Management of opioid use disorder in the USA: present status and future directions. Lancet. 2019 Apr 27;393(10182):1760-72. Resumo
13. Ko JY, D'Angelo DV, Haight SC, et al. Vital signs: prescription opioid pain reliever use during pregnancy - 34 U.S. jurisdictions, 2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Jul 17;69(28):897-903.Texto completo Resumo
14. Bateman BT, Hernandez-Diaz S, Straub L, et al. Association of first trimester prescription opioid use with congenital malformations in the offspring: population based cohort study. BMJ. 2021 Feb 10;372:n102.Texto completo Resumo
15. Latkin CA, Mandell W, Vlahov D, et al. The long-term outcome of a personal network-oriented HIV prevention intervention for injection drug users: the SAFE study. Am J Community Psychol. 1996 Jun;24(3):341-64. Resumo
16. Neaigus A, Miller M, Friedman SR, et al. Potential risk factors for the transition to injecting among non-injecting heroin users: a comparison of former injectors and never injectors. Addiction. 2001 Jun;96(6):847-60. Resumo
17. Callaly T, Trauer T, Munro L, et al. Prevalence of psychiatric disorder in a methadone maintenance population. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2001 Oct;35(5):601-5. Resumo
18. Krausz M, Degkwitz P, Kuhne A, et al. Comorbidity of opiate dependence and mental disorders. Addict Behav. 1998 Nov-Dec;23(6):767-83. Resumo
19. Milby JB, Sims MK, Khuder S, et al. Psychiatric comorbidity: prevalence in methadone maintenance treatment. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1996 Feb;22(1):95-107. Resumo
20. Regier DA, Farmer ME, Rae DS, et al. Comorbidity of mental disorders with alcohol and other drug abuse: results from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) study. JAMA. 1990 Nov 21;264(19):2511-8. Resumo
21. Klimas J, Gorfinkel L, Fairbairn N, et al. Strategies to identify patient risks of prescription opioid addiction when initiating opioids for pain: a systematic review. JAMA Netw Open. 2019 May 3;2(5):e193365.Texto completo Resumo
22. Buresh M, Stern R, Rastegar D. Treatment of opioid use disorder in primary care. BMJ. 2021 May 19;373:n784. Resumo
23. Crist RC, Reiner BC, Berrettini WH. A review of opioid addiction genetics. Curr Opin Psychol. 2019 Jun;27:31-5.Texto completo Resumo
24. Kosten TR, George TP. The neurobiology of opioid dependence: implications for treatment. Sci Pract Perspect. 2002 Jul;1(1):13-20.Texto completo Resumo
25. Koob GF, Le Moal M. Drug addiction, dysregulation of reward, and allostasis. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2001 Feb;24(2):97-129.Texto completo Resumo
26. Dawe S, Gray JA. Craving and drug reward: a comparison of methadone and clonidine in detoxifying opiate addicts. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1995 Oct;39(3):207-12. Resumo
27. Campbell G, Noghrehchi F, Nielsen S, et al. Risk factors for indicators of opioid-related harms amongst people living with chronic non-cancer pain: findings from a 5-year prospective cohort study. EClinicalMedicine. 2020 Nov;28:100592.Texto completo Resumo
28. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; Department of Health and Human Services. Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: results from the 2020 national survey on drug use and health. Oct 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo
29. Shanahan L, Hill SN, Bechtiger L, et al. Prevalence and childhood precursors of opioid use in the early decades of life. JAMA Pediatr. 2021 Mar 1;175(3):276-85.Texto completo Resumo
30. Wilton J, Abdia Y, Chong M, et al. Prescription opioid treatment for non-cancer pain and initiation of injection drug use: large retrospective cohort study. BMJ. 2021 Nov 18;375:e066965.Texto completo Resumo
31. Davis MA, Lin LA, Liu H, et al. Prescription opioid use among adults with mental health disorders in the United States. J Am Board Fam Med. 2017 Jul-Aug;30(4):407-17.Texto completo Resumo
32. Edlund MJ, Steffick D, Hudson T, et al. Risk factors for clinically recognized opioid abuse and dependence among veterans using opioids for chronic non-cancer pain. Pain. 2007 Jun;129(3):355-62. Resumo
33. Santo T Jr, Campbell G, Gisev N, et al. Exposure to childhood trauma increases risk of opioid use disorder among people prescribed opioids for chronic non-cancer pain. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2022 Jan 1;230:109199. Resumo
34. Fortson K, Rajbhandari-Thapa J, Ingels J, et al. Adverse childhood experiences, risk of opioid misuse and its pathway among students at a public university. J Am Coll Health. 2021 Nov 17:1-10. Resumo
35. Guarino H, Mateu-Gelabert P, Quinn K, et al. Adverse childhood experiences predict early initiation of opioid use behaviors. Front Sociol. 2021 May 13;6:620395.Texto completo Resumo
36. Griesler PC, Hu MC, Wall MM, et al. Assessment of prescription opioid medical use and misuse among parents and their adolescent offspring in the US. JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Jan 4;4(1):e2031073.Texto completo Resumo
37. Dowell D, Ragan KR, Jones CM, et al. CDC clinical practice guideline for prescribing opioids for pain - United States, 2022. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2022 Nov 4;71(3):1-95.Texto completo Resumo
38. Paice JA, Bohlke K, Barton D, et al. Use of opioids for adults with pain from cancer or cancer treatment: ASCO Guideline. J Clin Oncol. 5 Dec 2022 [Epub ahead of print].Texto completo Resumo
39. Compton WM, Jones CM, Baldwin GT, et al. Targeting youth to prevent later substance use disorder: an underutilized response to the US opioid crisis. Am J Public Health. 2019 Jun;109(s3):S185-9.Texto completo Resumo
40. Mitchell C, Dolan N, Dürsteler KM. Management of dependent use of illicit opioids. BMJ. 2020 Mar 9;368:m710. Resumo
41. Srivastava AB, Mariani JJ, Levin FR. New directions in the treatment of opioid withdrawal. Lancet. 2020 Jun 20;395(10241):1938-48.Texto completo Resumo
42. McLellan AT, Luborsky L, Woody GE, et al. An improved diagnostic evaluation instrument for substance abuse patients. The Addiction Severity Index. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1980 Jan;168(1):26-33. Resumo
43. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Clinical drug testing in primary care: technical assistance publication series TAP 32. 2012 [internet publication].Texto completo
44. Moeller KE, Lee KC, Kissack JC. Urine drug screening: practical guide for clinicians. Mayo Clin Proc. 2008 Jan;83(1):66-76.Texto completo Resumo
45. Mayo Clinic Laboratories. Methadone [internet publication].Texto completo
46. American Society of Addiction Medicine. The ASAM national practice guideline for the treatment of opioid use disorder: 2020 focused update. 2020 Mar/Apr;14(2S suppl 1):1-91.Texto completo Resumo
47. US Preventive Services Task Force. Unhealthy drug use: screening. Jun 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo
48. Hickman M, Lingford-Hughes A, Bailey C, et al. Does alcohol increase the risk of overdose death: the need for a translational approach. Addiction. 2008 Jul;103(7):1060-2. Resumo
49. Zacny JP, Lichtor SA. Nonmedical use of prescription opioids: motive and ubiquity issues. J Pain. 2008 Jun;9(6):473-86.Texto completo Resumo
50. Starrels JL, Becker WC, Alford DP, et al. Systematic review: treatment agreements and urine drug testing to reduce opioid misuse in patients with chronic pain. Ann Internal Med. 2010 Jun 1;152(11):712-20. Resumo
51. American College of Surgeons. Best practices guidelines: screening and intervention for mental health disorders and substance use and misuse in the acute trauma patient. Dec 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo
52. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Opioid use and opioid use disorder in pregnancy. Committee Opinion No 711. Aug 2017 (reaffirmed 2021) [internet publication].Texto completo
53. Ecker J, Abuhamad A, Hill W, et al. Substance use disorders in pregnancy: clinical, ethical, and research imperatives of the opioid epidemic: a report of a joint workshop of the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and American Society of Addiction Medicine. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019 Jul;221(1):B5-28.Texto completo Resumo
54. Edlund MJ, Martin BC, Russo JE, et al. The role of opioid prescription in incident opioid abuse and dependence among individuals with chronic noncancer pain: the role of opioid prescription. Clin J Pain. 2014 Jul;30(7):557-64.Texto completo Resumo
55. Sheehan DV, Lecrubier Y, Sheehan KH, et al. The mini-international neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. J Clin Psychiatry. 1998;59 (20 suppl):22-33;quiz 34-57. Resumo
56. Yudko E, Lozhkina O, Fouts A. A comprehensive review of the psychometric properties of the Drug Abuse Screening Test. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2007 Mar;32(2):189-98. Resumo
57. Rosenberg SD, Drake RE, Wolford GL, et al. Dartmouth Assessment of Lifestyle Instrument (DALI): a substance use disorder screen for people with severe mental illness. Am J Psychiatry. 1998 Feb;155(2):232-8. Resumo
58. Wickersham JA, Azar MM, Cannon CM, et al. Validation of a brief measure of opioid dependence: the rapid opioid dependence screen (RODS). J Correct Health Care. 2015 Jan;21(1):12-26.Texto completo Resumo
59. National Institute on Drug Abuse. Principles of drug addiction treatment: a research based guide. 3rd ed. Jan 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo
60. World Health Organization. Guidelines for the psychosocially assisted pharmacological treatment of opioid dependence. Geneva: WHO Press; 2009.Texto completo
61. Brecht ML, Hser YI, Anglin MD. A multimethod assessment of social intervention effects on narcotics use and property crime. Int J Addict. 1990-1991;25(11A):1317-40. Resumo
62. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Federal guidelines for opioid treatment programs. Mar 2015 [internet publication].Texto completo
63. Saber-Tehrani AS, Bruce RD, Altice FL. Pharmacokinetic drug interactions and adverse consequences between psychotropic medications and pharmacotherapy for the treatment of opioid dependence. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2011 Jan;37(1):1-11. Resumo
64. Mee-Lee D, Shulman GD, Fishman MJ, et al., (eds). The ASAM Criteria: treatment criteria for addictive, substance-related, and co-occurring conditions. 3rd ed. Carson City, NY: The Change Companies; 2013.
65. Galanter M, Kleber HD, eds. The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of substance abuse treatment. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2008.
66. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Drug misuse in over 16s: opioid detoxification. Jul 2007 (reaffirmed 2019) [internet publication].Texto completo
67. Gowing L, Farrell M, Ali R, et al. Alpha₂-adrenergic agonists for the management of opioid withdrawal. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 May 3;2016(5):CD002024.Texto completo Resumo
68. American College of Emergency Physicians Clinical Policies Subcommittee (writing committee) on opioids; Hatten BW, Cantrill SV, et al. Clinical policy: critical issues related to opioids in adult patients presenting to the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 2020 Sep;76(3):e13-39.Texto completo Resumo
69. Santo T Jr, Clark B, Hickman M, et al. Association of opioid agonist treatment with all-cause mortality and specific causes of death among people with opioid dependence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry. 2021 Sep 1;78(9):979-93.Texto completo Resumo
70. US Department of Veterans Affairs; Department of Defense. VA/DoD clinical practice guideline for the management of substance use disorders. Aug 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo
71. Zubieta J, Greenwald MK, Lombardi U, et al. Buprenorphine-induced changes in mu-opioid receptor availability in male heroin-dependent volunteers: a preliminary study. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2000 Sep;23(3):326-34.Texto completo Resumo
72. Blazes CK, Morrow JD. Reconsidering the usefulness of adding naloxone to buprenorphine. Front Psychiatry. 2020 Sep 11;11:549272.Texto completo Resumo
73. Gowing L, Ali R, White JM, et al. Buprenorphine for managing opioid withdrawal. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Feb 21;2(2):CD002025.Texto completo Resumo
74. Johnson RE, Fudala PJ, Jaffe JH. Outpatient comparison of buprenorphine and methadone maintenance. I. Effects on opiate use and self-reported adverse effects and withdrawal symptomatology. NIDA Res Monogr. 1990;105:585-6. Resumo
75. Fudala PJ, Johnson RE, Jaffe JH. Outpatient comparison of buprenorphine and methadone maintenance. II. Effects on cocaine usage, retention time in study and missed clinic visits. NIDA Res Monogr. 1990;105:587-8. Resumo
76. Johnson RE, McCagh JC. Buprenorphine and naloxone for heroin dependence. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2000 Dec;2(6):519-26. Resumo
77. Amato L, Davoli M, Minozzi S, et al. Methadone at tapered doses for the management of opioid withdrawal. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Feb 28;2013(2):CD003409.Texto completo Resumo
78. Caplehorn JR, Drummer OH. Mortality associated with New South Wales methadone programs in 1994: lives lost and saved. Med J Aust. 1999 Feb 1;170(3):104-9.Texto completo Resumo
79. Kleber HD, Topazian M, Gaspari J, et al. Clonidine and naltrexone in the outpatient treatment of heroin withdrawal. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1987;13(1-2):1-17. Resumo
80. Vining E, Kosten TR, Kleber HD. Clinical utility of rapid clonidine-naltrexone detoxification for opioid abusers. Br J Addict. 1988 May;83(5):567-75. Resumo
81. Meader N. A comparison of methadone, buprenorphine and alpha(2) adrenergic agonists for opioid detoxification: a mixed treatment comparison meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2010 Apr 1;108(1-2):110-4. Resumo
82. Huybrechts KF, Hernández-Díaz S, Straub L, et al. Association of Maternal First-Trimester Ondansetron Use With Cardiac Malformations and Oral Clefts in Offspring. JAMA. 2018 Dec 18;320(23):2429-37.Texto completo Resumo
83. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Management of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and hyperemesis gravidarum: green-top guideline no. 69. Jun 2016 [internet publication].Texto completo
84. Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. Ondansetron: small increased risk of oral clefts following use in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. Jan 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo
85. Amato L, Minozzi S, Davoli M, et al. Psychosocial and pharmacological treatments versus pharmacological treatments for opioid detoxification. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Sep 7;(9):CD005031.Texto completo Resumo
86. Broome KM, Joe GW, Simpson DD. HIV risk reduction in outpatient drug abuse treatment: individual and geographic differences. AIDS Educ Prev. 1999 Aug;11(4):293-306. Resumo
87. Longshore D, Hsieh S. Drug abuse treatment and risky sex: evidence for a cumulative treatment effect? Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1998 Aug;24(3):439-51. Resumo
88. Nielsen S, Tse WC, Larance B. Opioid agonist treatment for people who are dependent on pharmaceutical opioids. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Sep 5;9(9):CD011117.Texto completo Resumo
89. Mattick RP, Breen C, Kimber J, et al. Buprenorphine maintenance versus placebo or methadone maintenance for opioid dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Feb 6;(2):CD002207.Texto completo Resumo
90. Sordo L, Barrio G, Bravo MJ, et al. Mortality risk during and after opioid substitution treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. BMJ. 2017 Apr 26;357:j1550.Texto completo Resumo
91. Bruneau J, Ahamad K, Goyer MÈ, et al. Management of opioid use disorders: a national clinical practice guideline. CMAJ. 2018 Mar 5;190(9):E247-57.Texto completo Resumo
92. Fudala PJ, Bridge TP, Herbert S, et al. Office-based treatment of opiate addiction with a sublingual-tablet formulation of buprenorphine and naloxone. N Engl J Med. 2003 Sep 4;349(10):949-58.Texto completo Resumo
93. Schottenfeld RS, Pakes J, O'Connor P, et al. Thrice-weekly versus daily buprenorphine maintenance. Biol Psychiatry. 2000 Jun 15;47(12):1072-9. Resumo
94. Lofwall MR, Walsh SL, Nunes EV, et al. Weekly and monthly subcutaneous buprenorphine depot formulations vs daily sublingual buprenorphine with naloxone for treatment of opioid use disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Jun 1;178(6):764-73. Resumo
95. Breen CL, Harris SJ, Lintzeris N, et al. Cessation of methadone maintenance treatment using buprenorphine: transfer from methadone to buprenorphine and subsequent buprenorphine reductions. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2003 Jul 20;71(1):49-55. Resumo
96. Clark N, Lintzeris N, et al. Transferring from high doses of methadone to buprenorphine: a randomized trial of three different buprenorphine schedules. Presented at College on the Problems of Drug Dependence. Scottsdale, AZ; Jun 2006.
97. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Methadone and buprenorphine for the management of opioid dependence. Jan 2007 (reaffirmed Feb 2016) [internet publication].Texto completo
98. Zhang P, Tossone K, Ashmead R, et al. Examining differences in retention on medication for opioid use disorder: an analysis of Ohio Medicaid data. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2022 May;136:108686. Resumo
99. Washton AM, Pottash AC, Gold MS. Naltrexone in addicted business executives and physicians. J Clin Psychiatry. 1984 Sep;45(9 Pt 2):39-41. Resumo
100. Washton AM, Gold MS, Pottash AC. Successful use of naltrexone in addicted physicians and business executives. Adv Alcohol Subst Abuse. 1984 Winter;4(2):89-96. Resumo
101. Roth A, Hogan I, Farren C. Naltrexone plus group therapy for the treatment of opiate-abusing health-care professionals. J Subst Abuse Treat. 1997 Jan-Feb;14(1):19-22. Resumo
102. Brahen LS, Henderson RK, Capone T, et al. Naltrexone treatment in a jail work-release program. J Clin Psychiatry. 1984 Sep;45(9 pt 2):49-52. Resumo
103. Minozzi S, Amato L, Vecchi S, et al. Oral naltrexone maintenance treatment for opioid dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Apr 13;2011(4):CD001333.Texto completo Resumo
104. Krupitsky E, Nunes EV, Ling W, et al. Injectable extended-release naltrexone for opioid dependence: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre randomised trial. Lancet. 2011 Apr 30;377(9776):1506-13.Texto completo Resumo
105. Syed YY, Keating GM. Extended-release intramuscular naltrexone (VIVITROL®): a review of its use in the prevention of relapse to opioid dependence in detoxified patients. CNS Drugs. 2013 Oct;27(10):851-61. Resumo
106. Lee JD, Friedmann PD, Kinlock TW, et al. Extended-release naltrexone to prevent opioid relapse in criminal justice offenders. N Engl J Med. 2016 Mar 31;374(13):1232-42.Texto completo Resumo
107. Mitchell MC, Memisoglu A, Silverman BL. Hepatic safety of injectable extended-release naltrexone in patients with chronic hepatitis C and HIV infection. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2012 Nov;73(6):991-7. Resumo
108. Tanum L, Solli KK, Latif ZE, et al. Effectiveness of injectable extended-release naltrexone vs daily buprenorphine-naloxone for opioid dependence: a randomized clinical noninferiority trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2017 Dec 1;74(12):1197-205.Texto completo Resumo
109. Lee JD, Nunes EV Jr, Novo P, et al. Comparative effectiveness of extended-release naltrexone versus buprenorphine-naloxone for opioid relapse prevention (X:BOT): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2018 Jan 27;391(10118):309-18.Texto completo Resumo
110. Woody GE, McLellan AT, Luborsky L, et al. Psychotherapy in community methadone programs: a validation study. Am J Psychiatry. 1995 Sep;152(9):1302-8. Resumo
111. Dugosh K, Abraham A, Seymour B, et al. A systematic review on the use of psychosocial interventions in conjunction with medications for the treatment of opioid addiction. J Addict Med. 2016 Mar-Apr;10(2):93-103.Texto completo Resumo
112. Hruschak V, Cochran G, Wasan AD. Psychosocial interventions for chronic pain and comorbid prescription opioid use disorders: a narrative review of the literature. J Opioid Manag. 2018 Sep/Oct;14(5):345-58. Resumo
113. Avery N, McNeilage AG, Stanaway F, et al. Efficacy of interventions to reduce long term opioid treatment for chronic non-cancer pain: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2022 Apr 4;377:e066375.Texto completo Resumo
114. Garland EL, Hanley AW, Nakamura Y, et al. Mindfulness-oriented recovery enhancement vs supportive group therapy for co-occurring opioid misuse and chronic pain in primary care: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2022 Apr 1;182(4):407-17.Texto completo Resumo
115. McGovern R, Newham JJ, Addison MT, et al. Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for reducing parental substance misuse. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Mar 16;3(3):CD012823.Texto completo Resumo
116. Marsch LA, Bickel WK, Badger GJ, et al. Comparison of pharmacological treatments for opioid-dependent adolescents: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005 Oct;62(10):1157-64.Texto completo Resumo
117. Woody GE, Poole SA, Subramaniam G, et al. Extended vs. short-term buprenorphine-naloxone for treatment of opioid-addicted youth: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2008 Nov 5;300(17):2003-11.Texto completo Resumo
118. Feillin DA. Treatment of adolescent opioid dependence: no quick fix. JAMA. 2008 Nov 5;300(17):2057-9. Resumo
119. Hopfer CJ, Khuri E, Crowley TJ, et al. Adolescent heroin use: a review of the descriptive and treatment literature. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2002 Oct;23(3):231-37. Resumo
120. Marsch LA. Treatment of adolescents. In: Strain EC, Stitzer ML, eds. The treatment of opioid dependence. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press; 2005:497-507.
121. Dattel BJ. Substance abuse in pregnancy. Semin Perinatol. 1990 Apr;14(2):179-87. Resumo
122. World Health Organization. Guidelines for identification and management of substance use and substance use disorders in pregnancy. 2014 [internet publication].Texto completo
123. Terplan M, Laird HJ, Hand DJ, et al. Opioid detoxification during pregnancy: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol. 2018 May;131(5):803-14.Texto completo Resumo
124. Suarez EA, Huybrechts KF, Straub L, et al. Buprenorphine versus methadone for opioid use disorder in pregnancy. N Engl J Med. 2022 Dec 1;387(22):2033-44. Resumo
125. Brown HL, Britton KA, Mahaffey D, et al. Methadone maintenance in pregnancy: a reappraisal. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1998 Aug;179(2):459-63. Resumo
126. Lejeune C, Simmat-Durand L, Gourarier L, et al. Prospective multicenter observational study of 260 infants borne to 259 opiate-dependent mothers on methadone or high-dose buprenophine substitution. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2006 May 20;82(3):250-7. Resumo
127. Schindler SD, Eder H, Ortner R, et al. Neonatal outcome following buprenorphine maintenance during conception and throughout pregnancy. Addiction. 2003 Jan;98(1):103-10. Resumo
128. Hytinantti T, Kahila H, Renlund M, et al. Neonatal outcome of 58 infants exposed to maternal buprenorphine in utero. Acta Pediatr. 2008 Aug;97(8):1040-4. Resumo
129. Kakko J, Heilig M, Sarman I. Buprenorphine and methadone treatment of opiate dependence during pregnancy: comparison of fetal growth and neonatal outcomes in two consecutive case series. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2008 Jul 1;96(1-2):69-78. Resumo
130. Reece-Stremtan S, Marinelli KA. ABM clinical protocol #21: guidelines for breastfeeding and substance use or substance use disorder, revised 2015. Breastfeed Med. 2015 Apr;10(3):135-41. Resumo
131. Link HM, Jones H, Miller L, et al. Buprenorphine-naloxone use in pregnancy: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2020 Aug;2(3):100179. Resumo
132. Minozzi S, Amato L, Jahanfar S, et al. Maintenance agonist treatments for opiate-dependent pregnant women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Nov 9;11(11):CD006318.Texto completo Resumo
133. Amass L, Bickel WK, Higgins ST, et al. A preliminary investigation of outcome following gradual or rapid buprenorphine detoxification. J Addict Dis. 1994;13(3):33-45. Resumo
134. Ling W, Amass L, Shoptaw S, et al. A multi-center randomized trial of buprenorphine-naloxone versus clonidine for opioid detoxification: findings from the National Institute on Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network. Addiction. 2005 Aug;100(8):1090-100.Texto completo Resumo
135. Novick DM, Kreek MJ, Fanizza AM, et al. Methadone disposition in patients with chronic liver disease. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1981 Sep;30(3):353-62. Resumo
136. Kreek MJ, Schecter AJ, Gutjahr CL, et al. Methadone use in patients with chronic renal disease. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1980 Mar;5(3):197-205. Resumo
137. Dashe JS, Jackson GL, Olscher DA, et al. Opioid detoxification in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 1998 Nov;92(5):854-8. Resumo
138. McCarthy JJ, Leamon MH, Stenson G, et al. Outcomes of neonates conceived on methadone maintenance therapy. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2008 Sep;35(2):202-6. Resumo
139. Weiss RDP, Potter JS, Provost SE, et al. A multi-site, two-phase, Prescription Opioid Addiction Treatment Study (POATS): rationale, design, and methodology. Contemp Clin Trials. 2010 Mar;31(2):189-99.Texto completo Resumo
140. Flynn PM, Joe GW, Broome KM, et al. Recovery from opioid addiction in DATOS. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2003 Oct;25(3):177-86. Resumo
141. McLellan AT, Arndt IO, Metzger DS, et al. The effects of psychosocial services in substance abuse treatment. JAMA. 1993 Apr 21;269(15):1953-9. Resumo
142. Fiellin DA, Pantalon MV, Chawarski MC, et al. Counseling plus buprenorphine-naloxone maintenance therapy for opioid dependence. N Engl J Med. 2006 Jul 27;355(4):365-74.Texto completo Resumo
143. Fareed A, Casarella J, Amar R, et al. Methadone maintenance dosing guideline for opioid dependence, a literature review. J Addict Dis. 2010 Jan;29(1):1-14. Resumo
144. Fareed A, Vayalapalli S, Stout S, et al. Effect of methadone maintenance treatment on heroin craving, a literature review. J Addict Dis. 2011 Jan;30(1):27-38. Resumo
145. Rea F, Bell JR, Young MR, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of low dose naltrexone for the treatment of opioid dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2004 Jul 15;75(1):79-88. Resumo
146. Gish EC, Miller JL, Honey BL, et al. Lofexidine, an {alpha}2-receptor agonist for opioid detoxification. Ann Pharmacother. 2010 Feb;44(2):343-51. Resumo
147. O'Connor PG, Kosten TR. Rapid and ultrarapid opioid detoxification techniques. JAMA. 1998 Jan 21;279(3):229-34. Resumo
148. Gowing L, Ali R, White JM. Opioid antagonists under heavy sedation or anaesthesia for opioid withdrawal. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Jan 20;2010(1):CD002022.Texto completo Resumo
149. Robertson JR, Raab GM, Bruce M, et al. Addressing the efficacy of dihydrocodeine versus methadone as an alternative maintenance treatment for opiate dependence: a randomized controlled trial. Addiction. 2006 Dec;101(12):1752-9. Resumo
150. Carney T, Van Hout MC, Norman I, et al. Dihydrocodeine for detoxification and maintenance treatment in individuals with opiate use disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Feb 18;2(2):CD012254.Texto completo Resumo
151. Oviedo-Joekes E, March JC, Romero M, et al. The Andalusian trial on heroin-assisted treatment: a 2 year follow-up. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2010 Jan;29(1):75-80. Resumo
152. Oviedo-Joekes E, Guh D, Brissette S, et al. Effectiveness of diacetylmorphine versus methadone for the treatment of opioid dependence in women. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2010 Sep 1;111(1-2):50-7. Resumo
153. Karow A, Reimer J, Schäfer I, et al. Quality of life under maintenance treatment with heroin versus methadone in patients with opioid dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2010 Dec 1;112(3):209-15. Resumo
154. Ferri M, Davoli M, Perucci CA. Heroin maintenance for chronic heroin-dependent individuals. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Dec 7;2011(12):CD003410.Texto completo Resumo
155. Canadian Research Initiative in Substance Misuse. National injectable opioid agonist treatment for opioid use disorder clinical guideline. Sep 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo
156. Miranda A, Taca A. Neuromodulation with percutaneous electrical nerve field stimulation is associated with reduction in signs and symptoms of opioid withdrawal: a multisite, retrospective assessment. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2018;44(1):56-63.Texto completo Resumo
157. Beck T, Haasen C, Verthein U, et al. Maintenance treatment for opioid dependence with slow-release oral morphine: a randomized cross-over, non-inferiority study versus methadone. Addiction. 2014 Apr;109(4):617-26.Texto completo Resumo
158. Hämmig R, Köhler W, Bonorden-Kleij K, et al. Safety and tolerability of slow-release oral morphine versus methadone in the treatment of opioid dependence. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2014 Oct;47(4):275-81. Resumo
159. Klimas J, Gorfinkel L, Giacomuzzi SM, et al. Slow release oral morphine versus methadone for the treatment of opioid use disorder. BMJ Open. 2019 Apr 2;9(4):e025799.Texto completo Resumo
160. Lehmann K, Kuhn S, Baschirotto C, et al. Substitution treatment for opioid dependence with slow-release oral morphine: retention rate, health status, and substance use after switching to morphine. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2021 Aug;127:108350. Resumo
161. Dunn KE, Tompkins DA, Bigelow GE, et al. Efficacy of tramadol extended-release for opioid withdrawal: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2017 Sep 1;74(9):885-93.Texto completo Resumo
162. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. How can contingency management support treatment for substance use disorders? A systematic review. 2016 [internet publication].Texto completo
163. Bolívar HA, Klemperer EM, Coleman SRM, et al. Contingency management for patients receiving medication for opioid use disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry. 2021 Oct 1;78(10):1092-102.Texto completo Resumo
164. Powell VD, Rosenberg JM, Yaganti A, et al. Evaluation of buprenorphine rotation in patients receiving long-term opioids for chronic pain: a systematic review. JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Sep 1;4(9):e2124152.Texto completo Resumo
165. Larney S, Tran LT, Leung J, et al. All-cause and cause-specific mortality among people using extramedical opioids: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry. 2020 May 1;77(5):493-502.Texto completo Resumo
166. McLellan AT, Luborsky L, Woody GE, et al. Predicting response to alcohol and drug abuse treatments: role of psychiatric severity. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1983 Jun;40(6):620-5. Resumo
167. McLellan AT, Lewis DC, O'Brien CP, et al. Drug dependence, a chronic medical illness: implications for treatment, insurance, and outcomes evaluation. JAMA. 2000 Oct 4;284(13):1689-95. Resumo
168. Osterwalder JJ. Naloxone - for intoxications with intravenous heroin and heroin mixtures - harmless or hazardous? A prospective clinical study. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1996;34(4):409-16. Resumo
169. Berlot G, Gullo A, Romano E, et al. Naloxone in cardiorespiratory arrest. Anaesthesia. 1985 Aug;40(8):819. Resumo
170. Mills CA, Flacke JW, Flacke WE, et al. Narcotic reversal in hypercapnic dogs: comparison of naloxone and nalbuphine. Can J Anaesth. 1990 Mar;37(2):238-44. Resumo
171. Stork CM, Redd JT, Fine K, et al. Propoxyphene-induced wide QRS complex dysrhythmia responsive to sodium bicarbonate - a case report. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1995;33(2):179-83. Resumo
172. Sporer KA. Acute heroin overdose. Ann Intern Med. 1999 Apr 6;130(7):584-90. Resumo
173. Keen C, Kinner SA, Young JT, et al. Periods of altered risk for non-fatal drug overdose: a self-controlled case series. Lancet Public Health. 2021 Apr;6(4):e249-59.Texto completo Resumo
174. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; US Public Health Service. Preexposure prophylaxis for the prevention of HIV infection in the United States - 2021 update: a clinical practice guideline. 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo
175. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Adult immunization schedule: recommendations for ages 19 years or older, United States, 2024. Nov 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo
176. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Drugs. Neonatal drug withdrawal. Pediatrics. 1998 Jun;101(6):1079-88. Resumo
177. Finnegan LP, Connaughton JF Jr, Kron RE, et al. Neonatal abstinence syndrome: assessment and management. Addict Dis. 1975;2(1-2):141-58. Resumo
178. Patrick SW, Barfield WD, Poindexter BB, et al. Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome. Pediatrics. 2020 Nov;146(5):e2020029074.Texto completo Resumo
179. Zankl A, Martin J, Davey JG, et al. Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 May 18;5:CD002053.Texto completo Resumo
180. Zankl A, Martin J, Davey JG, et al. Opioid treatment for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Jul 7;7(7):CD002059.Texto completo Resumo
181. Kraft WK, Gibson E, Dysart K, et al. Sublingual buprenorphine for treatment of neonatal abstinence syndrome: a randomized trial. Pediatrics. 2008 Sep;122(3):e601-7. Resumo
182. Kraft WK, Adeniyi-Jones SC, Chervoneva I, et al. Buprenorphine for the treatment of the neonatal abstinence syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2017 Jun 15;376(24):2341-8.Texto completo Resumo
183. de Vries F, Bruin M, Lobatto DJ, et al. Opioids and their endocrine effects: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Mar 1;105(3):1020-9.Texto completo Resumo
184. Jarvis M, Williams J, Hurford M, et al. Appropriate use of drug testing in clinical addiction medicine. J Addict Med. 2017 May/Jun;11(3):163-73.Texto completo Resumo
185. Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. Evidence of harm from fentanyl-contaminated heroin. Apr 2017 [internet publication].Texto completo
186. Lyndon A, Audrey S, Wells C, et al. Risk to heroin users of polydrug use of pregabalin or gabapentin. Addiction. 2017 Sep;112(9):1580-89.Texto completo Resumo
187. Horsfall JT, Sprague JE. The pharmacology and toxicology of the 'holy trinity'. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2017 Feb;120(2):115-9.Texto completo Resumo
188. Gomes T, Juurlink DN, Antoniou T, et al. Gabapentin, opioids, and the risk of opioid-related death: a population-based nested case-control study. PLoS Med. 2017 Oct;14(10):e1002396.Texto completo Resumo
189. Fry C, Dietze P, Crofts N. Naloxone distribution: remembering hepatitis C transmission as an issue. Addiction. 2000 Dec;95(12):1865-6. Resumo
190. Fischer B, Hayden B, Rehm J, et al. Injection drug use and the hepatitis C virus: considerations for a targeted treatment approach: the case study of Canada. J. Urban Health. 2004 Sep;81(3):428-47.Texto completo Resumo
191. Torbenson M, Kannangai R, Astemborski J, et al. High prevalence of occult hepatitis B in Baltimore injection drug users. Hepatology. 2004 Jan;39(1):51-7. Resumo
192. Coppola RC, Manconi PE, Piro R, et al. HCV, HIV, HBV, and HDV infections in intravenous drug addicts. Eur J Epidemiol. 1994 Jun;10(3):279-83. Resumo
O uso deste conteúdo está sujeito ao nosso aviso legal