Referências
Principais artigos
Brand FN, Larson MG, Kannel WB, et al. The occurrence of Raynaud's phenomenon in a general population: the Framingham Study. Vasc Med. 1997;2:296-230. Resumo
Fernández-Codina A, Walker KM, Pope JE, et al. Treatment algorithms for systemic sclerosis according to experts. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2018 Nov;70(11):1820-8.Texto completo Resumo
Artigos de referência
1. Herrick A. Pathogenesis of Raynaud's phenomenon. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2005;44:587-596.Texto completo Resumo
2. White CR, Haidekker MA, Stevens HY, et al. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation and endothelin-1 production in human endothelial cells exposed to vibration. J Physiol. 2004;555(Pt 2):565-572.Texto completo Resumo
3. Garner R, Kumari R, Lanyon P, et al. Prevalence, risk factors and associations of primary Raynaud's phenomenon: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. BMJ Open. 2015 Mar 16;5(3):e006389.Texto completo Resumo
4. Belch J, Carlizza A, Carpentier PH, et al. ESVM guidelines - the diagnosis and management of Raynaud's phenomenon. Vasa. 2017 Oct;46(6):413-23.Texto completo Resumo
5. Brand FN, Larson MG, Kannel WB, et al. The occurrence of Raynaud's phenomenon in a general population: the Framingham Study. Vasc Med. 1997;2:296-230. Resumo
6. Maricq HR, Carpentier PH, Weinrich MC, et al. Geographic variation in the prevalence of Raynaud's phenomenon: a 5 region comparison. J Rheumatol. 1997 May;24(5):879-89. Resumo
7. Flavahan NA, Flavahan S, Liu Q, et al. Increased alpha2-adrenergic constriction of isolated arterioles in diffuse scleroderma. Arthritis Rheum. 2000;43:1886-1890.Texto completo Resumo
8. Wigley FM. Raynaud's phenomenon. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 1993;5:773-784. Resumo
9. Pistorius MA, Planchon B, Schott JJ, et al. Heredity and genetic aspects of Raynaud's disease. J Mal Vasc. 2006;31:10-15. Resumo
10. Smyth AE, Hughes AE, Bruce IN, et al. A case-control study of candidate vasoactive mediator genes in primary Raynaud's phenomenon. Rheumatology (Oxford). 1999;38:1094-1098.Texto completo Resumo
11. Freedman RR, Mayes MD. Familial aggregation of primary Raynaud's disease. Arthritis Rheum. 1996;39:1189-1191. Resumo
12. Eliasson K, Danielson M, Hylander B, et al. Raynaud's phenomenon caused by beta-receptor blocking drugs. Improvement after treatment with a combined alpha- and beta-blocker. Acta Med Scand. 1984;215:333-339. Resumo
13. Brotzu G, Falchi S, Mannu B, et al. The importance of presynaptic beta receptors in Raynaud's phenomenon. J Vasc Surg. 1989;9:767. Resumo
14. Herrick A. Treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon: new insights and developments. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2003;5:168-174. Resumo
15. Pope JE, Al-Bishri J, Al-Azem H, et al. The temporal relationship of Raynaud's phenomenon and features of connective tissue disease in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2008;35:2329-2333. Resumo
16. Lalani S, Pope J, de Leon F, et al. Clinical features and prognosis of late-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: results from the 1000 faces of lupus study. J Rheumatol. 2010;37:38-44. Resumo
17. Ramos-Casals M, Anaya JM, García-Carrasco M, et al. Cutaneous vasculitis in primary Sjögren syndrome: classification and clinical significance of 52 patients. Medicine (Baltimore). 2004;83:96-106. Resumo
18. García-Carrasco M, Sisó A, Ramos-Casals M, et al. Raynaud's phenomenon in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Prevalence and clinical characteristics in a series of 320 patients. J Rheumatol. 2002;29:726-730. Resumo
19. Parodi A, Caproni M, Marzano AV, et al. Dermatomyositis in 132 patients with different clinical subtypes: cutaneous signs, constitutional symptoms and circulating antibodies. Acta Derm Venereol. 2002;82:48-51. Resumo
20. Grader-Beck T, Wigley FM. Raynaud's phenomenon in mixed connective tissue disease. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2005;31:465-481. Resumo
21. Hong P, Pope JE, Ouimet JM, et al. Erectile dysfunction associated with scleroderma: a case-control study of men with scleroderma and rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2004;31:508-513. Resumo
22. Taylor W. Hand-arm vibration syndrome: a new clinical classification and an updated British standard guide for hand transmitted vibration. Br J Ind Med. 1988;45:281-282. Resumo
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25. Paraskevas KI, Liapis CD, Briana DD, et al. Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease): searching for a therapeutic strategy. Angiology. 2007;58:75-84. Resumo
26. Suter LG, Murabito JM, Felson DT, et al. Smoking, alcohol consumption, and Raynaud's phenomenon in middle age. Am J Med. 2007;120:264-267. Resumo
27. Moore TL, Roberts C, Murray AK, et al. Reliability of dermoscopy in the assessment of patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2010;49:542-547. Resumo
28. Boin F, Wigley FM. Understanding, assessing and treating Raynaud's phenomenon. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2005;17:752-760. Resumo
29. Baron M, Bell M, Bookman A, et al. Office capillaroscopy in systemic sclerosis. Clin Rheumatol. 2006;26:1268-1274. Resumo
30. Huisstede BM, Hoogvliet P, Paulis WD, et al. Effectiveness of interventions for secondary Raynaud's phenomenon: a systematic review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2011;92:1166-1180. Resumo
31. Ennis H, Hughes M, Anderson ME, et al. Calcium channel blockers for primary Raynaud's phenomenon. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Feb 25;2:CD002069.Texto completo Resumo
32. Rirash F, Tingey PC, Harding SE, et al. Calcium channel blockers for primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Dec 13;12:CD000467.Texto completo Resumo
33. Roustit M, Blaise S, Allanore Y, et al. Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors for the treatment of secondary Raynaud's phenomenon: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72:1696-1699. Resumo
34. Thompson AE, Pope JE. Calcium channel blockers for primary Raynaud's phenomenon: a meta-analysis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2005;44:145-150.Texto completo Resumo
35. Gliddon AE, Doré CJ, Black CM, et al. Prevention of vascular damage in scleroderma and autoimmune Raynaud's phenomenon: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor quinapril. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56:3837-3846.Texto completo Resumo
36. Herrick AL, van den Hoogen F, Gabrielli A, et al. Modified-release sildenafil reduces Raynaud's phenomenon attack frequency in limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum. 2011;63:775-782.Texto completo Resumo
37. Fries R, Shariat K, von Wilmowsky H, et al. Sildenafil in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon resistant to vasodilatory therapy. Circulation. 2005;112:2980-2985.Texto completo Resumo
38. Shenoy PD, Kumar S, Jha LK, et al. Efficacy of tadalafil in secondary Raynaud's phenomenon resistant to vasodilator therapy: a double-blind randomized cross-over trial. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2010;49:2420-2428. Resumo
39. Caglayan E, Axmann S, Hellmich M, et al. Vardenafil for the treatment of Raynaud phenomenon: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172:1182-1184. Resumo
40. De LaVega AJ, Derk CT. Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors for the treatment of Raynaud's: a novel indication. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2009;18:23-29. Resumo
41. Lee EY, Park JK, Lee W, et al. Head-to-head comparison of udenafil vs amlodipine in the treatment of secondary Raynaud's phenomenon: a double-blind, randomized, cross-over study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2014;53:658-664. Resumo
42. Abou-Raya A, Abou-Raya S, Helmii M. Statins: potentially useful in therapy of systemic sclerosis-related Raynaud's phenomenon and digital ulcers. J Rheumatol. 2008;35:1801-1808. Resumo
43. Varga J. New hope for systemic sclerosis patients with digital ulcers. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2005;7:127. Resumo
44. Korn JH, Mayes M, Matucci Cerinic M, et al. Digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis: prevention by treatment with bosentan, an oral endothelin receptor antagonist. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50:3985-3993.Texto completo Resumo
45. Seibold JR, Matucci-Cerinic M, Denton CP, et al. Bosentan reduces the number of new digital ulcers in patients with systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006;65(suppl II):90.
46. Wigley FM, Seibold JR, Wise RA, et al. Intravenous iloprost treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon and ischemic ulcers secondary to systemic sclerosis. J Rheumatol. 1992;19:1407-1414. Resumo
47. Wigley FM, Wise RA, Seibold JR, et al. Intravenous iloprost infusion in patients with Raynaud phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosis. A multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Ann Intern Med. 1994;120:199-206. Resumo
48. Wasserman A, Brahn E. Systemic sclerosis: bilateral improvement of Raynaud's phenomenon with unilateral digital sympathectomy. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2010;40:137-146. Resumo
49. Challenor VF, Waller DG, Hayward RA, et al. Vibrotactile sensation and response to nifedipine dose titration in primary Raynaud's phenomenon. Angiology. 1989;40:122-128. Resumo
50. DiGiacomo RA, Kremer JM, Shah DM. Fish-oil dietary supplementation in patients with Raynaud's: a double-blind, controlled, prospective study. Am J Med. 1989;68:158-164. Resumo
51. Muir AH, Robb R, McLaren M, et al. The use of Ginkgo biloba in Raynaud's disease: a double-blind placebo controlled trial. Vasc Med. 2002;7:265-267. Resumo
52. Bredie SJ, Jong MC. No significant effect of ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 in the treatment of primary Raynaud phenomenon: a randomized controlled trial. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2012;59:215-221. Resumo
53. Appiah R, Hiller S, Caspary L, et al. Treatment of primary Raynaud's syndrome with traditional Chinese acupuncture. J Intern Med. 1997;241:119. Resumo
54. Al-Awami M, Schillinger M, Maca T, et al. Low-level laser therapy treatment of primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon. Vasa. 2004;33:25-29. Resumo
55. Ko GD, Berbrayer D. Effect of ceramic-impregnated "thermoflow" gloves on patients with Raynaud's syndrome: randomized, placebo-controlled study. Altern Med Rev. 2002;7:328-335.Texto completo Resumo
56. Malenfant D, Catton M, Pope JE. The efficacy of complementary and alternative medicine in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon: a literature review and meta-analysis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2009;48:791-795. Resumo
57. Hélou J, Moutran R, Maatouk I, et al. Raynaud's phenomenon and vitamin D. Rheumatol Int. 2013;33:751-755. Resumo
58. Fernández-Codina A, Walker KM, Pope JE, et al. Treatment algorithms for systemic sclerosis according to experts. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2018 Nov;70(11):1820-8.Texto completo Resumo
59. Pope JE, Black C, Matucci-Cerinic M, et al. Functional correlates of reduction of digital ulcers by bosentan therapy in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54(suppl):S740.Texto completo
60. Bello RJ, Cooney CM, Melamed E, et al. The therapeutic efficacy of botulinum toxin in treating scleroderma-associated Raynaud's phenomenon: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017;69:1661-1669. Resumo
61. Iorio ML, Masden DL, Higgins JP. Botulinum toxin A treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon: a review. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2012;41:599-603. Resumo
62. Neumeister MW, Chambers CB, Herron MS, et al. Botox therapy for ischemic digits. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009;124:191-201. Resumo
63. Jenkins SN, Neyman KM, Veledar E, et al. A pilot study evaluating the efficacy of botulinum toxin A in the treatment of Raynaud phenomenon. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013;69:834-835.Texto completo Resumo
64. Kim DC, Lee CE. NXCL-4950, a novel composite applicable to peripheral skin, is capable of increasing skin temperature by enhancing capillary circulation. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2013;38:244-250. Resumo
65. Pope J, Fenlon D, Thompson A, et al. Ketanserin for Raynaud's phenomenon in progressive systemic sclerosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 1998;(2):CD000954.Texto completo Resumo
66. Fava A, Wung PK, Wigley FM, et al. Efficacy of Rho kinase inhibitor fasudil in secondary Raynaud's phenomenon. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2012;64:925-929. Resumo
67. Spencer-Green G. Outcomes in primary Raynaud phenomenon: a meta-analysis of the frequency, rates, and predictors of transition to secondary diseases. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158:595-600.Texto completo Resumo
68. Khanna D, Denton C, Merkel PA, et al. Macitentan in systemic sclerosis associated with ischemic digital ulcers: results from two large randomized controlled trials. JAMA. In press.
69. Black C, Denton CP, Furst DE, et al. Bosentan reduces the number of new digital ulcers in patients with systemic sclerosis: open-label extension to a double-blind trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006;65(suppl II):384.
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