Pneumonia por Pneumocystis jirovecii

Referências

Principais artigos

Palella FJ, Delaney KM, Moorman FC, et al. Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med. 1998 Mar 26;338(13):853-60.Texto completo  Resumo

National Institutes of Health; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America; Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society; American Academy of Pediatrics. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in childrenwith and exposed to HIV: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. 2013 [internet publication].Texto completo

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Institutes of Health; HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. Mar 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

Taplitz RA, Kennedy EB, Bow EJ, et al. Antimicrobial prophylaxis for adult patients with cancer-related immunosuppression: ASCO and IDSA clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Oct 20;36(30):3043-54.Texto completo  Resumo

Tomblyn M, Chiller T, Einsele H, et al. Guidelines for preventing infectious complications among hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients: a global perspective. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2009 Oct;15(10):1143-238.Texto completo  Resumo

Fishman JA, Gans H, AST Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. Pneumocystis jiroveci in solid organ transplantation: guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. Clin Transplant. 2019 Sep;33(9):e13587. Resumo

Limper AH, Knox KS, Sarosi GA, et al. An official American Thoracic Society statement: treatment of fungal infections in adult pulmonary and critical care patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011 Jan 1;183(1):96-128.Texto completo  Resumo

Ewald H, Raatz H, Boscacci R, et al. Adjunctive corticosteroids for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in patients with HIV infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Apr 2;(4):CD006150.Texto completo  Resumo

Cooley L, Dendle C, Wolf J, et al. Consensus guidelines for diagnosis, prophylaxis and management of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with haematological and solid malignancies, 2014. Intern Med J. 2014 Dec;44(12b):1350-63.Texto completo  Resumo

Maertens J, Cesaro S, Maschmeyer G, et al. ECIL guidelines for preventing Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with haematological malignancies and stem cell transplant recipients. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2016 Sep;71(9):2397-404.Texto completo  Resumo

Classen AY, Henze L, von Lilienfeld-Toal M, et al. Primary prophylaxis of bacterial infections and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with hematologic malignancies and solid tumors: 2020 updated guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Working Party of the German Society of Hematology and Medical Oncology (AGIHO/DGHO). Ann Hematol. 2021 Jun;100(6):1603-1620.Texto completo  Resumo

Artigos de referência

1. Palella FJ, Delaney KM, Moorman FC, et al. Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med. 1998 Mar 26;338(13):853-60.Texto completo  Resumo

2. Kaplan JE, Hanson D, Dworkin MS, et al. Epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus-associated opportunistic infections in the US in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Apr;30(suppl 1):S5-14.Texto completo  Resumo

3. Morris A, Lundgren JD, Masur H, et al. Current epidemiology of Pneumocystis pneumonia. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004 Oct;10(10):1713-20. Resumo

4. Low A, Gavriilidis G, Larke N, et al. Incidence of Opportunistic Infections and the Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy Among HIV-Infected Adults in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Jun 15;62(12):1595-1603.Texto completo  Resumo

5. Limper AH, Adenis A, Le T, et al. Fungal infections in HIV/AIDS. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017 Nov;17(11):e334-43.Texto completo  Resumo

6. Kolbrink B, Scheikholeslami-Sabzewari J, Borzikowsky C, et al. Evolving epidemiology of pneumocystis pneumonia: Findings from a longitudinal population-based study and a retrospective multi-center study in Germany. Lancet Reg Health Eur. 2022 Jul;18:100400.Texto completo  Resumo

7. Weverling GJ, Mocroft A, Ledergerber B, et al. Discontinuation of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis after start of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 infection. EuroSIDA Study Group. Lancet. 1999 Apr 17;353(9161):1293-8. Resumo

8. Buchacz K, Lau B, Jing Y, et al. Incidence of AIDS-defining opportunistic infections in a multicohort analysis of HIV-infected persons in the United States and Canada, 2000-2010. J Infect Dis. 2016 Sep 15;214(6):862-72.Texto completo  Resumo

9. Turvey SL, Bagshaw SM, Eurich DT, et al. Epidemiology and Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in the Era of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2017;2017:7868954.Texto completo  Resumo

10. Kim JH, Psevdos G Jr, Gonzalez E, et al. All-cause mortality in hospitalized HIV-infected patients at an acute tertiary care hospital with a comprehensive outpatient HIV care program in New York City in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Infection. 2013 Apr;41(2):545-51. Resumo

11. Phair J, Munoz A, Detels R, et al. The risk of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among men infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1990 Jan 18;322(3):161-5. Resumo

12. Stansell JD, Osmond DH, Charlebois E, et al. Predictors of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV-infected persons. Pulmonary Complications of HIV Infection Study Group. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997 Jan;155(1):60-6. Resumo

13. Pulvirenti J, Herrera P, Venkataraman P, et al. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV-infected patients in the HAART era. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2003 Jun;17(6):261-5. Resumo

14. Lundberg BE, Davidson AJ, Burman WJ. Epidemiology of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an era of effective prophylaxis: the relative contribution of non-adherence and drug failure. AIDS. 2000 Nov 10;14(16):2559-66. Resumo

15. Huang L, Hecht FM. Why does Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia still occur? AIDS. 2000 Nov 10;14(16):2611-2. Resumo

16. López-Sánchez C, Falcó V, Burgos J, et al. Epidemiology and long-term survival in HIV-infected patients with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in the HAART era:experience in a university hospital and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015 Mar;94(12):e681.Texto completo  Resumo

17. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). HIV prevalence estimates: United States, 2006. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2008 Oct 3;57(39):1073-6.Texto completo  Resumo

18. Fisk DT, Meshnick, S, Kazanjian PH. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients in the developing world who have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Clin Infect Dis. 2003 Jan 1;36(1):70-8. Resumo

19. B-Lajoie MR, Drouin O, Bartlett G, et al. Incidence and Prevalence of Opportunistic and Other Infections and the Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy Among HIV-infected Children in Low- and Middle-income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Jun 15;62(12):1586-1594.Texto completo  Resumo

20. Nesheim SR Kopogiannis BG, Soe SM, et al. Trends in opportunistic infections in the pre- and post-highly active antiretroviral therapy eras among HIV-infected children in the Perinatal AIDS Collaborative Transmission Study, 1986-2004. Pediatrics. 2007 Jul;120(1):100-9. Resumo

21. Kovacs A, Frederick T, Church J, et al. CD4 T-lymphocyte counts and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in pediatric HIV infection. JAMA. 1991 Apr 3;265(13):1698-703. Resumo

22. National Institutes of Health; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America; Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society; American Academy of Pediatrics. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in childrenwith and exposed to HIV: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. 2013 [internet publication].Texto completo

23. Lowe DM, Rangaka MX, Gordon F, et al. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in tropical and low and middle income countries: a systematic review and meta-regression. PLoS One. 2013;8(8):e69969.Texto completo  Resumo

24. Falagas ME, Manta KG, Betsi GI, et al. Infection-related morbidity and mortality in patients with connective tissue diseases: a systematic review. Clin Rheumatol. 2007 May;26(5):663-70. Resumo

25. Yale SH, Limper AH. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: associated illness and prior corticosteroid therapy. Mayo Clin Proc. 1996 Jan;71(1):5-13. Resumo

26. Fillatre P, Decaux O, Jouneau S, et al. Incidence of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia among groups at risk in HIV-negative patients. Am J Med. 2014 Dec;127(12):1242.e11-7. Resumo

27. Bienvenu AL, Traore K, Plekhanova I, et al. Pneumocystis pneumonia suspected cases in 604 non-HIV and HIV patients. Int J Infect Dis. 2016 May;46:11-7. Resumo

28. Ling C, Qian S, Wang Q, et al. Pneumocystis pneumonia in non-HIV children: a 10-year retrospective study. Clin Respir J. 2018 Jan;12(1):16-22. Resumo

29. Maini R, Henderson KL, Sheridan EA, et al. Increasing Pneumocystis pneumonia, England, UK, 2000-2010. Emerg Infect Dis. 2013 Mar;19(3):386-92.Texto completo  Resumo

30. Martin-Garrido I, Carmona EM, Specks U, et al. Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients treated with rituximab. 2013 Jul;144(1):258-65.Texto completo  Resumo

31. Stern A, Green H, Paul M, et al. Prophylaxis for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in non-HIV immunocompromised patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Oct 1;(10):CD005590.Texto completo  Resumo

32. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Institutes of Health; HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. Mar 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

33. Edman JC, Kovacs JA, Masur H, et al. Ribosomal RNA sequence shows Pneumocystis carinii to be a member of the fungi. Nature. 1988 Aug 11;334(6182):519-22. Resumo

34. Stringer JR, Cushion MT, Wakefield AE. New nomenclature for the genus Pneumocystis. J Eukaryot Microbiol. 2001;(suppl):184S-9S. Resumo

35. Stringer JR, Beard CB, Miller RF, et al. A new name (Pneumocystis jiroveci) for Pneumocystis from humans. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Sep;8(9):891-6.Texto completo  Resumo

36. Limper AH, Offord KP, Smith TF, et al. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Differences in lung parasite number and inflammation in patients with and without AIDS. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1989 Nov;140(5):1204-9. Resumo

37. Leoung GS. Pneumocystosis and HIV. HIV InSite Knowledge Base. Jan 2006 [internet publication].Texto completo

38. Harigai M, Koike R, Miyasaka M, et al. Pneumocystis pneumonia associated with infliximab in Japan. N Engl J Med. 2007 Nov 1;357(18):1874-6. Resumo

39. Imaizumi K, Sugishita M, Usui M, et al. Pulmonary infectious complications associated with anti-TNFalpha therapy (infliximab) for rheumatoid arthritis. Intern Med. 2006;45(10):685-8. Resumo

40. Kalyoncu U, Karadag O, Akdogan A, et al. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a rheumatoid arthritis patient treated with adalimumab. Scand J Infect Dis. 2007;39(5):475-8. Resumo

41. Lahiff C, Khiaron OB, Nolan N, et al. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient on etanercept for psoriatic arthritis. Ir J Med Sci. 2007 Dec;176(4):309-11. Resumo

42. Mori S, Imamura S, Fiyofiji C, et al. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis as a complication of treatment with infliximab, anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha neutralizing antibody. Mod Rheumatol. 2006;16(1):58-62. Resumo

43. Salzer HJF, Schäfer G, Hoenigl M, et al. Clinical, diagnostic, and treatment disparities between HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected immunocompromised patients with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. Respiration. 2018;96(1):52-65.Texto completo  Resumo

44. Bonilla FA, Khan DA, Ballas ZK, et al. Practice parameter for the diagnosis and management of primary immunodeficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015 Nov;136(5):1186-205.e1-78.Texto completo  Resumo

45. Ognibene FP, Shelhamer JH, Hoffman GS, et al. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a major complication of immunosuppressive therapy in patients with Wegeners granulomatosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995 Mar;151(3 Pt 1):795-9. Resumo

46. Green H, Paul M, Vidal J, et al. Prophylaxis of Pneumocystis pneumonia in immunocompromised non-HIV-infected patients: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Mayo Clinic Proc. 2007 Sep;82(9):1052-9. Resumo

47. Taplitz RA, Kennedy EB, Bow EJ, et al. Antimicrobial prophylaxis for adult patients with cancer-related immunosuppression: ASCO and IDSA clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Oct 20;36(30):3043-54.Texto completo  Resumo

48. Tomblyn M, Chiller T, Einsele H, et al. Guidelines for preventing infectious complications among hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients: a global perspective. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2009 Oct;15(10):1143-238.Texto completo  Resumo

49. Fishman JA, Gans H, AST Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. Pneumocystis jiroveci in solid organ transplantation: guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. Clin Transplant. 2019 Sep;33(9):e13587. Resumo

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51. Olsson M, Lidman C, Latouche S, et al. Identification of Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis gene sequences in filtered air in hospital environments. J Clin Microbiol. 1998 Jun;36(6):1737-40. Resumo

52. Schmoldt S, Schuhegger R, Wendler T, et al. Molecular evidence of nosocomial Pneumocystis jiroveci transmission among 16 patients after kidney transplantation. J Clin Microbiol. 2008 Mar;46(3):966-71. Resumo

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54. Zheng M, Shellito JE, Marrero L, et al. CD4+ T cell-independent vaccination against Pneumocystis carinii in mice. J Clin Invest. 2001 Nov;108(10):1469-74. Resumo

55. Wells J, Haidaris CG, Wright TW, et al. Active immunization against Pneumocystis carinii with a recombinant P. carinii antigen. Infect Immunol. 2006 Apr;74(4):2446-8. Resumo

56. Theus SA, Smulian AG, Steele P, et al. Immunization with the major surface glycoprotein of Pneumocystis carinii elicits a protective response. Vaccine. 1998 Jul;16(11-12):1149-57. Resumo

57. Cobos Jiménez V, Rabacal W, Rayens E, et al. Immunization with <i>Pneumocystis</i> recombinant KEX1 induces robust and durable humoral responses in immunocompromised non-human primates. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2019;15(9):2075-2080.Texto completo  Resumo

58. Tesini BL, Wright TW, Malone JE, et al. Immunization with Pneumocystis Cross-Reactive Antigen 1 (Pca1) Protects Mice against Pneumocystis Pneumonia and Generates Antibody to Pneumocystis jirovecii. Infect Immun. 2017 Apr;85(4):.Texto completo  Resumo

59. Kling HM, Norris KA. Vaccine-Induced Immunogenicity and Protection Against Pneumocystis Pneumonia in a Nonhuman Primate Model of HIV and Pneumocystis Coinfection. J Infect Dis. 2016 May 15;213(10):1586-95.Texto completo  Resumo

60. Katz MH, Baron RB, Grady D. Risk stratification of ambulatory patients suspected of Pneumocystis pneumonia. Arch Intern Med. 1991 Jan;151(1):105-10. Resumo

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64. Kovacs JA, Ng VL, Masur H, et al. Diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: improved detection in sputum with use of monoclonal antibodies. N Engl J Med. 1988 Mar 10;318(10):589-93. Resumo

65. Midgley J, Parsons P, Leigh TR, et al. Increased sensitivity of immunofluorescence for detection of Pneumocystis carinii. Lancet. 1989 Dec 23-30;2(8678-8679):1523. Resumo

66. Ng VL, Virani NA, Chaisson RE, et al. Rapid detection of Pneumocystis carinii using a direct fluorescent monoclonal antibody stain. J Clin Microbiol. 1990 Oct;28(10):2228-33. Resumo

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69. Gruden JF, Huang L, Turner J, et al. High-resolution CT in the evaluation of clinically suspected Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS patients with normal, equivocal, or nonspecific radiographic findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1997 Oct;169(4):967-75. Resumo

70. Huang L, Stansell J, Osmond D, et al. Performance of an algorithm to detect Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in symptomatic HIV-infected persons. Chest. 1999 Apr;115(4):1025-32. Resumo

71. Sankary RM, Turner J, Lipavsky A, et al. Alveolar-capillary block in patients with AIDS and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1988 Feb;137(2):443-9. Resumo

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74. Fillaux J, Malvy S, Alvarez M, et al. Accuracy of a routine real-time PCR assay for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia. J Microbiol Methods. 2008 Oct;75(2):258-61. Resumo

75. Tuncer S, Erguven S, Kocagoz S, et al. Comparison of cytochemical staining, immunofluorescence and PCR for diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii on sputum samples. Scand J Infect Dis. 1998;30(2):125-8. Resumo

76. Larsen HH, Masur H, Kovacs JA, et al. Development and evaluation of a quantitative, touch-down, real-time PCR assay for diagnosing Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. J Clin Microbiol. 2002 Feb;40(2):490-4. Resumo

77. Helweg-Larsen J, Jensen JS, Lundgren B. Diagnostic use of PCR for detection of Pneumocystis carinii in oral wash samples. J Clin Microbiol. 1998 Jul;36(7):2068-72. Resumo

78. Larsen HH, Huang L, Kovacs JA, et al. A prospective, blinded study of quantitative touch-down polymerase chain reaction using oral-wash samples for diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. J Infect Dis. 2004 May 1;189(9):1679-83. Resumo

79. Skelly MJ, Holzman RS, Merali S. S-adenosylmethionine levels in the diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with HIV infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Feb 1;46(3):467-71.Texto completo  Resumo

80. Summah H, Zhu YG, Falagas ME, et al. Use of real-time polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia in immunocompromised patients: a meta-analysis. Chin Med J (Engl). 2013;126(10):1965-73. Resumo

81. Watanabe T, Yasuoka A, Tanuma J, et al. Serum (1-->3) beta-D-glucan as a noninvasive adjunct marker for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with AIDS. Clin Infect Dis. 2009 Oct 1;49(7):1128-31.Texto completo  Resumo

82. Shimizu Y, Sunaga N, Dobashi K, et al. Serum markers in interstitial pneumonia with and without Pneumocystis jirovecii colonization: a prospective study. BMC Infect Dis. 2009 Apr 22;9:47.Texto completo  Resumo

83. Desmet S, Van Wijngaerden E, Maertens J, et al. Serum (1-3)-beta-D-glucan as a tool for diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection or hematological malignancy. J Clin Microbiol. 2009 Dec;47(12):3871-4.Texto completo  Resumo

84. Del Bono V, Mularoni A, Furfaro E, et al. Clinical evaluation of a (1,3)-beta-D-glucan assay for presumptive diagnosis of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2009 Oct;16(10):1524-6.Texto completo  Resumo

85. Nakamura H, Tateyama M, Tasato D, et al. Clinical utility of serum beta-D-glucan and KL-6 levels in Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. Intern Med. 2009;48(4):195-202.Texto completo  Resumo

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99. Ewald H, Raatz H, Boscacci R, et al. Adjunctive corticosteroids for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in patients with HIV infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Apr 2;(4):CD006150.Texto completo  Resumo

100. Benfield T, Atzori C, Miller RF, et al. Second-line salvage treatment of AIDS-associated Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia: a case series and systematic review. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008 May 1;48(1):63-7. Resumo

101. Cooley L, Dendle C, Wolf J, et al. Consensus guidelines for diagnosis, prophylaxis and management of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with haematological and solid malignancies, 2014. Intern Med J. 2014 Dec;44(12b):1350-63.Texto completo  Resumo

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103. Injean P, Eells SJ, Wu H, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the data behind current recommendations for corticosteroids in non-HIV-related PCP: knowing when you are on shaky foundations. Transplant Direct. 2017 Feb 15;3(3):e137.Texto completo  Resumo

104. Wieruszewski PM, Barreto JN, Frazee E, et al. Early Corticosteroids for Pneumocystis Pneumonia in Adults Without HIV Are Not Associated With Better Outcome. Chest. 2018 Sep;154(3):636-644.Texto completo  Resumo

105. Inoue N, Fushimi K. Adjunctive Corticosteroids decreased the risk of mortality of non-HIV Pneumocystis Pneumonia. Int J Infect Dis. 2019 Feb;79:109-115.Texto completo  Resumo

106. Ding L, Huang H, Wang H, et al. Adjunctive corticosteroids may be associated with better outcome for non-HIV Pneumocystis pneumonia with respiratory failure: a systemic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Ann Intensive Care. 2020 Mar 20;10(1):34.Texto completo  Resumo

107. Fujikura Y, Manabe T, Kawana A, et al. Adjunctive Corticosteroids for Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in Non-HIV-infected Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies. [in spa]. Arch Bronconeumol. 2017 Feb;53(2):55-61.Texto completo  Resumo

108. Maertens J, Cesaro S, Maschmeyer G, et al. ECIL guidelines for preventing Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with haematological malignancies and stem cell transplant recipients. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2016 Sep;71(9):2397-404.Texto completo  Resumo

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