Esclerose múltipla

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Wattjes MP, Ciccarelli O, Reich DS, et al. 2021 MAGNIMS-CMSC-NAIMS consensus recommendations on the use of MRI in patients with multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol. 2021 Aug;20(8):653-670.Texto completo  Resumo

Thompson AJ, Banwell BL, Barkhof F, et al. Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria. Lancet Neurol. 2018 Feb;17(2):162-73. Resumo

Kantarci O, Wingerchuk D. Epidemiology and natural history of multiple sclerosis: new insights. Curr Opin Neurol. 2006 Jun;19(3):248-54. Resumo

Tramacere I, Del Giovane C, Salanti G, et al. Immunomodulators and immunosuppressants for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Sep 18;(9):CD011381.Texto completo  Resumo

Scolding N, Barnes D, Cader S, et al. Association of British Neurologists: revised (2015) guidelines for prescribing disease-modifying treatments in multiple sclerosis. Pract Neurol. 2015 Aug;15(4):273-9.Texto completo  Resumo

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2. Lublin FD, Reingold SC, Cohen JA, et al. Defining the clinical course of multiple sclerosis: the 2013 revisions. Neurology. 2014 Jul 15;83(3):278-86.Texto completo  Resumo

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4. Thompson AJ, Banwell BL, Barkhof F, et al. Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria. Lancet Neurol. 2018 Feb;17(2):162-73. Resumo

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9. Salama S, Pardo S, Levy M. Clinical characteristics of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2019 May;30:231-5.Texto completo  Resumo

10. Wingerchuk DM, Lucchinetti CF. Comparative immunopathogenesis of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, neuromyelitis optica, and multiple sclerosis. Curr Opin Neurol. 2007 Jun;20(3):343-50. Resumo

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13. Orton SM, Herrera BM, Yee IM, et al. Canadian Collaborative Study Group. Sex ratio of multiple sclerosis in Canada: a longitudinal study. Lancet Neurol. 2006 Nov;5(11):932-6. Resumo

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16. De Angelis F, John NA, Brownlee WJ. Disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis. BMJ. 2018 Nov 27;363:k4674. Resumo

17. Calabrese M, Filippi M, Gallo P. Cortical lesions in multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurol. 2010 Aug;6(8):438-44. Resumo

18. Kantarci O, Wingerchuk D. Epidemiology and natural history of multiple sclerosis: new insights. Curr Opin Neurol. 2006 Jun;19(3):248-54. Resumo

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21. Harirchian MH, Fatehi F, Sarraf P, et al. Worldwide prevalence of familial multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2018 Feb;20:43-7. Resumo

22. Yeo TW, De Jager PL, Gregory SG, et al. A second major histocompatibility complex susceptibility locus for multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 2007 Mar;61(3):228-36.Texto completo  Resumo

23. Tizaoui K. Multiple sclerosis genetics: results from meta-analyses of candidate-gene association studies. Cytokine. 2018 Jun;106:154-64. Resumo

24. Ascherio A, Munger KL, Simon KC. Vitamin D and multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol. 2010 Jun;9(6):599-612. Resumo

25. Pierrot-Deseilligny C, Souberbielle JC. Vitamin D and multiple sclerosis: an update. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2017 May;14:35-45. Resumo

26. Banwell B, Bar-Or A, Arnold DL, et al. Clinical, environmental, and genetic determinants of multiple sclerosis in children with acute demyelination: a prospective national cohort study. Lancet Neurol. 2011 May;10(5):436-45. Resumo

27. Sheik-Ali S. Infectious mononucleosis and multiple sclerosis - updated review on associated risk. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2017 May;14:56-9. Resumo

28. Voumvourakis KI, Kitsos DK, Tsiodras S, et al. Human herpesvirus 6 infection as a trigger of multiple sclerosis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010 Nov;85(11):1023-30.Texto completo  Resumo

29. Brown RF, Tennant CC, Sharrock M, et al. Relationship between stress and relapse in multiple sclerosis: part II. Direct and indirect relationships. Mult Scler. 2006 Aug;12(4):465-75. Resumo

30. Abdollahpour I, Nedjat S, Mansournia MA, et al. Stress-full life events and multiple sclerosis: a population-based incident case-control study. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2018 Nov;26:168-72. Resumo

31. Hauser SL, Oksenberg JR. The neurobiology of multiple sclerosis: genes, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. Neuron. 2006 Oct 5;52(1):61-76. Resumo

32. Rosso M, Chitnis T. Association between cigarette smoking and multiple sclerosis: a review. JAMA Neurol. 2020 Feb 1;77(2):245-53. Resumo

33. Degelman ML, Herman KM. Smoking and multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis using the Bradford Hill criteria for causation. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2017 Oct;17:207-16. Resumo

34. Munger KL, Levin LI, Hollis BW, et al. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and risk of multiple sclerosis. JAMA. 2006 Dec 20;296(23):2832-8.Texto completo  Resumo

35. Ramagopalan SV, Dyment DA, Valdar W, et al. Canadian Collaborative Study Group. Autoimmune disease in families with multiple sclerosis: a population-based study. Lancet Neurol. 2007 Jul;6(7):604-10. Resumo

36. Rasul T, Frederiksen JL. Link between overweight/obese in children and youngsters and occurrence of multiple sclerosis. J Neurol. 2018 Dec;265(12):2755-63. Resumo

37. Holick MF. Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of autoimmune diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Dec;80(6 Suppl):1678-88S.Texto completo  Resumo

38. Lavi R, Yarnitsky D, Rowe JM, et al. Standard vs atraumatic Whitacre needle for diagnostic lumbar puncture: a randomized trial. Neurology. 2006 Oct 24;67(8):1492-4. Resumo

39. Arendt K, Demaerschalk BM, Wingerchuk DM, Camann W. Atraumatic lumbar puncture needles: after all these years, are we still missing the point? Neurologist. 2009 Jan;15(1):17-20. Resumo

40. Nath S, Koziarz A, Badhiwala JH, et al. Atraumatic versus conventional lumbar puncture needles: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2018 Mar 24;391(10126):1197-204. Resumo

41. Rochwerg B, Almenawer SA, Siemieniuk RAC, et al. Atraumatic (pencil-point) versus conventional needles for lumbar puncture: a clinical practice guideline. BMJ. 2018 May 22;361:k1920.Texto completo  Resumo

42. Ahmed SV, Jayawarna C, Jude E. Post lumbar puncture headache: diagnosis and management. Postgrad Med J. 2006 Nov;82(973):713-6.Texto completo  Resumo

43. Arevalo-Rodriguez I, Ciapponi A, Roqué i Figuls M, et al. Posture and fluids for preventing post-dural puncture headache. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Mar 7;(3):CD009199.Texto completo  Resumo

44. Polman CH, Reingold SC, Banwell B, et al. Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2010 revisions to the McDonald criteria. Ann Neurol. 2011 Feb;69(2):292-302.Texto completo  Resumo

45. Kurtzke JF. Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Neurology. 1983 Nov;33(11):1444-52. Resumo

46. Kuspinar A, Rodriguez AM, Mayo NE. The effects of clinical interventions on health-related quality of life in multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis. Mult Scler. 2012 Dec;18(12):1686-704. Resumo

47. Sesel AL, Sharpe L, Naismith SL. Efficacy of psychosocial interventions for people with multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis of specific treatment effects. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(2):105-11. Resumo

48. Rosti-Otajärvi EM, Hämäläinen PI. Neuropsychological rehabilitation for multiple sclerosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Feb 11;(2):CD009131.Texto completo  Resumo

49. Amatya B, Khan F, Galea M. Rehabilitation for people with multiple sclerosis: an overview of Cochrane Reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Jan 14;(1):CD012732.Texto completo  Resumo

50. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Multiple sclerosis in adults: management. Jun 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

51. Myhr KM, Mellgren SI. Corticosteroids in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl. 2009;(189):73-80. Resumo

52. Burton JM, O'Connor PW, Hohol M, et al. Oral versus intravenous steroids for treatment of relapses in multiple sclerosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Dec 12;(12):CD006921.Texto completo  Resumo

53. Le Page E, Veillard D, Laplaud DA, et al; COPOUSEP investigators; West Network for Excellence in Neuroscience. Oral versus intravenous high-dose methylprednisolone for treatment of relapses in patients with multiple sclerosis (COPOUSEP): a randomised, controlled, double-blind, non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2015 Sep 5;386(9997):974-81. Resumo

54. Abboud H, Petrak A, Mealy M, et al. Treatment of acute relapses in neuromyelitis optica: steroids alone versus steroids plus plasma exchange. Mult Scler. 2016 Feb;22(2):185-92.Texto completo  Resumo

55. Comi G. Shifting the paradigm toward earlier treatment of multiple sclerosis with interferon beta. Clin Ther. 2009 Jun;31(6):1142-57. Resumo

56. Montalban X, Gold R, Thompson AJ, et al. ECTRIMS/EAN guideline on the pharmacological treatment of people with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2018 Feb;24(2):96-120.Texto completo  Resumo

57. Tramacere I, Del Giovane C, Salanti G, et al. Immunomodulators and immunosuppressants for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Sep 18;(9):CD011381.Texto completo  Resumo

58. Scolding N, Barnes D, Cader S, et al. Association of British Neurologists: revised (2015) guidelines for prescribing disease-modifying treatments in multiple sclerosis. Pract Neurol. 2015 Aug;15(4):273-9.Texto completo  Resumo

59. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Beta interferons and glatiramer acetate for treating multiple sclerosis. Jun 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo

60. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Dimethyl fumarate for treating relapsing‑remitting multiple sclerosis. Aug 2014 [internet publication].Texto completo

61. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Teriflunomide for treating relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Jun 2014 [internet publication].Texto completo

62. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Fingolimod for the treatment of highly active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Apr 2012 [internet publication].Texto completo

63. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Natalizumab for the treatment of adults with highly active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Aug 2007 [internet publication].Texto completo

64. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Ocrelizumab for treating relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis. Jul 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo

65. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Alemtuzumab for treating highly active relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. Mar 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo

66. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Cladribine for treating relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis. Dec 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

67. Ontaneda D, Tallantyre E, Kalincik T, et al. Early highly effective versus escalation treatment approaches in relapsing multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol. 2019 Oct;18(10):973-80. Resumo

68. Harding K, Williams O, Willis M, et al. Clinical outcomes of escalation vs early intensive disease-modifying therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis. JAMA Neurol. 2019 May 1;76(5):536-41.Texto completo  Resumo

69. He A, Merkel B, Brown JWL, et al. Timing of high-efficacy therapy for multiple sclerosis: a retrospective observational cohort study. Lancet Neurol. 2020 Apr;19(4):307-16. Resumo

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76. Giovannoni G, Southam E, Waubant E. Systematic review of disease-modifying therapies to assess unmet needs in multiple sclerosis: tolerability and adherence. Mult Scler. 2012 Jul;18(7):932-46. Resumo

77. Balak DM, Hengstman GJ, Çakmak A, et al. Cutaneous adverse events associated with disease-modifying treatment in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review. Mult Scler. 2012 Dec;18(12):1705-17. Resumo

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79. Calabresi PA, Kieseier BC, Arnold DL, et al; ADVANCE Study Investigators. Pegylated interferon beta-1a for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (ADVANCE): a randomised, phase 3, double-blind study. Lancet Neurol. 2014 Jul;13(7):657-65. Resumo

80. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Peginterferon beta-1a for treating relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis. Feb 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo

81. Gold R, Kappos L, Arnold DL, et al. Placebo-controlled phase 3 study of oral BG-12 for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2012 Sep 20;367(12):1098-107.Texto completo  Resumo

82. Fox RJ, Miller DH, Phillips JT, et al. Placebo-controlled phase 3 study of oral BG-12 or glatiramer in multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2012 Sep 20;367(12):1087-97.Texto completo  Resumo

83. van Oosten BW, Killestein J, Barkhof F, et al. PML in a patient treated with dimethyl fumarate from a compounding pharmacy. N Engl J Med. 2013 Apr 25;368(17):1658-9. Resumo

84. Muñoz MA, Kulick CG, Kortepeter CM, et al. Liver injury associated with dimethyl fumarate in multiple sclerosis patients. Mult Scler. 2017 Dec;23(14):1947-9. Resumo

85. Derfuss T, Mehling M, Papadopoulou A, et al. Advances in oral immunomodulating therapies in relapsing multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol. 2020 Apr;19(4):336-47. Resumo

86. Palte MJ, Wehr A, Tawa M, et al. Improving the gastrointestinal tolerability of fumaric acid esters: early findings on gastrointestinal events with diroximel fumarate in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis from the phase 3, open-label EVOLVE-MS-1 study. Adv Ther. 2019 Nov;36(11):3154-65.Texto completo  Resumo

87. He D, Zhang C, Zhao X, et al. Teriflunomide for multiple sclerosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Mar 22;(3):CD009882.Texto completo  Resumo

88. Kappos L, Radue EW, O'Connor P, et al; FREEDOMS Study Group. A placebo-controlled trial of oral fingolimod in relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2010 Feb 4;362(5):387-401. Resumo

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94. Gajofatto A. Spotlight on siponimod and its potential in the treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: the evidence to date. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2017 Nov 2;11:3153-7.Texto completo  Resumo

95. Giovannoni G, Comi G, Cook S, et al. A placebo-controlled trial of oral cladribine for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2010 Jan 20;362(5):416-26.Texto completo  Resumo

96. Miller DH, Khan OA, Sheremata WA, et al; International Natalizumab Multiple Sclerosis Trial Group. A controlled trial of natalizumab for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2003 Jan 2;348(1):15-23.Texto completo  Resumo

97. Ho PR, Koendgen H, Campbell N, et al. Risk of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with multiple sclerosis: a retrospective analysis of data from four clinical studies. Lancet Neurol. 2017 Nov;16(11):925-33. Resumo

98. Gorelik L, Lerner M, Bixler S, et al. Anti-JC virus antibodies: implications for PML risk stratification. Ann Neurol. 2010 Sep;68(3):295-303. Resumo

99. McGuigan C, Craner M, Guadagno J, et al. Stratification and monitoring of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy risk: recommendations from an expert group. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2016 Feb;87(2):117-25.Texto completo  Resumo

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101. Hauser SL, Bar-Or A, Comi G, et al. Ocrelizumab versus interferon beta-1a in relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2017 Jan 19;376(3):221-34.Texto completo  Resumo

102. Montalban X, Hauser SL, Kappos L, et al. Ocrelizumab versus placebo in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2017 Jan 19;376(3):209-20.Texto completo  Resumo

103. McCool R, Wilson K, Arber M, et al. Systematic review and network meta-analysis comparing ocrelizumab with other treatments for relapsing multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2019 Apr;29:55-61.Texto completo  Resumo

104. Li H, Hu F, Zhang Y, et al. Comparative efficacy and acceptability of disease-modifying therapies in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Neurol. 2020 Dec;267(12):3489-98. Resumo

105. Berntsson SG, Kristoffersson A, Boström I, et al. Rapidly increasing off-label use of rituximab in multiple sclerosis in Sweden - outlier or predecessor? Acta Neurol Scand. 2018 Oct;138(4):327-31. Resumo

106. He D, Guo R, Zhang F, et al. Rituximab for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Dec 6;(12):CD009130.Texto completo  Resumo

107. Hu Y, Nie H, Yu HH, et al. Efficacy and safety of rituximab for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Autoimmun Rev. 2019 May;18(5):542-8. Resumo

108. Coles AJ, Twyman CL, Arnold DL, et al; CARE-MS II investigators. Alemtuzumab for patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis after disease-modifying therapy: a randomised controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2012 Nov 24;380(9856):1829-39. Resumo

109. Coles AJ, Fox E, Vladic A, et al. Alemtuzumab versus interferon beta-1a in early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: post-hoc and subset analyses of clinical efficacy outcomes. Lancet Neurol. 2011 Apr;10(4):338-48. Resumo

110. Cohen JA, Coles AJ, Arnold DL, et al. Alemtuzumab versus interferon beta 1a as first-line treatment for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a randomised controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2012 Nov 24;380(9856):1819-28. Resumo

111. Zhang J, Shi S, Zhang Y, et al. Alemtuzumab versus interferon beta 1a for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Nov 27;(11):CD010968.Texto completo  Resumo

112. European Medicines Agency. Lemtrada. Feb 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo

113. Food and Drug Administration. Safety announcement: FDA warns about rare but serious risks of stroke and blood vessel wall tears with multiple sclerosis drug Lemtrada (alemtuzumab). Nov 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo

114. European Medicines Agency. Lemtrada for multiple sclerosis: measures to minimise risk of serious side effects. 31 Oct 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

115. Dobson R, Dassan P, Roberts M, et al. UK consensus on pregnancy in multiple sclerosis: 'Association of British Neurologists' guidelines. Pract Neurol. 2019 Apr;19(2):106-14.Texto completo  Resumo

116. Confavreux C, Hutchinson M, Hours MM, et al. Rate of pregnancy-related relapse in multiple sclerosis. Pregnancy in Multiple Sclerosis Group. N Engl J Med. 1998 Jul 30;339(5):285-91.Texto completo  Resumo

117. Krysko KM, Rutatangwa A, Graves J, et al. Association between breastfeeding and postpartum multiple sclerosis relapses: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol. 2020 Mar 1;77(3):327-38.Texto completo  Resumo

118. European Medicines Agency. Updated restrictions for Gilenya: multiple sclerosis medicine not to be used in pregnancy. Jul 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

119. Kappos L, Bar-Or A, Cree BA, et al. Siponimod versus placebo in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (EXPAND): a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 study. Lancet. 2018 Mar 31;391(10127):1263-73. Resumo

120. Montalban X, Leist TP, Cohen BA, et al. Cladribine tablets added to IFN-β in active relapsing MS: the ONWARD study. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2018 Sep;5(5):e477.Texto completo  Resumo

121. La Mantia L, Vacchi L, Di Pietrantonj C, et al. Interferon beta for secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Jan 18;(1):CD005181.Texto completo  Resumo

122. La Mantia L, Vacchi L, Rovaris M, et al. Interferon beta for secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: a systematic review. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2013 Apr;84(4):420-6. Resumo

123. Kapoor R, Ho PR, Campbell N, et al. Effect of natalizumab on disease progression in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (ASCEND): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with an open-label extension. Lancet Neurol. 2018 May;17(5):405-15. Resumo

124. Wundes A, Kraft GH, Bowen JD, et al. Mitoxantrone for worsening multiple sclerosis: tolerability, toxicity, adherence and efficacy in the clinical setting. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2010 Dec;112(10):876-82. Resumo

125. Martinelli Boneschi F, Vacchi L, Rovaris M, et al. Mitoxantrone for multiple sclerosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 May 31;(5):CD002127.Texto completo  Resumo

126. Cohen JA, Confavreux C. Combination therapy in multiple sclerosis. In: Cohen JA, Rudick RA, eds. Multiple sclerosis therapeutics. 3rd ed. London, UK: Informa Pub; 2007:681-98.

127. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Ocrelizumab for treating primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Jun 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

128. Leary SM, Thompson AJ. Treatment for patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis. In: Cohen JA, Rudick RA, eds. Multiple sclerosis therapeutics. 3rd ed. London, UK: Informa Pub; 2007:751-60.

129. Andreasen AK, Stenager E, Dalgas U. The effect of exercise therapy on fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2011 Sep;17(9):1041-54.Texto completo  Resumo

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