Crises de ausência

Fisher RS, Cross JH, French JA, et al. Operational classification of seizure types by the International League Against Epilepsy: position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology. Epilepsia. 2017 Apr;58(4):522-30.Texto completo  Resumo

Berg AT, Berkovic SF, Brodie MJ, et al. Revised terminology and concepts for organization of seizures and epilepsies: Report of the ILAE Commission on Classification and Terminology, 2005-2009. Epilepsia. 2010 Apr;51(4):676-85. Resumo

Rosenow F, Wyllie E, Kotagal P, et al. Staring spells in children: descriptive features distinguishing epileptic and nonepileptic events. J Pediatr. 1998 Nov;133(5):660-3. Resumo

Glauser TA, Cnaan A, Shinnar S, et al. Ethosuximide, valproic acid, and lamotrigine in childhood absence epilepsy. N Engl J Med. 2010 Mar 4;362(9):790-9.Texto completo  Resumo

Glauser TA, Cnaan A, Shinnar S, et al. Ethosuximide, valproic acid and lamotrigine in childhood absence epilepsy: initial monotherapy outcomes at 12 months. Epilepsia. 2013 Jan;54(1):141-55.Texto completo  Resumo

Bergey GK. Evidence-based treatment of idiopathic generalized epilepsies with new antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsia. 2005;46 Suppl 9:161-8. Resumo

Kanner AM, Ashman E, Gloss D, et al. Practice guideline update summary: Efficacy and tolerability of the new antiepileptic drugs I: Treatment of new-onset epilepsy: Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Epilepsy Society. Neurology. 2018 Jun 13;91(2):74-81.Texto completo  Resumo

Nordli DR Jr. Idiopathic generalized epilepsies recognized by the International League Against Epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2005 Nov 18;46(suppl 9):48-56.Texto completo  Resumo

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18. Jallon P, Latour P. Epidemiology of idiopathic generalized epilepsies. Epilepsia. 2005 Nov 18;46(suppl 9):10-4.Texto completo  Resumo

19. Rantala H, Putkonen T. Occurrence, outcome, and prognostic factors of infantile spasms and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Epilepsia. 1999 Mar;40(3):286-9. Resumo

20. Trevathan E, Murphy CC, Yeargin-Allsopp M. Prevalence and descriptive epidemiology of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome among Atlanta children. Epilepsia. 1997 Dec;38(12):1283-8. Resumo

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27. Gardiner M. Genetics of idiopathic generalized epilepsies. Epilepsia. 2005 Nov 18;4(suppl 9):15-20.Texto completo  Resumo

28. Haug K, Warnstedt M, Alekov AK, et al. Mutations in CLCN2 encoding a voltage-gated chloride channel are associated with idiopathic generalized epilepsies. Nat Genet. 2003 Apr;33(4):527-32. Resumo

29. Mullen SA, Suls A, De Jonghe P, et al. Absence epilepsies with widely variable onset are a key feature of familial GLUT1 deficiency. Neurology. 2010 Aug 3;75(5):432-40. Resumo

30. Elia M, Guerrini R, Musumeci SA, et al. Myoclonic absence-like seizures and chromosome abnormality syndromes. Epilepsia. 1998 Jun;39(6):660-3. Resumo

31. Christensen J, Kjeldsen MJ, Andersen H, et al. Gender differences in epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2005 Jun;46(6):956-60. Resumo

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33. Wang D, Pascual JM, De Vivo D. Glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome. In: Pagon RA, Bird TD, Dolcan CR, editors et al. Gene reviews. Seattle (WA): University of Washington; 2012.

34. Suls A, Mullen SA, Weber YG, et al. Early-onset absence epilepsy caused by mutation in the glucose transporter GLUT1. Ann Neurol. 2009 Sep;66(3):415-9. Resumo

35. Byrne S, Kearns J, Carolan R, et al. Refractory absence epilepsy associated with GLUT-1 deficiency syndrome. Epilepsia. 2011 May;52(5):1021-4. Resumo

36. Rosenow F, Wyllie E, Kotagal P, et al. Staring spells in children: descriptive features distinguishing epileptic and nonepileptic events. J Pediatr. 1998 Nov;133(5):660-3. Resumo

37. Arsov T, Mullen SA, Damiano JA, et al. Glucose transporter 1 deficiency in the idiopathic generalized epilepsies. Ann Neurol. 2012 Nov;72(5):807-15. Resumo

38. Dlugos D, Shinnar S, Cnaan A, et al. Pretreatment EEG in childhood absence epilepsy: associations with attention and treatment outcome. Neurology. 2013 Jul 9;81(2):150-6. Resumo

39. Hirtz D, Ashwal S, Berg A, et al. Practice parameter: evaluating a first nonfebrile seizure in children (reaffirmed 2023). Neurology. 2000 JSep 12;55(5):616-23.Texto completo  Resumo

40. Glauser T, Ben-Menachem E, Bourgeois B, et al; ILAE Subcommission on AED Guidelines. Updated ILAE evidence review of antiepileptic drug efficacy and effectiveness as initial monotherapy for epileptic seizures and syndromes. Epilepsia. 2013 Mar;54(3):551-63.Texto completo  Resumo

41. Brigo F, Igwe SC, Lattanzi S. Ethosuximide, sodium valproate or lamotrigine for absence seizures in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Feb 8;2:CD003032.Texto completo  Resumo

42. Glauser TA, Cnaan A, Shinnar S, et al. Ethosuximide, valproic acid, and lamotrigine in childhood absence epilepsy. N Engl J Med. 2010 Mar 4;362(9):790-9.Texto completo  Resumo

43. Glauser TA, Cnaan A, Shinnar S, et al. Ethosuximide, valproic acid and lamotrigine in childhood absence epilepsy: initial monotherapy outcomes at 12 months. Epilepsia. 2013 Jan;54(1):141-55.Texto completo  Resumo

44. Nadler B, Shevell MI. Childhood absence epilepsy requiring more than one medication for seizure control. Can J Neurol Sci. 2008 Jul;35(3):297-300. Resumo

45. Villareal HJ, Wilder BJ, Willmore LJ, et al. Effect of valproic acid on spike and wave discharges in patients with absence seizures. Neurology. 1978 Sep;28(9 Pt 1):886-91. Resumo

46. Erenberg G, Rothner AD, Henry CE, et al. Valproic acid in the treatment of intractable absence seizures in children: a single-blind clinical and quantitative EEG study. Am J Dis Child. 1982 Jun;136(6):526-9. Resumo

47. Callaghan N, O'Hare J, O'Driscoll D, et al. Comparative study of ethosuximide and sodium valproate in the treatment of typical absence seizures (petit mal). Dev Med Clin Neurol. 1982 Dec;24(6):830-6. Resumo

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50. Hitiris N, Brodie MJ. Evidence-based treatment of idiopathic generalized epilepsies with older antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsia. 2005 Nov 18;46(suppl 9):149-53.Texto completo  Resumo

51. Wolf P, Inoue Y. Therapeutic response of absence seizures in patients of an epilepsy clinic for adolescents and adult. J Neurol. 1984;231(4):225-9. Resumo

52. Coppola G, Auricchio G, Federico R, et al. Lamotrigine versus valproic acid as first-line monotherapy in newly diagnosed typical absence seizures: an open-label, randomized, parallel-group study. Epilepsia. 2004 Sep;45(9):1049-53.Texto completo  Resumo

53. Frank LM, Enlow T, Holmes GL, et al. Lamictal (lamotrigine) monotherapy for typical absence seizures in children. Epilepsia. 1999 Jul;40(7):973-9. Resumo

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55. Holmes GL, Frank LM, Sheth RD, et al. Lamotrigine monotherapy for newly diagnosed typical absence seizures in children. Epilepsy Res. 2008 Dec;82(2-3):124-32. Resumo

56. Beran RG, Berkovic SF, Dunagan FM, et al. Double-blind, placebo controlled, crossover study of lamotrigine in treatment resistant generalised epilepsy. Epilepsia. 1998 Dec;39(12):1329-33. Resumo

57. Motte J, Trevathan E, Arvidsson JF, et al; Lamictal Lennox-Gastaut Study Group. Lamotrigine for generalized seizures associated with the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1997 Dec 18;337(25):1807-12.Texto completo  Resumo

58. Eriksson AS, Nergadh A, Hoppu K. The efficacy of lamotrigine in children and adolescents with refractory generalized epilepsy: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Epilepsia. 1998 May;39(5):495-501. Resumo

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61. Wilfong A, Schultz R. Zonisamide for absence seizures. Epilepsy Res. 2005 Mar-Apr;64(1-2):31-4. Resumo

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63. Rosenfeld WE, Benbadis S, Edrich P, et al. Levetiracetam as add-on therapy for idiopathic generalized epilepsy syndromes with onset during adolescence: analysis of two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. Epilepsy Res. 2009 Jul;85(1):72-80. Resumo

64. Verrotti A, Cerminara C, Domizio S, et al. Levetiracetam in absence epilepsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2008 Nov;50(11):850-3. Resumo

65. Fattore C, Boniver C, Capovilla G, et al. A multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of levetiracetam in children and adolescents with newly diagnosed absence epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2011 Apr;52(4):802-9. Resumo

66. European Medicines Agency. New measures to avoid valproate exposure in pregnancy endorsed. EMA/145600/2018. March 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo

67. Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. Antiepileptic drugs in pregnancy: updated advice following comprehensive safety review. Apr 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

68. Gloss D, Pargeon K, Pack A, et al. Antiseizure medication withdrawal in seizure-free patients: practice advisory update summary: report of the AAN guideline subcommittee. Neurology. 2021 Dec 7;97(23):1072-81.Texto completo  Resumo

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70. Devinsky O, Marsh E, Friedman D, et al. Cannabidiol in patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy: an open-label interventional trial. Lancet Neurol. 2016 Mar;15(3):270-8.Texto completo  Resumo

71. American Epilepsy Society. AES position statement on cannabis as a treatment for patients with epileptic seizures. Sept 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

72. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Cannabis-based medicinal products. Mar 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

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76. Beghi E, Cornaggia C, et al. Morbidity and accidents in patients with epilepsy: results of European cohort study. Epilepsia. 2002 Sep;43(9):1076-83. Resumo

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78. Shorvon S, Walker M. Status epilepticus in idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2005;46 Suppl 9:73-9. Resumo

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83. Fastenau PS, Johnson CS, Perkins SM, et al. Neuropsychological status at seizure onset in children: risk factors for early cognitive deficits. Neurology. 2009 Aug 18;73(7):526-34. Resumo

84. Sirén A, Kylliäinen A, Tenhunen M, et al. Beneficial effects of antiepileptic medication on absence seizures and cognitive functioning in children. Epilepsy Behav. 2007 Aug;11(1):85-91. Resumo

85. Masur D, Shinnar S, Cnaan A, et al. Pretreatment cognitive deficits and treatment effects on attention in childhood absence epilepsy. Neurology. 2013 Oct 29;81(18):1572-80. Resumo

86. Harden C, Tomson T, Gloss D, et al. Practice guideline summary: sudden unexpected death in epilepsy incidence rates and risk factors: report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Epilepsy Society. Neurology. 2017 Apr 25;88(17):1674-80.Texto completo  Resumo

87. Camfield C, Camfield P. Management guidelines for children with idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2005 Nov 18;46(suppl 9):112-6. Resumo

88. Strozzi I, Nolan SJ, Sperling MR, et al. Early versus late antiepileptic drug withdrawal for people with epilepsy in remission. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Feb 11;(2):CD001902.Texto completo  Resumo

89. American Epilepsy Society. Position statements: substitution of different formulations of antiseizure medication for the treatment of epilepsy. Aug 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo