Anemia falciforme

Referências

Principais artigos

Wethers DL. Sickle cell disease in childhood: part I. Laboratory diagnosis, pathophysiology and health maintenance. Am Fam Physician. 2000 Sep 1;62(5):1013-20, 1027-8.Texto completo  Resumo

DeBaun MR, Jordan LC, King AA, et al. American Society of Hematology 2020 guidelines for sickle cell disease: prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cerebrovascular disease in children and adults. Blood Adv. 2020 Apr 28;4(8):1554-88.Texto completo  Resumo

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Evidence-based management of sickle cell disease: expert panel report, 2014. Sep 2014 [internet publication].Texto completo

Chou ST, Alsawas M, Fasano RM, et al. American Society of Hematology 2020 guidelines for sickle cell disease: transfusion support. Blood Adv. 2020 Jan 28;4(2):327-55.Texto completo  Resumo

Trompeter S, Massey E, Robinson S, et al. Position paper on International Collaboration for Transfusion Medicine (ICTM) Guideline 'Red blood cell specifications for patients with hemoglobinopathies: a systematic review and guideline'. Br J Haematol. 2020 May;189(3):424-27.Texto completo  Resumo

Artigos de referência

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2. National Health Service (UK). NHS sickle cell and thalassaemia (SCT) screening programme. 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo

3. Dunston T, Rowland R, Huntsman RG, et al. Sickle-cell haemoglobin C disease and sickle-cell beta thalassaemia in white South Africans. S Afr Med J. 1972 Sep 30;46(39):1423-6. Resumo

4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Data and statistics on sickle cell disease. Dec 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo

5. Lorey FW, Arnopp J, Cunningham GC. Distribution of hemoglobinopathy variants by ethnicity in a multiethnic state. Genet Epidemiol. 1996;13(5):501-12. Resumo

6. Ohene-Frempong K, Nkrumah FK. Sickle cell disease in Africa. In: Embry SH, Hebbel RP, Mohandas N, et al, eds. Sickle cell disease: basic principles and clinical practice. New York, NY: Raven Press Ltd; 1994.

7. Allison A. Abnormal haemoglobin and erythrocyte enzyme-deficiency traits. In: Harrison G, ed. Genetic variations in human populations. New York, NY; 1961.

8. Wethers DL. Sickle cell disease in childhood: part I. Laboratory diagnosis, pathophysiology and health maintenance. Am Fam Physician. 2000 Sep 1;62(5):1013-20, 1027-8.Texto completo  Resumo

9. Sundd P, Gladwin MT, Novelli EM. Pathophysiology of sickle cell disease. Annu Rev Pathol. 2019 Jan 24;14:263-92.Texto completo  Resumo

10. Piel FB, Steinberg MH, Rees DC. Sickle cell disease. N Engl J Med. 2017 Apr 20;376(16):1561-73.Texto completo  Resumo

11. Hebbel RP, Yamada O, Moldow CF, et al. Abnormal adherence of sickle erythrocytes to cultured vascular endothelium: possible mechanism for microvascular occlusion in sickle cell disease. J Clin Invest. 1980 Jan;65(1):154-60.Texto completo  Resumo

12. Hebbel RP, Osarogiagbon R, Kaul D. The endothelial biology of sickle cell disease: inflammation and a chronic vasculopathy. Microcirculation. 2004 Mar;11(2):129-51. Resumo

13. Yale SH, Nagib N, Guthrie T. Approach to the vaso-occlusive crisis in adults with sickle cell disease. Am Fam Physician. 2000 Mar 1;61(5):1349-56, 1363-4. Resumo

14. Kato GJ, Onyekwere OC, Gladwin MT. Pulmonary hypertension in sickle cell disease: relevance to children. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2007 Apr-May;24(3):159-70.Texto completo  Resumo

15. Naik RP, Smith-Whitley K, Hassell KL, et al. Clinical outcomes associated with sickle cell trait: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2018 Nov 6;169(9):619-27.Texto completo  Resumo

16. Bain BJ, Daniel Y, Henthorn J, et al. Significant haemoglobinopathies: a guideline for screening and diagnosis: a British Society for Haematology guideline. Br J Haematol. 2023 Jun;201(6):1047-65.Texto completo  Resumo

17. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG practice bulletin No. 78: hemoglobinopathies in pregnancy. Aug 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

18. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Committee opinion no. 690: carrier screening in the age of genomic medicine. Mar 2017 [internet publication].Texto completo  Resumo

19. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Committee opinion no. 691: carrier screening for genetic conditions. Mar 2017 [internet publication].Texto completo  Resumo

20. Dormandy E, Gulliford M, Bryan S, et al. Effectiveness of earlier antenatal screening for sickle cell disease and thalassaemia in primary care: cluster randomised trial. 2010 Oct 5;341:c5132.Texto completo  Resumo

21. US Preventive Services Task Force. Sickle cell disease (hemoglobinopathies) in newborns: screening - referred topic. Sep 2007 [internet publication].Texto completo

22. Simundic AM, Bölenius K, Cadamuro J, et al. Joint EFLM-COLABIOCLI recommendation for venous blood sampling. Clin Chem Lab Med 2018;56(12):2015-38. Resumo

23. Gill FM, Sleeper LA, Weiner SJ, et al; Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease. Clinical events in the first decade in a cohort of infants with sickle cell disease. Blood. 1995 Jul 15;86(2):776-83.Texto completo  Resumo

24. Miller ST, Sleeper LA, Pegelow CH, et al. Prediction of adverse outcomes in children with sickle cell disease. N Engl J Med. 2000 Jan 13;342(2):83-9.Texto completo  Resumo

25. Gualandro SF, Fonseca GH, Yokomizo IK, et al. Cohort study of adult patients with haemoglobin SC disease: clinical characteristics and predictors of mortality. Br J Haematol. 2015 Nov;171(4):631-7.Texto completo  Resumo

26. Mukisi-Mukaza M, Elbaz A, Samuel-Leborgne Y, et al. Prevalence, clinical features, and risk factors of osteonecrosis of the femoral head among adults with sickle cell disease. Orthopedics. 2000 Apr;23(4):357-63. Resumo

27. Centers for disease control and prevention (CDC). Hemoglobinopathies: current practices for screening, confirmation and follow-up. Dec 2015 [internet publication].Texto completo

28. Vosmaer A, Pereira RR, Koenderman JS, et al. Coagulation abnormalities in Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010 Jan;92(1):121-8. Resumo

29. Public Health England. Sickle cell and thalassaemia (SCT) screening: programme overview. Aug 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

30. Public Health England. Newborn blood spot screening: programme overview. Nov 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo

31. Eckman J. Neonatal screening. In: Embry SH, Hebbel RP, Mohandas N, et al, eds. Sickle cell disease: basic principles and clinical practice. New York, NY: Raven Press Ltd.; 1994.

32. DeBaun MR, Jordan LC, King AA, et al. American Society of Hematology 2020 guidelines for sickle cell disease: prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cerebrovascular disease in children and adults. Blood Adv. 2020 Apr 28;4(8):1554-88.Texto completo  Resumo

33. Cherry MG, Greenhalgh J, Osipenko L, et al. The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of primary stroke prevention in children with sickle cell disease: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2012;16(43):1-129.Texto completo  Resumo

34. Alexandrov AV, Sloan MA, Tegeler CH, et al; American Society of Neuroimaging Practice Guidelines Committee. Practice standards for transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound. Part II. Clinical indications and expected outcomes. J Neuroimaging. 2012 Jul;22(3):215-24. Resumo

35. Pecker LH, Sharma D, Nero A, et al. Knowledge gaps in reproductive and sexual health in girls and women with sickle cell disease. Br J Haematol. 2021 Sep;194(6):970-79.Texto completo  Resumo

36. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Evidence-based management of sickle cell disease: expert panel report, 2014. Sep 2014 [internet publication].Texto completo

37. Asnani MR, Quimby KR, Bennett NR, et al. Interventions for patients and caregivers to improve knowledge of sickle cell disease and recognition of its related complications. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Oct 6;(10):CD011175.Texto completo  Resumo

38. Rankine-Mullings AE, Owusu-Ofori S. Prophylactic antibiotics for preventing pneumococcal infection in children with sickle cell disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Mar 8;(3):CD003427.Texto completo  Resumo

39. Dekker LH, Fijnvandraat K, Brabin BJ, et al. Micronutrients and sickle cell disease, effects on growth, infection and vaso-occlusive crisis: a systematic review. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2012 Aug;59(2):211-5. Resumo

40. Platt OS, Brambilla DJ, Rosse WF, et al. Mortality in sickle cell disease - life expectancy and risk factors for early death. N Engl J Med. 1994 Jun 9;330(23):1639-44.Texto completo  Resumo

41. Redwood AM, Williams EM, Desai P, et al. Climate and painful crisis of sickle-cell disease in Jamaica. BMJ. 1976 Jan 10;1(6001):66-8.Texto completo  Resumo

42. Mohan J, Marshall JM, Reid HL, et al. Peripheral vascular response to mild indirect cooling in patients with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease and the frequency of painful crisis. Clin Sci (Lond). 1998 Feb;94(2):111-20. Resumo

43. Beutler E. Disorders of hemoglobin structure: sickle cell anemia and related abnormalities. In: Lichtman MA, Beutler E, Kaushansky K, et al, eds. Williams hematology. 7th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2006:667-700.

44. Charache S, Terrin ML, Moore RD, et al. Effect of hydroxyurea on the frequency of painful crises in sickle cell anemia. N Engl J Med. 1995 May 18;332(20):1317-22.Texto completo  Resumo

45. Lanzkron S, Strouse JJ, Wilson R, et al. Systematic review: hydroxyurea for the treatment of adults with sickle cell disease. Ann Intern Med. 2008 Jun 17;148(12):939-55.Texto completo  Resumo

46. Segal JB, Strouse JJ, Beach MC, et al. Hydroxyurea for the treatment of sickle cell disease. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep). 2008 Mar;(165):1-95. Resumo

47. Hankins JS, Ware RE, Rogers ZR, et al. Long-term hydroxyurea therapy for infants with sickle cell anemia: the HUSOFT extension study. Blood. 2005 Oct 1;106(7):2269-75.Texto completo  Resumo

48. Scott JP, Hillery CA, Brown ER, et al. Hydroxyurea therapy in children severely affected with sickle cell disease. J Pediatr. 1996 Jun;128(6):820-8. Resumo

49. Wang WC, Helms RW, Lynn HS, et al. Effect of hydroxyurea on growth in children with sickle cell anemia: results of the HUG-KIDS Study. J Pediatr. 2002 Feb;140(2):225-9. Resumo

50. Wang WC, Ware RE, Miller ST, et al; BABY HUG investigators. Hydroxycarbamide in very young children with sickle-cell anaemia: a multicentre, randomised, controlled trial (BABY HUG). Lancet. 2011 May 14;377(9778):1663-72.Texto completo  Resumo

51. Zimmerman SA, Schultz WH, Davis JS, et al. Sustained long-term hematologic efficacy of hydroxyurea at maximum tolerated dose in children with sickle cell disease. Blood. 2004 Mar 15;103(6):2039-45.Texto completo  Resumo

52. Nevitt SJ, Jones AP, Howard J. Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) for sickle cell disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Apr 20;(4):CD002202.Texto completo  Resumo

53. Ware RE, Helms RW; SWiTCH Investigators. Stroke with transfusions changing to hydroxyurea (SWiTCH). Blood. 2012 Apr 26;119(17):3925-32.Texto completo  Resumo

54. Kinney TR, Helms RW, O'Branski EE, et al. Safety of hydroxyurea in children with sickle cell anemia: results of the HUG-KIDS study, a phase I/II trial. Pediatric Hydroxyurea Group. Blood. 1999 Sep 1;94(5):1550-4.Texto completo  Resumo

55. Steinberg MH, Barton F, Castro O, et al. Effect of hydroxyurea on mortality and morbidity in adult sickle cell anemia: risks and benefits up to 9 years of treatment. JAMA. 2003 Apr 2;289(13):1645-51.Texto completo  Resumo

56. Voskaridou E, Christoulas D, Bilalis A, et al. The effect of prolonged administration of hydroxyurea on morbidity and mortality in adult patients with sickle cell syndromes: results of a 17-year, single-center trial (LaSHS). Blood. 2010 Mar 25;115(12):2354-63.Texto completo  Resumo

57. Steinberg MH, McCarthy WF, Castro O, et al. The risks and benefits of long-term use of hydroxyurea in sickle cell anemia: a 17.5 year follow-up. Am J Hematol. 2010 Jun;85(6):403-8.Texto completo  Resumo

58. Cieri-Hutcherson NE, Hutcherson TC, Conway-Habes EE, et al. Systematic review of i-glutamine for prevention of vaso-occlusive pain crisis in patients with sickle cell disease. Pharmacotherapy. 2019 Nov;39(11):1095-1104. Resumo

59. Niihara Y, Miller ST, Kanter J, et al. A phase 3 trial of L-glutamine in sickle cell disease. N Engl J Med. 2018 Jul 19;379(3):226-35. Resumo

60. Quinn CT. L-glutamine for sickle cell anemia: more questions than answers. Blood. 2018 Aug 16;132(7):689-93. Resumo

61. Ataga KI, Kutlar A, Kanter J, et al. Crizanlizumab for the prevention of pain crises in sickle cell disease. N Engl J Med. 2017 Feb 2;376(5):429-39.Texto completo  Resumo

62. Kutlar A, Kanter J, Liles DK, et al. Effect of crizanlizumab on pain crises in subgroups of patients with sickle cell disease: a SUSTAIN study analysis. Am J Hematol. 2019 Jan;94(1):55-61.Texto completo  Resumo

63. Han J, Saraf SL, Gordeuk VR. Systematic review of crizanlizumab: a new parenteral option to reduce vaso-occlusive pain crises in patients with sickle cell disease. Pharmacotherapy. 2020 Jun;40(6):535-43. Resumo

64. Çanak B, Eşkazan AE. Voxelotor: a new kid on the block in the treatment of sickle cell disease. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 14 Feb 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo  Resumo

65. Vichinsky E, Hoppe CC, Ataga KI, et al. A phase 3 randomized trial of voxelotor in sickle cell disease. N Engl J Med. 2019 Aug 8;381(6):509-19.Texto completo  Resumo

66. Han J, Saraf SL, Gordeuk VR. Systematic review of voxelotor: a first-in-class sickle hemoglobin polymerization inhibitor for management of sickle cell disease. Pharmacotherapy. 2020 Jun;40(6):525-34. Resumo

67. U.S. National Library of medicine. Clinical trials. Study to evaluate the effect of GBT440 on TCD in pediatrics with sickle cell disease (HOPE Kids 2). Dec 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo

68. Vichinsky EP, Haberkern CM, Neumayr L, et al; The Preoperative Transfusion in Sickle Cell Disease Study Group. A comparison of conservative and aggressive transfusion regimens in the perioperative management of sickle cell disease. N Engl J Med. 1995 Jul 27;333(4):206-13.Texto completo  Resumo

69. Estcourt LJ, Kimber C, Trivella M, et al. Preoperative blood transfusions for sickle cell disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Jul 2;(7):CD003149.Texto completo  Resumo

70. Howard J, Malfroy M, Llewelyn C, et al. The Transfusion Alternatives Preoperatively in Sickle Cell Disease (TAPS) study: a randomised, controlled, multicentre clinical trial. Lancet. 2013 Mar 16;381(9870):930-8. Resumo

71. Lee MT, Piomelli S, Granger S, et al. Stroke Prevention Trial in Sickle Cell Anemia (STOP): extended follow-up and final results. Blood. 2006 Aug 1;108(3):847-52.Texto completo  Resumo

72. Adams RJ, Brambilla D. Discontinuing prophylactic transfusions used to prevent stroke in sickle cell disease. N Engl J Med. 2005 Dec 29;353(26):2769-78.Texto completo  Resumo

73. Compernolle V, Chou ST, Tanael S, et al. Red blood cell specifications for patients with hemoglobinopathies: a systematic review and guideline. Transfusion. 2018 Jun;58(6):1555-66. Resumo

74. Chou ST, Alsawas M, Fasano RM, et al. American Society of Hematology 2020 guidelines for sickle cell disease: transfusion support. Blood Adv. 2020 Jan 28;4(2):327-55.Texto completo  Resumo

75. Trompeter S, Massey E, Robinson S, et al. Position paper on International Collaboration for Transfusion Medicine (ICTM) Guideline 'Red blood cell specifications for patients with hemoglobinopathies: a systematic review and guideline'. Br J Haematol. 2020 May;189(3):424-27.Texto completo  Resumo

76. Fasano RM, Meyer EK, Branscomb J, et al. Impact of red blood cell antigen matching on alloimmunization and transfusion complications in patients with sickle cell disease: a systematic review. Transfus Med Rev. 2019 Jan;33(1):12-23. Resumo

77. Oteng-Ntim E, Pavord S, Howard R, et al. Management of sickle cell disease in pregnancy. A British Society for Haematology Guideline. Br J Haematol. 2021 Sep;194(6):980-95.Texto completo  Resumo

78. Boafor TK, Olayemi E, Galadanci N, et al. Pregnancy outcomes in women with sickle-cell disease in low and high income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BJOG. 2016 Apr;123(5):691-8. Resumo

79. Malinowski AK, Shehata N, D'Souza R, et al. Prophylactic transfusion for pregnant women with sickle cell disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Blood. 2015 Nov 19;126(21):2424-35.Texto completo  Resumo

80. Brandow AM, Carroll CP, Creary S, et al. American Society of Hematology 2020 guidelines for sickle cell disease: management of acute and chronic pain. Blood Adv. 2020 Jun 23;4(12):2656-2701.Texto completo  Resumo

81. Jacobson SJ, Kopecky EA, Joshi P, et al. Randomised trial of oral morphine for painful episodes of sickle-cell disease in children. Lancet. 1997 Nov 8;350(9088):1358-61. Resumo

82. Cooper TE, Hambleton IR, Ballas SK, et al. Pharmacological interventions for painful sickle cell vaso-occlusive crises in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Nov 14;2019(11):CD012187.Texto completo  Resumo

83. Aboursheid T, Albaroudi O, Alahdab F. Inhaled nitric oxide for treating pain crises in people with sickle cell disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Oct 11;(10):CD011808.Texto completo  Resumo

84. Dampier CD, Wager CG, Harrison R, et al; Investigators of the Sickle Cell Disease Clinical Research Network (SCDCRN). Impact of PCA strategies on pain intensity and functional assessment measures in adults with sickle cell disease during hospitalized vaso-occlusive episodes. Am J Hematol. 2012 Oct;87(10):E71-4.Texto completo  Resumo

85. Vichinsky EP, Neumayr LD, Earles AN, et al. Causes and outcomes of the acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease. National Acute Chest Syndrome Study Group. N Engl J Med. 2000 Jun 22;342(25):1855-65.Texto completo  Resumo

86. Dolatkhah R, Dastgiri S. Blood transfusions for treating acute chest syndrome in people with sickle cell disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Jan 16;(1):CD007843.Texto completo  Resumo

87. Bundy DG, Richardson TE, Hall M, et al. Association of guideline-adherent antibiotic treatment with readmission of children with sickle cell disease hospitalized with acute chest syndrome. JAMA Pediatr. 2017 Nov 1;171(11):1090-9.Texto completo  Resumo

88. Kanter J, Liem RI, Bernaudin F, et al. American Society of Hematology 2021 guidelines for sickle cell disease: stem cell transplantation. Blood Adv. 2021 Sep 28;5(18):3668-89.Texto completo  Resumo

89. Oringanje C, Nemecek E, Oniyangi O. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for people with sickle cell disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Jul 3;(7):CD007001.Texto completo  Resumo

90. Shenoy S, Angelucci E, Arnold SD, et al. Current results and future research priorities in late effects after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for children with sickle cell disease and thalassemia: a consensus statement from the Second Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant Consortium International Conference on Late Effects after Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2017 Apr;23(4):552-61.Texto completo  Resumo

91. Smith WR, Penberthy LT, Bovbjerg VE, et al. Daily assessment of pain in adults with sickle cell disease. Ann Intern Med. 2008 Jan 15;148(2):94-101. Resumo

92. Anie KA, Green J. Psychological therapies for sickle cell disease and pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 May 8;(5):CD001916.Texto completo  Resumo

93. Webster J, Osborne S, Rickard CM, et al. Clinically-indicated replacement versus routine replacement of peripheral venous catheters. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Jan 23;1(1):CD007798.Texto completo  Resumo

94. Martí-Carvajal AJ, Solà I, Agreda-Pérez LH. Treatment for avascular necrosis of bone in people with sickle cell disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Dec 5;(12):CD004344.Texto completo  Resumo

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97. European Medicines Agency. Restrictions on use of codeine for pain relief in children - CMDh endorses PRAC recommendation. Jun 2013 [internet publication].Texto completo

98. Frangoul H, Altshuler D, Cappellini MD, et al. CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing for sickle cell disease and beta-thalassemia. N Engl J Med. 2021 Jan 21;384(3):252-60.Texto completo  Resumo

99. ​ClinicalTrials.gov. A safety and efficacy study evaluating CTX001 in subjects with severe sickle cell disease. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03745287. Nov 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

100. Locatelli F, Frangoul H, Corbacioglu S, et al. Efficacy and safety of a single dose of CTX001 for transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia and severe sicle cell disease. Paper presented at: European Hematology Association Congress 2022. Vienna, Austria.Texto completo

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102. ​ClinicalTrials.gov. Evaluation of safety and efficacy of CTX001 in pediatric participants with severe sickle cell disease (SCD). ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05329649. Aug 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

103. Kanter J, Walters MC, Krishnamurti L, et al. Biologic and clinical efficacy of LentiGlobin for sickle cell disease. N Engl J Med. 2022 Feb 17;386(7):617-28.Texto completo  Resumo

104. ​ClinicalTrials.gov. A study evaluating gene therapy with BB305 Lentiviral vector in sickle cell disease. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04293185. Sep 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

105. McArthur JG, Svenstrup N, Chen C, et al. A novel, highly potent and selective phosphodiesterase-9 inhibitor for the treatment of sickle cell disease. Haematologica. 2020 Mar; 105(3):623–31.Texto completo  Resumo

106. U.S. National library of medicine. Clinical trials. A study of IMR-687 in subjects with sickle cell disease. Jul 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo

107. ClinicalTrials.gov. A study evaluating the efficacy and safety of Mitapivat (AG-348) in participants with sickle cell disease. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05031780. Mar 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

108. Rab MAE, Van Oirschot BA, Kosinski PA, et al. AG-348 (Mitapivat), an allosteric activator of red blood cell pyruvate kinase, increases enzymatic activity, protein stability, and ATP levels over a broad range of PKLR genotypes. Haematologica. 2021 Jan 1;106(1):238-49.Texto completo  Resumo

109. Elmariah H, Garrett ME, De Castro LM, et al. Factors associated with survival in a contemporary adult sickle cell disease cohort. Am J Hematol. 2014 May;89(5):530-5.Texto completo  Resumo

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111. Ohene-Frempong K, Weiner SJ, Sleeper LA, et al. Cerebrovascular accidents in sickle cell disease: rates and risk factors. Blood. 1998 Jan 1;91(1):288-94.Texto completo  Resumo

112. Stockman JA, Nigro MA, Mishkin MM, et al. Occlusion of large cerebral vessels in sickle-cell anemia. N Engl J Med. 1972 Oct 26;287(17):846-9. Resumo

113. Ware RE, Davis BR, Schultz WH, et al. Hydroxycarbamide versus chronic transfusion for maintenance of transcranial doppler flow velocities in children with sickle cell anaemia-TCD With Transfusions Changing to Hydroxyurea (TWiTCH): a multicentre, open-label, phase 3, non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2016 Feb 13;387(10019):661-70.Texto completo  Resumo

114. Miller ST, Jensen D, Rao SP. Less intensive long-term transfusion therapy for sickle cell anemia and cerebrovascular accident. J Pediatr. 1992 Jan;120(1):54-7. Resumo

115. Estcourt LJ, Kohli R, Hopewell S, et al. Blood transfusion for preventing primary and secondary stroke in people with sickle cell disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Jul 27;(7):CD003146.Texto completo  Resumo

116. Hulbert ML, McKinstry RC, Lacey JL, et al. Silent cerebral infarcts occur despite regular blood transfusion therapy after first strokes in children with sickle cell disease. Blood. 2011 Jan 20;117(3):772-9.Texto completo  Resumo

117. Estcourt LJ, Kimber C, Hopewell S, et al. Interventions for preventing silent cerebral infarcts in people with sickle cell disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Apr 6;(4):CD012389.Texto completo  Resumo

118. Fortin PM, Hopewell S, Estcourt LJ. Red blood cell transfusion to treat or prevent complications in sickle cell disease: an overview of Cochrane reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Aug 1;(8):CD012082.Texto completo  Resumo

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120. Krauss JS, Freant LJ, Lee JR. Gastrointestinal pathology in sickle cell disease. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 1998 Jan-Feb;28(1):19-23. Resumo

121. Omata M, Johnson CS, Tong M, et al. Pathological spectrum of liver diseases in sickle cell disease. Dig Dis Sci. 1986 Mar;31(3):247-56. Resumo

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