Traumatismo de la columna toracolumbar

Referencias

Artículos principales

American College of Surgeons. Best practices guidelines. Spine injury. Mar 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Spinal injury: assessment and initial management. Feb 2016 [internet publication].Texto completo

Fischer PE, Perina DG, Delbridge TR, et al. Spinal motion restriction in the trauma patient - a joint position statement. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2018 Nov-Dec;22(6):659-61.Texto completo  Resumen

O'Toole JE, Kaiser MG, Anderson PA, et al. Congress of Neurological Surgeons systematic review and evidence-based guidelines on the evaluation and treatment of patients with thoracolumbar spine trauma: executive summary. Neurosurgery. 2019 Jan 1;84(1):2-6.Texto completo  Resumen

American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: suspected spine trauma. 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo

Artículos de referencia

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2. Denis F. The three-column spine and its significance in the classification of acute thoracolumbar spinal injuries. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1983 Nov-Dec;8(8):817-31. Resumen

3. Vaccaro AR, Lehman RA, Hurlbert PA, et al. A new classification of thoracolumbar injuries: the importance of injury morphology, the integrity of the posterior ligamentous complex, and neurologic status. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2005 Oct 15;30(20):2325-33. Resumen

4. Lenarz CJ, Place HM. Evaluation of a new spine classification system, does it accurately predict treatment? J Spinal Disord Tech. 2010 May;23(3):192-6. Resumen

5. Vaccaro AR, Baron EM, Sanfilippo J, et al. Reliability of a novel classification system for thoracolumbar injuries: the Thoracolumbar Injury Severity Score. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006 May 15;31(11 suppl):S62-9. Resumen

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7. Ferguson RL, Allen BL Jr. A mechanistic classification of thoracolumbar spine fractures. Clin Orthop Related Res. 1984 Oct;(189):77-88. Resumen

8. Katsuura Y, Osborn JM, Cason GW. The epidemiology of thoracolumbar trauma: a meta-analysis. J Orthop. 2016 Dec;13(4):383-8.Texto completo  Resumen

9. Li B, Sun C, Zhao C, et al. Epidemiological profile of thoracolumbar fracture (TLF) over a period of 10 years in Tianjin, China. J Spinal Cord Med. 2019 Mar;42(2):178-83.Texto completo  Resumen

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29. American College of Surgeons. Best practices guidelines. Spine injury. Mar 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

30. Briggs AM, Wrigley TV, van Dieen JH, et al. The effect of osteoporotic vertebral fracture on predicted spinal loads in vivo. Eur Spine J. 2006 Dec;15(12):1785-95. Resumen

31. Lindsey R, Silverman SL, Cooper C, et al. Risk of new vertebral fracture in the year following a fracture. JAMA. 2001 Jan 17;285(3):320-3.Texto completo  Resumen

32. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Raloxifene and teriparatide for the secondary prevention of osteoporotic fragility fractures in postmenopausal women. Feb 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo

33. Dai LY, Yao WF, Cui YM, et al. Thoracolumbar fractures in patients with multiple injuries: diagnosis and treatment - a review of 147 cases. J Trauma. 2004 Feb;56(2):348-55. Resumen

34. ATLS Subcommittee, American College of Surgeons' Committee on Trauma, International ATLS Working Group. ATLS® advanced trauma life support: tenth edition. Chicago, IL: American College of Surgeons; 2018.

35. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Spinal injury: assessment and initial management. Feb 2016 [internet publication].Texto completo

36. Fischer PE, Perina DG, Delbridge TR, et al. Spinal motion restriction in the trauma patient - a joint position statement. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2018 Nov-Dec;22(6):659-61.Texto completo  Resumen

37. Bickell WH, Wall MJ Jr, Pepe PE, et al. Immediate versus delayed fluid resuscitation for hypotensive patients with penetrating torso injuries. N Engl J Med. 1994 Oct 27;331(17):1105-9.Texto completo  Resumen

38. Morrison CA, Carrick MM, Norman MA, et al. Hypotensive resuscitation strategy reduces transfusion requirements and severe postoperative coagulopathy in trauma patients with hemorrhagic shock: preliminary results of a randomized controlled trial. J Trauma. 2011 Mar;70(3):652-63. Resumen

39. O'Toole JE, Kaiser MG, Anderson PA, et al. Congress of Neurological Surgeons systematic review and evidence-based guidelines on the evaluation and treatment of patients with thoracolumbar spine trauma: executive summary. Neurosurgery. 2019 Jan 1;84(1):2-6.Texto completo  Resumen

40. Velmahos GC, Spaniolas K, Alam HB, et al. Falls from height: spine, spine, spine! J Am Coll Surg. 2006 Nov;203(5):605-11. Resumen

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42. Inaba K, Nosanov L, Menaker J, et al. Prospective derivation of a clinical decision rule for thoracolumbar spine evaluation after blunt trauma: an American Association for the Surgery of Trauma multi-institutional trials group study. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2015 Mar;78(3):459-65; discussion 465-7. Resumen

43. VandenBerg J, Cullison K, Fowler SA, et al. Blunt thoracolumbar-spine trauma evaluation in the emergency department: a meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy for history, physical examination, and imaging. J Emerg Med. 2019 Feb;56(2):153-65. Resumen

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46. Hsu JM, Joseph T, Ellis AM. Thoracolumbar fracture in blunt trauma patients: guidelines for diagnosis and imaging. Injury. 2003 Jun;34(6):426-33. Resumen

47. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: suspected spine trauma. 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo

48. Bolesta MJ, Bohlman HH. Mediastinal widening associated with fractures of the upper thoracic spine. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1991 Mar;73(3):447-50. Resumen

49. Mathews JD, Forsythe AV, Brady Z, et al. Cancer risk in 680,000 people exposed to computed tomography scans in childhood or adolescence: data linkage study of 11 million Australians. BMJ. 2013 May 21;346:f2360.Texto completo  Resumen

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51. Kemp AM, Joshi AH, Mann M, et al. What are the clinical and radiological characteristics of spinal injuries from physical abuse: a systematic review. Arch Dis Child. 2010 May;95(5):355-60. Resumen

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53. Kirshblum SC, Burns SP, Biering-Sorensen F, et al. International standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury (revised 2011). J Spinal Cord Med. 2011 Nov;34(6):535-46.Texto completo  Resumen

54. Terk MR, Hume-Neal M, Fraipont M, et al. Injury of the posterior ligament complex in patients with acute spinal trauma: evaluation by MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1997 Jun;168(6):1481-6. Resumen

55. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: low back pain. 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

56. American Spinal Injury Association. International standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury. Chicago, IL: American Spinal Injury Association; 2000:1-23.

57. Bucholz RM, Heckman JD. Rockwood and Green's fractures in adults, 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2002:1303.

58. Blood pressure management after acute spinal cord injury. Neurosurgery. 2002 Mar;50(3 suppl):S58-62. Resumen

59. Greenberg MS. Handbook of neurosurgery, 6th ed. New York, NY: Thieme New York; 2005:747.

60. Hitchon PW, Jurf AA, Kernstine K, et al. Management options in thoracolumbar fractures. Contemp Neurosurg. 2000 Nov;22(21):1-12.

61. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Appraisal consultation document: alendronate, etidronate, risedronate, raloxifene, strontium ranelate and teriparatide for the secondary prevention of osteoporotic fragility fractures in postmenopausal women (TA161). Feb 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo

62. Huntjens KM, van Geel TA, van den Bergh JP, et al. Fracture liaison service: impact on subsequent nonvertebral fracture incidence and mortality. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2014 Feb 19;96(4):e29. Resumen

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64. Lovi A, Teli M, Ortalina A, et al. Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty: complementary techniques for the treatment of painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: a prospective non-randomised study on 154 patients. Eur Spine J. 2009 Jun;18 Suppl 1:95-101. Resumen

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66. Buchbinder R, Johnston RV, Rischin KJ, et al. Percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Nov 6;(11):CD006349.Texto completo  Resumen

67. Ström O, Leonard C, Marsh D, et al. Cost-effectiveness of balloon kyphoplasty in patients with symptomatic vertebral compression fractures in a UK setting. Osteoporos Int. 2010 Sep;21(9):1599-608. Resumen

68. Bakhsheshian J, Dahdaleh NS, Fakurnejad S, et al. Evidence-based management of traumatic thoracolumbar burst fractures: a systematic review of nonoperative management. Neurosurg Focus. 2014;37(1):E1.Texto completo  Resumen

69. Cantor JB, Lebwohl NH, Garvey T, et al. Nonoperative management of stable thoracolumbar burst fractures with early ambulation and bracing. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1993 Jun 15;18(8):971-6. Resumen

70. Shen WJ, Shen YS. Nonsurgical treatment of three-column thoracolumbar junction burst fractures without neurologic deficit. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1999 Feb 15;24(4):412-5. Resumen

71. Alanay A, Yazici M, Acaroglu E, et al. Course of nonsurgical management of burst fractures with intact posterior ligamentous complex: an MRI study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2004 Nov 1;29(21):2425-31. Resumen

72. Hoh DJ, Qureshi S, Anderson PA, et al. Congress of neurological surgeons systematic review and evidence-based guidelines on the evaluation and treatment of patients with thoracolumbar spine trauma: nonoperative care. Neurosurgery. 2019 Jan 1;84(1):E46-9.Texto completo  Resumen

73. Urquhart JC, Alrehaili OA, Fisher CG, et al. Treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures: extended follow-up of a randomized clinical trial comparing orthosis versus no orthosis. J Neurosurg Spine. 2017 Jul;27(1):42-7.Texto completo  Resumen

74. Bailey CS, Urquhart JC, Dvorak MF, et al. Orthosis versus no orthosis for the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures without neurologic injury: a multicenter prospective randomized equivalence trial. Spine J. 2014 Nov 1;14(11):2557-64. Resumen

75. Shamji MF, Roffey DM, Young DK, et al. A pilot evaluation of the role of bracing in stable thoracolumbar burst fractures without neurological deficit. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2014 Oct;27(7):370-5. Resumen

76. Post RB, Keizer HJ, Leferink VJ, et al. Functional outcome 5 years after non-operative treatment of type A spinal fractures. Eur Spine J. 2006 Apr;15(4):472-8. Resumen

77. Peev N, Zileli M, Sharif S, et al. Indications for nonsurgical treatment of thoracolumbar spine fractures: WFNS Spine Committee recommendations. Neurospine. 2021 Dec;18(4):713-24.Texto completo  Resumen

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79. Dunn HK. Anterior stabilization of thoracolumbar injuries. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1984 Oct;(189):116-24. Resumen

80. Benzel EC, Larson SJ. Functional recovery after decompressive operation for thoracic and lumbar spine fractures. Neurosurgery. 1986 Nov;19(5):772-8. Resumen

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82. Ma Y, Li X, Dong J. Is it useful to apply transpedicular intracorporeal bone grafting to unstable thoracolumbar fractures? A systematic review. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2012 Dec;154(12):2205-13. Resumen

83. Cheng LM, Wang JJ, Zeng ZL, et al. Pedicle screw fixation for traumatic fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 May 31;(5):CD009073.Texto completo  Resumen

84. Tian NF, Wu YS, Zhang XL, et al. Fusion versus nonfusion for surgically treated thoracolumbar burst fractures: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2013 May 21;8(5):e63995.Texto completo  Resumen

85. Xu GJ, Li ZJ, Ma JX, et al. Anterior versus posterior approach for treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures: a meta-analysis. Eur Spine J. 2013 Oct;22(10):2176-83. Resumen

86. Korovessis P, Baikousis A, Zacharatos S, et al. Combined anterior plus posterior stabilization versus posterior short-segment instrumentation and fusion for mid-lumbar (L2-L4) burst fractures. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006 Apr 15;31(8):859-68. Resumen

87. Hao D, Wang W, Duan K, et al. Two-year follow-up evaluation of surgical treatment for thoracolumbar fracture-dislocation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2014 Oct 1;39(21):E1284-90. Resumen

88. Wood K, Buttermann G, Mehbod A, et al. Operative compared with nonoperative treatment of a thoracolumbar burst fracture without neurological deficit. A prospective, randomized study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003 May;85(5):773-81. Resumen

89. Lin B, Chen ZW, Guo ZM, et al. Anterior approach versus posterior approach with subtotal corpectomy, decompression, and reconstruction of spine in the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures: a prospective randomized controlled study. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2012 Aug;25(6):309-17. Resumen

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91. Wu H, Gao ZL, Wang JC, et al. Pedicle screw placement in the thoracic spine: a randomized comparison study of computer-assisted navigation and conventional techniques. Chin J Traumatol. 2010 Aug 1;13(4):201-5. Resumen

92. Gelalis ID, Paschos NK, Pakos EE, et al. Accuracy of pedicle screw placement: a systematic review of prospective in vivo studies comparing free hand, fluoroscopy guidance and navigation techniques. Eur Spine J. 2012 Feb;21(2):247-55. Resumen

93. Verma R, Krishan S, Haendlmayer K, et al. Functional outcome of computer-assisted spinal pedicle screw placement: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 23 studies including 5,992 pedicle screws. Eur Spine J. 2010 Mar;19(3):370-5.Texto completo  Resumen

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96. Kantelhardt SR, Martinez R, Baerwinkel S, et al. Perioperative course and accuracy of screw positioning in conventional, open robotic-guided and percutaneous robotic-guided, pedicle screw placement. Eur Spine J. 2011 Jun;20(6):860-8.Texto completo  Resumen

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101. Milligan J, Lee J, McMillan C, et al. Autonomic dysreflexia: recognizing a common serious condition in patients with spinal cord injury. Can Fam Physician. 2012 Aug;58(8):831-5.Texto completo  Resumen

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103. Bracken MB, Sheppard MJ, Collins WF, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of methylprednisolone or naloxone in the treatment of acute spinal-cord injury: results of the Second National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study. N Engl J Med. 1990 May 17;322(20):1405-11. Resumen

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112. Chow DS, Teng Y, Toups EG, et al. Pharmacology of riluzole in acute spinal cord injury. J Neurosurg Spine. 2012 Sep;17(1 suppl):129-40. Resumen

113. Grossman RG, Fehlings MG, Frankowski RF, et al. A prospective, multicenter, phase I matched-comparison group trial of safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary efficacy of riluzole in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma. 2014 Feb 1;31(3):239-55.Texto completo  Resumen

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115. ClinicalTrials.gov. Riluzole in spinal cord injury study (RISCIS). Apr 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

116. ClinicalTrials.gov. Minocycline in acute spinal cord injury (MASC). Oct 2014 [internet publication].Texto completo

117. Casha S, Zygun D, McGowan MD, et al. Results of a phase II placebo-controlled randomized trial of minocycline in acute spinal cord injury. Brain. 2012 Apr;135(Pt 4):1224-36.Texto completo  Resumen

118. Fehlings MG, Theodore N, Harrop J, et al. A phase I/IIa clinical trial of a recombinant Rho protein antagonist in acute spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma. 2011 May;28(5):787-96. Resumen

119. Harkema S, Gerasimenko Y, Hodes J, et al. Effect of epidural stimulation of the lumbosacral spinal cord on voluntary movement, standing, and assisted stepping after motor complete paraplegia: a case study. Lancet. 2011 Jun 4;377(9781):1938-47.Texto completo  Resumen

120. ClinicalTrials.gov. Neuromodulation techniques after SCI. Apr 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

121. Geffner LF, Santacruz P, Izurieta M, et al. Administration of autologous bone marrow stem cells into spinal cord injury patients via multiple routes is safe and improves their quality of life: comprehensive case studies. Cell Transplant. 2008;17(12):1277-93. Resumen

122. Yoon SH, Shim YS, Park YH, et al. Complete spinal cord injury treatment using autologous bone marrow cell transplantation and bone marrow stimulation with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor: phase I/II clinical trial. Stem Cells. 2007 Aug;25(8):2066-73.Texto completo  Resumen

123. Knoller N, Auerbach G, Fulga V, et al. Clinical experience using incubated autologous macrophages as a treatment for complete spinal cord injury: phase I study results. J Neurosurg Spine. 2005 Sep;3(3):173-81. Resumen

124. Lammertse DP, Jones LA, Charlifue SB, et al. Autologous incubated macrophage therapy in acute, complete spinal cord injury: results of the phase 2 randomized controlled multicenter trial. Spinal Cord. 2012 Sep;50(9):661-71. Resumen

125. Lima C, Escada P, Pratas-Vital J, et al. Olfactory mucosal autografts and rehabilitation for chronic traumatic spinal cord injury. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2010 Jan;24(1):10-22. Resumen

126. Clohisy JC, Akbarnia BA, Bucholz RD, et al. Neurologic recovery associated with anterior decompression of spine fractures at the thoracolumbar junction (T12-L1). Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1992 Aug;17(8 suppl):S325-30. Resumen

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128. Tator CH, Duncan EG, Edmonds VE, et al. Comparison of surgical and conservative management in 208 patients with acute spinal cord injury. Can J Neurol Sci. 1987 Feb;14(1):60-9. Resumen

129. Frankel HL, Hancock DO, Hyslop G, et al. The value of postural reduction in the initial management of closed injuries of the spine with paraplegia and tetraplegia. I. Paraplegia. 1969 Nov;7(3):179-92. Resumen

130. Dai LY, Jiang SD, Wang XY, et al. A review of the management of thoracolumbar burst fractures. Surg Neurol. 2007 Mar;67(3):221-31. Resumen

131. Thomas KC, Bailey CS, Dvorak MF, et al. Comparison of operative and nonoperative treatment for thoracolumbar burst fractures in patients without neurological deficit: a systematic review. J Neurosurg Spine. 2006 May;4(5):351-8. Resumen

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