Diabetes mellitus gestacional

Metzger BE, Gabbe SG, Persson B, et al; International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups Consensus Panel. International association of diabetes and pregnancy study groups recommendations on the diagnosis and classification of hyperglycemia in pregnancy. Diabetes Care. 2010 Mar;33(3):676-82.Texto completo  Resumen

Diagnostic criteria and classification of hyperglycaemia first detected in pregnancy: a World Health Organization Guideline. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2014 Mar;103(3):341-63.Texto completo  Resumen

American Diabetes Association. Standards of care in diabetes - 2023. Diabetes Care. 2023 Jan;46(Suppl 1):S1-291.Texto completo

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Diabetes in pregnancy: management from preconception to the postnatal period. Dec 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo

Plows JF, Stanley JL, Baker PN, et al. The pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Oct 26;19(11):E3342.Texto completo  Resumen

1. Metzger BE, Gabbe SG, Persson B, et al; International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups Consensus Panel. International association of diabetes and pregnancy study groups recommendations on the diagnosis and classification of hyperglycemia in pregnancy. Diabetes Care. 2010 Mar;33(3):676-82.Texto completo  Resumen

2. Diagnostic criteria and classification of hyperglycaemia first detected in pregnancy: a World Health Organization Guideline. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2014 Mar;103(3):341-63.Texto completo  Resumen

3. American Diabetes Association. Standards of care in diabetes - 2023. Diabetes Care. 2023 Jan;46(Suppl 1):S1-291.Texto completo

4. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Diabetes in pregnancy: management from preconception to the postnatal period. Dec 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo

5. Hare JW, White P. Gestational diabetes and the White classification. Diabetes Care. 1980 Mar;3(2):394.Texto completo

6. International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas. 10th ed. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation; 2021.Texto completo

7. Pu J, Zhao B, Wang EJ, et al. Racial/ethnic differences in gestational diabetes prevalence and contribution of common risk factors. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2015 Jul 22;29(5):436-43. Resumen

8. Yuen L, Wong VW. Gestational diabetes mellitus: challenges for different ethnic groups. World J Diabetes. 2015 Jul 25;6(8):1024-32.Texto completo  Resumen

9. Chamberlain C, McNamara B, Williams ED, et al. Diabetes in pregnancy among indigenous women in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2013 May;29(4):241-56.Texto completo  Resumen

10. Nguyen CL, Pham NM, Binns CW, et al. Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in eastern and southeastern Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Diabetes Res. 2018 Feb 20;2018:6536974.Texto completo  Resumen

11. Gao C, Sun X, Lu L, et al. Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in mainland China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Diabetes Investig. 2018 May 27;10(1):154-62.Texto completo  Resumen

12. Gao F, Luo H, Jones K, et al. Gestational diabetes and health behaviors among women: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2014. Prev Chronic Dis. 2018 Oct 25;15:E131.Texto completo  Resumen

13. Hedderson M, Ehrlich S, Sridhar S, et al. Racial/ethnic disparities in the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus by BMI. Diabetes Care. 2012 May 22;35(7):1492-8.Texto completo  Resumen

14. Ferrara A. Increasing prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus: a public health perspective. Diabetes Care. 2007 Jul;30 Suppl 2:S141-6.Texto completo  Resumen

15. Muche AA, Olayemi OO, Gete YK. Prevalence and determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus in Africa based on the updated international diagnostic criteria: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Public Health. 2019;77:36.Texto completo  Resumen

16. Plows JF, Stanley JL, Baker PN, et al. The pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Oct 26;19(11):E3342.Texto completo  Resumen

17. Egan AM, Vellinga A, Harreiter J, et al; DALI Core Investigator group. Epidemiology of gestational diabetes mellitus according to IADPSG/WHO 2013 criteria among obese pregnant women in Europe. Diabetologia. 2017 Oct;60(10):1913-21.Texto completo  Resumen

18. Kim C, Berger DK, Chamany S. Recurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Diabetes Care. 2007 May;30(5):1314-9.Texto completo  Resumen

19. Cossrow N, Falkner B. Race/ethnic issues in obesity and obesity-related comorbidities. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Jun;89(6):2590-4. Resumen

20. Lo JC, Feigenbaum SL, Escobar GJ, et al. Increased prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus among women with diagnosed polycystic ovary syndrome: a population-based study. Diabetes Care. 2006 Aug;29(8):1915-7.Texto completo  Resumen

21. Norman RJ, Dewailly D, Legro RS, et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Lancet. 2007 Aug 25;370(9588):685-97. Resumen

22. Metzger BE, Buchanan TA, Coustan DR, et al. Summary and recommendations of the Fifth International Workshop-Conference on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2007 Jul;30 Suppl 2:S251-60.Texto completo  Resumen

23. Weintrob N, Karp M, Hod M. Short- and long-range complications in offspring of diabetic mothers. J Diabetes Complications. 1996 Sep-Oct;10(5):294-301. Resumen

24. Metzger BE, Lowe LP, Dyer AR, et al; HAPO Study Cooperative Research Group. Hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes. N Engl J Med. 2008 May 8;358(19):1991-2002.Texto completo  Resumen

25. Solomon CG, Willett WC, Carey VJ, et al. A prospective study of pregravid determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus. JAMA. 1997 Oct 1;278(13):1078-83. Resumen

26. Kaspar D, Hastreiter S, Irmler M, et al. Nutrition and its role in epigenetic inheritance of obesity and diabetes across generations. Mamm Genome. 2020 Jun;31(5-6):119-133.Texto completo  Resumen

27. Willi C, Bodenmann P, Ghali WA, et al. Active smoking and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2007 Dec 12;298(22):2654-64. Resumen

28. Kjerulff LE, Sanchez-Ramos L, Duffy D. Pregnancy outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a metaanalysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011 Jun;204(6):558.e1-6. Resumen

29. Donazar-Ezcurra M, López-Del Burgo C, Bes-Rastrollo M. Primary prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus through nutritional factors: a systematic review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2017 Jan 13;17(1):30.Texto completo  Resumen

30. Tieu J, Shepherd E, Middleton P, et al. Interconception care for women with a history of gestational diabetes for improving maternal and infant outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Aug 24;(8):CD010211.Texto completo  Resumen

31. Martínez-Hortelano JA, Cavero-Redondo I, Álvarez-Bueno C, et al. Interpregnancy weight change and gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2021 Feb;29(2):454-64. Resumen

32. Davenport MH, Ruchat SM, Poitras VJ, et al. Prenatal exercise for the prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2018 Nov;52(21):1367-75. Resumen

33. Institute of Medicine (US) and National Research Council (US) Committee to Reexamine IOM Pregnancy Weight Guidelines. Weight gain during pregnancy: reexamining the guidelines. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2009.Texto completo  Resumen

34. Koivusalo SB, Rönö K, Klemetti MM, et al. Gestational diabetes mellitus can be prevented by lifestyle intervention: The Finnish Gestational Diabetes Prevention Study (RADIEL): a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2016 Jan;39(1):24-30.Texto completo  Resumen

35. Shepherd E, Gomersall JC, Tieu J, et al. Combined diet and exercise interventions for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Nov 13;(11):CD010443.Texto completo  Resumen

36. Griffith RJ, Alsweiler J, Moore AE, et al. Interventions to prevent women from developing gestational diabetes mellitus: an overview of Cochrane Reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Jun 11;(6):CD012394.Texto completo  Resumen

37. Chatzakis C, Goulis DG, Mareti E, et al. Prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus in overweight or obese pregnant women: A network meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019 Dec;158:107924. Resumen

38. Skouteris H, Morris H, Nagle C, et al. Behavior modification techniques used to prevent gestational diabetes: a systematic review of the literature. Curr Diab Rep. 2014 Apr;14(4):480. Resumen

39. Syngelaki A, Nicolaides KH, Balani J, et al. Metformin versus placebo in obese pregnant women without diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 2016 Feb 4;374(5):434-43. Resumen

40. Dodd JM, Louise J, Deussen AR, et al. Effect of metformin in addition to dietary and lifestyle advice for pregnant women who are overweight or obese: the GRoW randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018 Dec 4;7(1):15-24. Resumen

41. Agarwal MM, Dhatt GS, Punnose J, et al. Gestational diabetes: a reappraisal of HBA1c as a screening test. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2005 Dec;84(12):1159-63. Resumen

42. Agarwal MM, Hughes PF, Punnose J, et al. Gestational diabetes screening of a multiethnic, high-risk population using glycated proteins. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2001 Jan;51(1):67-73. Resumen

43. Boulvain M, Thornton JG. Induction of labour at or near term for suspected fetal macrosomia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Mar 8;3(3):CD000938.Texto completo  Resumen

44. ​Spencer R, Bird L, Iqbal S. A service evaluation of local gestational diabetes mellitus guidelines in England. Abstract EP.0149. BJOG 2023;130:S2:p226-27.

45. Spencer R, Bird L, Iqbal S. A service evaluation into the differences in testing and management of gestational diabetes mellitus in England. Poster presented at: RCOG World Congress. 12-14 June 2023. London, UK.Texto completo

46. Benhalima K, Minschart C, Ceulemans D, et al. Screening and management of gestational diabetes mellitus after bariatric surgery. Nutrients. 2018 Oct 11;10(10):1479.Texto completo  Resumen

47. Ciangura C, Coupaye M, Deruelle P, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for childbearing female candidates for bariatric surgery, pregnancy, and post-partum management after bariatric surgery. Obes Surg. 2019 Nov;29(11):3722-34. Resumen

48. Shawe J, Ceulemans D, Akhter Z, et al. Pregnancy after bariatric surgery: consensus recommendations for periconception, antenatal and postnatal care. Obes Rev. 2019 Nov;20(11):1507-22.Texto completo  Resumen

49. ACOG Committee on Practice Bulletins. ACOG practice bulletin no. 105: bariatric surgery and pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2009 Jun;113(6):1405-13. Resumen

50. Committee on Practice Bulletins - Obstetrics. ACOG practice bulletin no. 190: gestational diabetes mellitus. Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Feb;131(2):e49-64. Resumen

51. Vandorsten JP, Dodson WC, Espeland MA, et al. NIH consensus development conference: diagnosing gestational diabetes mellitus. NIH Consens State Sci Statements. 2013 Mar 6;29(1):1-31. Resumen

52. US Preventive Services Task Force. Gestational diabetes: screening. Aug 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

53. Hod M, Kapur A, Sacks DA, et al. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) initiative on gestational diabetes mellitus: a pragmatic guide for diagnosis, management, and care. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2015 Oct;131 Suppl 3:S173-211.Texto completo  Resumen

54. World Health Organization. Classification of diabetes mellitus. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019.Texto completo

55. Stacey T, Tennant P, McCowan L, et al. Gestational diabetes and the risk of late stillbirth: a case-control study from England, UK. BJOG. 2019 Jul;126(8):973-82. Resumen

56. Donovan L, Hartling L, Muise M, et al. Screening tests for gestational diabetes: a systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2013 Jul 16;159(2):115-22.Texto completo  Resumen

57. Falavigna M, Schmidt MI, Trujillo J, et al. Effectiveness of gestational diabetes treatment: a systematic review with quality of evidence assessment. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2012 Dec;98(3):396-405. Resumen

58. Hartling L, Dryden DM, Guthrie A, et al. Benefits and harms of treating gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force and the National Institutes of Health Office of Medical Applications of Research. Ann Intern Med. 2013 Jul 16;159(2):123-9.Texto completo  Resumen

59. Martis R, Crowther CA, Shepherd E, et al. Treatments for women with gestational diabetes mellitus: an overview of Cochrane systematic reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Aug 14;(8):CD012327.Texto completo  Resumen

60. Brown J, Alwan NA, West J, et al. Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 May 4;(5):CD011970.Texto completo  Resumen

61. Durnwald CP, Mele L, Spong CY, et al. Glycemic characteristics and neonatal outcomes of women treated for mild gestational diabetes. Obstet Gynecol. 2011 Apr;117(4):819-27.Texto completo  Resumen

62. Han S, Middleton P, Shepherd E, et al. Different types of dietary advice for women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Feb 25;(2):CD009275.Texto completo  Resumen

63. Gabbe SG, Graves CR. Management of diabetes mellitus complicating pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2003 Oct;102(4):857-68. Resumen

64. Franz MJ, Bantle JP, Beebe CA, et al. Evidence-based nutrition principles and recommendations for the treatment and prevention of diabetes and related complications. Diabetes Care. 2002 Jan;25(1):148-98.Texto completo  Resumen

65. Viana LV, Gross JL, Azevedo MJ. Dietary intervention in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials on maternal and newborn outcomes. Diabetes Care. 2014 Dec;37(12):3345-55.Texto completo  Resumen

66. Harrison AL, Shields N, Taylor NF, et al. Exercise improves glycaemic control in women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. J Physiother. 2016 Oct;62(4):188-96.Texto completo  Resumen

67. Barbour LA, Feig DS. Metformin for gestational diabetes mellitus: progeny, perspective, and a personalized approach. Diabetes Care. 2019 Mar;42(3):396-9.Texto completo  Resumen

68. Brand KMG, Saarelainen L, Sonajalg J, et al. Metformin in pregnancy and risk of adverse long-term outcomes: a register-based cohort study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2022 Jan;10(1):e002363.Texto completo  Resumen

69. Nicholson W, Bolen S, Witkop CT, et al. Benefits and risks of oral diabetes agents compared with insulin in women with gestational diabetes: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol. 2009 Jan;113(1):193-205. Resumen

70. Tarry-Adkins JL, Ozanne SE, Aiken CE. Impact of metformin treatment during pregnancy on maternal outcomes: a systematic review/meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2021 Apr 29;11(1):9240.Texto completo  Resumen

71. Schwartz RA, Rosenn B, Aleksa K, et al. Glyburide transport across the human placenta. Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Mar;125(3):583-8. Resumen

72. Vanky E, Zahlsen K, Spigset O, et al. Placental passage of metformin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2005 May;83(5):1575-8.Texto completo  Resumen

73. Eyal S, Easterling TR, Carr D, et al. Pharmacokinetics of metformin during pregnancy. Drug Metab Dispos. 2010 May;38(5):833-40. Resumen

74. Rowan JA, Rush EC, Obolonkin V, et al. Metformin in gestational diabetes: the offspring follow-up (MiG TOFU): body composition at 2 years of age. Diabetes Care. 2011 Oct;34(10):2279-84.Texto completo  Resumen

75. Ijäs H, Vääräsmäki M, Saarela T, et al. A follow-up of a randomised study of metformin and insulin in gestational diabetes mellitus: growth and development of the children at the age of 18 months. BJOG. 2015 Jun;122(7):994-1000. Resumen

76. Rowan JA, Hague WM, Gao W, et al; MiG Trial Investigators. Metformin versus insulin for the treatment of gestational diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008 May 8;358(19):2003-15.Texto completo  Resumen

77. Tarry-Adkins JL, Aiken CE, Ozanne SE. Comparative impact of pharmacological treatments for gestational diabetes on neonatal anthropometry independent of maternal glycaemic control: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med. 2020 May;17(5):e1003126.Texto completo  Resumen

78. Feig DS, Donovan LE, Zinman B, et al. Metformin in women with type 2 diabetes in pregnancy (MiTy): a multicentre, international, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020 Oct;8(10):834-44. Resumen

79. Balsells M, García-Patterson A, Solà I, et al. Glibenclamide, metformin, and insulin for the treatment of gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2015 Jan 21;350:h102.Texto completo  Resumen

80. Brown J, Grzeskowiak L, Williamson K, et al. Insulin for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Nov 5;(11):CD012037.Texto completo  Resumen

81. Edson EJ, Bracco OL, Vambergue A, et al. Managing diabetes during pregnancy with insulin lispro: a safe alternative to human insulin. Endocrine Pract. 2010 Nov-Dec;16(6):1020-7. Resumen

82. Pollex E, Moretti ME, Koren G, et al. Safety of insulin glargine use in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Pharmacother. 2011 Jan;45(1):9-16. Resumen

83. Singh SR, Ahmad F, Lal A, et al. Efficacy and safety of insulin analogues for the management of diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. CMAJ. 2009 Feb 17;180(4):385-97. Resumen

84. Wang H, Wender-Ozegowska E, Garne E, et al. Insulin analogues use in pregnancy among women with pregestational diabetes mellitus and risk of congenital anomaly: a retrospective population-based cohort study. BMJ Open. 2018 Feb 24;8(2):e014972.Texto completo  Resumen

85. Lv S, Wang J, Xu Y. Safety of insulin analogs during pregnancy: a meta-analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2015 Apr 9;292(4):749-56. Resumen

86. Doder Z, Vanechanos D, Oster M, et al. Insulin glulisine in pregnancy - experience from clinical trials and post-marketing surveillance. Eur Endocrinol. 2015 Apr 11;11(1):17-20.Texto completo  Resumen

87. NHS England. Saving babies’ lives version three: a care bundle for reducing perinatal mortality. Jun 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

88. Scifres CM, Feghali M, Dumont T, et al. Large-for-gestational-age ultrasound diagnosis and risk for cesarean delivery in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Nov;126(5):978-86. Resumen

89. Macrosomia: ACOG practice bulletin, number 216. Obstet Gynecol. 2020 Jan;135(1):e18-e35. Resumen

90. Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care Group (JBDS-IP). Managing diabetes and hyperglycaemia during labour and birth. Feb 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

91. Curet LB, Izquierdo LA, Gilson GJ, et al. Relative effects of antepartum and intrapartum maternal blood glucose levels on incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia. J Perinatol. 1997 Mar-Apr;17(2):113-5. Resumen

92. Kitzmiller JL, Dang-Kilduff L, Taslimi MM. Gestational diabetes after delivery. Short-term management and long-term risks. Diabetes Care. 2007 Jul;30 Suppl 2:S225-35.Texto completo  Resumen

93. Feig DS, Donovan LE, Corcoy R, et al. Continuous glucose monitoring in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes (CONCEPTT): a multicentre international randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2017 Nov 25;390(10110):2347-59.Texto completo  Resumen

94. Law GR, Alnaji A, Alrefaii L, et al. Suboptimal nocturnal glucose control is associated with large for gestational age in treated gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2019 May;42(5):810-5.Texto completo  Resumen

95. Yu Q, Aris IM, Tan KH, et al. Application and utility of continuous glucose monitoring in pregnancy: a systematic review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2019;10:697.Texto completo  Resumen

96. Schwartz N, Nachum Z, Green MS. Risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus recurrence: a meta-analysis. Endocrine. 2016 Sep;53(3):662-71. Resumen

97. Daly B, Toulis KA, Thomas N, et al. Increased risk of ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus, a target group in general practice for preventive interventions: A population-based cohort study. PLoS Med. 2018 Jan;15(1):e1002488.Texto completo  Resumen

98. Maas AHEM, Rosano G, Cifkova R, et al. Cardiovascular health after menopause transition, pregnancy disorders, and other gynaecologic conditions: a consensus document from European cardiologists, gynaecologists, and endocrinologists. Eur Heart J. 2021 Mar 7;42(10):967-84.Texto completo  Resumen

99. Lowe WL Jr, Scholtens DM, Lowe LP, et al. Association of gestational diabetes with maternal disorders of glucose metabolism and childhood adiposity. JAMA. 2018 Sep 11;320(10):1005-16.Texto completo  Resumen

100. Diaz-Santana MV, O'Brien KM, Park YM, et al. Persistence of risk for type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2022 Apr 1;45(4):864-70. Resumen

101. Ratner RE, Christophi CA, Metzger BE, et al; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Prevention of diabetes in women with a history of gestational diabetes: effects of metformin and lifestyle interventions. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Dec;93(12):4774-9.Texto completo  Resumen

102. Li Z, Cheng Y, Wang D, et al. Incidence rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus after gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 170,139 women. J Diabetes Res. 2020;2020:3076463.Texto completo  Resumen

103. Vounzoulaki E, Khunti K, Abner SC, et al. Progression to type 2 diabetes in women with a known history of gestational diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2020 May 13;369:m1361.Texto completo  Resumen

104. Cryer PE, Davis SN, Shamoon H. Hypoglycemia in diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2003 Jun;26(6):1902-12.Texto completo  Resumen

105. Aroda VR, Christophi CA, Edelstein SL, et al. The effect of lifestyle intervention and metformin on preventing or delaying diabetes among women with and without gestational diabetes: the Diabetes Prevention Program outcomes study 10-year follow-up. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Apr;100(4):1646-53.Texto completo  Resumen

106. Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Long-term Effects of Metformin on Diabetes Prevention: Identification of Subgroups That Benefited Most in the Diabetes Prevention Program and Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. Diabetes Care. 2019 Apr;42(4):601-608.Texto completo  Resumen

107. Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C. Development and validation of QDiabetes-2018 risk prediction algorithm to estimate future risk of type 2 diabetes: cohort study. BMJ. 2017 Nov 20;359:j5019.Texto completo  Resumen

108. Gorgal R, Gonçalves E, Barros M, et al. Gestational diabetes mellitus: a risk factor for non-elective cesarean section. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2012 Jan;38(1):154-9. Resumen

109. Hawkins JS, Casey BM. Labor and delivery management in women with diabetes. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2007 Jun;34(2):323-34. Resumen

110. Crowther CA, Hiller JE, Moss JR, et al; Australian Carbohydrate Intolerance Study in Pregnant Women (ACHOIS) Trial Group. Effect of treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus on pregnancy outcomes. N Engl J Med. 2005 Jun 16;352(24):2477-86.Texto completo  Resumen

111. Saravanan P, Diabetes in Pregnancy Working Group., Maternal Medicine Clinical Study Group., et al. Gestational diabetes: opportunities for improving maternal and child health. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020 Sep;8(9):793-800. Resumen

112. Kramer CK, Campbell S, Retnakaran R. Gestational diabetes and the risk of cardiovascular disease in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia. 2019 Mar 7;62(6):905-14.Texto completo  Resumen

113. Mosca L, Benjamin EJ, Berra K, et al. Effectiveness-based guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in women - 2011 update: a guideline from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2011 Mar 22;123(11):1243-62.Texto completo  Resumen

114. Matias SL, Dewey KG, Quesenberry CP Jr, et al. Maternal prepregnancy obesity and insulin treatment during pregnancy are independently associated with delayed lactogenesis in women with recent gestational diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Jan;99(1):115-21.Texto completo  Resumen

115. Dennison RA, Chen ES, Green ME, et al. The absolute and relative risk of type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 129 studies. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2021 Jan;171:108625.Texto completo  Resumen

116. Li N, Yang Y, Cui D, et al. Effects of lifestyle intervention on long-term risk of diabetes in women with prior gestational diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obes Rev. 2021 Jan;22(1):e13122. Resumen

117. Gunderson EP, Hedderson MM, Chiang V, et al. Lactation intensity and postpartum maternal glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in women with recent GDM: the SWIFT cohort. Diabetes Care. 2012 Jan;35(1):50-6.Texto completo  Resumen

118. Stuebe AM, Rich-Edwards JW, Willett WC, et al. Duration of lactation and incidence of type 2 diabetes. JAMA. 2005 Nov 23;294(20):2601-10.Texto completo  Resumen

119. American Diabetes Association. Consensus development conference on the diagnosis of coronary heart disease in people with diabetes: 10-11 February 1998, Miami, Florida. Diabetes Care. 1998 Sep;21(9):1551-9. Resumen