Hipotiroidismo primario

Chaker L, Bianco AC, Jonklaas J, et al. Hypothyroidism. Lancet. 2017 Sep 23;390(10101):1550-62.Texto completo  Resumen

American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists; American Thyroid Association. Clinical practice guidelines for hypothyroidism in adults: cosponsored by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the American Thyroid Association. Endocr Pract. 2012 Nov-Dec;18(6):988-1028.Texto completo  Resumen

Alexander EK, Pearce EN, Brent GA, et al. 2017 guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and the postpartum. Thyroid. 2017 Mar;27(3):315-89.Texto completo  Resumen

Jonklaas J, Bianco AC, Bauer AJ, et al. Guidelines for the treatment of hypothyroidism: prepared by the American Thyroid Association Task Force on Thyroid Hormone Replacement. Thyroid. 2014 Dec;24(12):1670-751.Texto completo  Resumen

1. Chaker L, Bianco AC, Jonklaas J, et al. Hypothyroidism. Lancet. 2017 Sep 23;390(10101):1550-62.Texto completo  Resumen

2. Cooper DS, Biondi B, Cappola AR. Subclinical hypothyroidism: a review. JAMA. 2019 Jul 9;322(2):153-60. Resumen

3. Elkattawy S, Dhanoa P, Kotys J, et al. Myxedema coma: case report and literature review. Cureus. 2021 May 27;13(5):e15277.Texto completo  Resumen

4. Taylor PN, Albrecht D, Scholz A, et al. Global epidemiology of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2018 May;14(5):301-16. Resumen

5. Vanderpump MP, Tunbridge WM, French JM, et al. The incidence of thyroid disorders in the community: a twenty-year follow-up of the Whickham survey. Clin Endocrinol. 1995 Jul;43(1):55-68. Resumen

6. Hollowell JG, Staehling NW, Flanders WD, et al. Serum TSH, T(4) and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to 1994): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Feb;87(2):489-99.Texto completo  Resumen

7. Canaris GJ, Manowitz NR, Mayor G, et al. The Colorado thyroid disease prevalence study. Arch Intern Med. 2000 Feb 28;160(4):526-34. Resumen

8. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists; American Thyroid Association. Clinical practice guidelines for hypothyroidism in adults: cosponsored by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the American Thyroid Association. Endocr Pract. 2012 Nov-Dec;18(6):988-1028.Texto completo  Resumen

9. Zimmermann MB, Andersson M. Global endocrinology: global perspectives in endocrinology: coverage of iodized salt programs and iodine status in 2020. Eur J Endocrinol. 2021 Jun 10;185(1):R13-21.Texto completo  Resumen

10. Han X, Ding S, Lu J, et al. Global, regional, and national burdens of common micronutrient deficiencies from 1990 to 2019: a secondary trend analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. EClinicalMedicine. 2022 Feb;44:101299.Texto completo  Resumen

11. Dold S, Zimmermann MB, Jukic T, et al. Universal salt iodization provides sufficient dietary iodine to achieve adequate iodine nutrition during the first 1000 days: a cross-sectional multicenter study. J Nutr. 2018 Apr 1;148(4):587-98.Texto completo  Resumen

12. Lazarus JH. The importance of iodine in public health. Environ Geochem Health. 2015 Aug;37(4):605-18.Texto completo  Resumen

13. Caldwell KL, Pan Y, Mortensen ME, et al. Iodine status in pregnant women in the National Children's Study and in US women (15-44 years), National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2010. Thyroid. 2013 Aug;23(8):927-37.Texto completo  Resumen

14. Pearce EN, Farwell AP, Braverman LE. Thyroiditis. N Engl J Med. 2003 Jun 26;348(26):2646-55. Resumen

15. Ragusa F, Fallahi P, Elia G, et al. Hashimotos' thyroiditis: epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinic and therapy. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Dec;33(6):101367. Resumen

16. Rizzo LFL, Mana DL, Serra HA. Drug-induced hypothyroidism. Medicina (B Aires). 2017;77(5):394-404.Texto completo  Resumen

17. Gabora K, Piciu A, Bădulescu IC, et al. Current evidence on thyroid related adverse events in patients treated with protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Drug Metab Rev. 2019 Nov;51(4):562-569.Texto completo  Resumen

18. Keely EJ. Postpartum thyroiditis: an autoimmune thyroid disorder which predicts future thyroid health. Obstet Med. 2011 Mar;4(1):7-11.Texto completo  Resumen

19. Zimmermann MB, Boelaert K. Iodine deficiency and thyroid disorders. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2015 Apr;3(4):286-95. Resumen

20. Lisco G, De Tullio A, Triggiani D, et al. Iodine Deficiency and Iodine Prophylaxis: An Overview and Update. Nutrients. 2023 Feb 16;15(4):.Texto completo  Resumen

21. Rayman MP. Multiple nutritional factors and thyroid disease, with particular reference to autoimmune thyroid disease. Proc Nutr Soc. 2019 Feb;78(1):34-44.Texto completo  Resumen

22. Leung AM, Braverman LE. Consequences of excess iodine. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2014 Mar;10(3):136-42.Texto completo  Resumen

23. Kahaly GJ, Frommer L. Polyglandular autoimmune syndromes. J Endocrinol Invest. 2018 Jan;41(1):91-8. Resumen

24. Trohman RG, Sharma PS, McAninch EA, et al. Amiodarone and thyroid physiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2019 Jul;29(5):285-295.Texto completo  Resumen

25. Kyritsi EM, Kanaka-Gantenbein C. Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in Specific Genetic Syndromes in Childhood and Adolescence. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020 Aug 19;11:543.Texto completo  Resumen

26. Siskind SM, Lee SY, Pearce EN. Investigating hypothyroidism. BMJ. 2021 Apr 27;373:n993.Texto completo  Resumen

27. Carlé A, Pedersen IB, Knudsen N, et al. Hypothyroid symptoms and the likelihood of overt thyroid failure: a population-based case-control study. Eur J Endocrinol. 2014 Nov;171(5):593-602. Resumen

28. Canaris GJ, Steiner JF, Ridgway EC. Do traditional symptoms of hypothyroidism correlate with biochemical disease? J Gen Intern Med. 1997 Sep;12(9):544-50.Texto completo  Resumen

29. Alexander EK, Pearce EN, Brent GA, et al. 2017 guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and the postpartum. Thyroid. 2017 Mar;27(3):315-89.Texto completo  Resumen

30. Wopereis DM, Du Puy RS, van Heemst D, et al. The relation between thyroid function and anemia: a pooled analysis of individual participant data. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018 Oct 1;103(10):3658-67.Texto completo  Resumen

31. Persani L, Cangiano B, Bonomi M. The diagnosis and management of central hypothyroidism in 2018. Endocr Connect. 2019 Feb;8(2):R44-R54.Texto completo  Resumen

32. LeFevre ML, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for thyroid dysfunction: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2015 May 5;162(9):641-50.Texto completo  Resumen

33. Rastogi MV, LaFranchi SH. Congenital hypothyroidism. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2010 Jun 10;5:17.Texto completo  Resumen

34. Kopel J. A global perspective on newborn congenital hypothyroidism screening. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2020 Jan;33(1):137-9.Texto completo  Resumen

35. Rose SR, Wassner AJ, Wintergerst KA, et al. Congenital hypothyroidism: screening and management. Pediatrics. 2023 Jan 1;151(1):e2022060419.Texto completo  Resumen

36. Rugge JB, Bougatsos C, Chou R. Screening and treatment of thyroid dysfunction: an evidence review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2015 Jan 6;162(1):35-45.Texto completo  Resumen

37. Vissenberg R, van den Boogaard E, van Wely M, et al. Treatment of thyroid disorders before conception and in early pregnancy: a systematic review. Hum Reprod Update. 2012 Jul;18(4):360-7. Resumen

38. Spencer L, Bubner T, Bain E, et al. Screening and subsequent management for thyroid dysfunction pre-pregnancy and during pregnancy for improving maternal and infant health. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Sep 21;2015(9):CD011263.Texto completo  Resumen

39. Reid SM, Middleton P, Cossich MC, et al. Interventions for clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism pre-pregnancy and during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 May 31;(5):CD007752.Texto completo  Resumen

40. Negro R, Schwartz A, Gismondi R, et al. Universal screening versus case finding for detection and treatment of thyroid hormonal dysfunction during pregnancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Apr;95(4):1699-707. Resumen

41. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Thyroid disease in pregnancy: ACOG practice bulletin, number 223. Obstet Gynecol. 2020 Jun;135(6):e261-74. Resumen

42. Jonklaas J, Bianco AC, Bauer AJ, et al. Guidelines for the treatment of hypothyroidism: prepared by the American Thyroid Association Task Force on Thyroid Hormone Replacement. Thyroid. 2014 Dec;24(12):1670-751.Texto completo  Resumen

43. Villar HC, Saconato H, Valente O, et al. Thyroid hormone replacement for subclinical hypothyroidism. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 Jul 18;2007(3):CD003419.Texto completo  Resumen

44. Rodondi N, den Elzen WP, Bauer DC, et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism and the risk of coronary heart disease and mortality. JAMA. 2010 Sep 22;304(12):1365-74. Resumen

45. British Columbia Ministry of Health. Thyroid function tests in the diagnosis and monitoring of thyroid function disorders. October 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo

46. Roos A, Linn-Rasker SP, van Domburg RT, et al. The starting dose of levothyroxine in primary hypothyroidism treatment: a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial. Arch Intern Med. 2005 Aug 8-22;165(15):1714-20.Texto completo  Resumen

47. Lee SY, Pearce EN. Assessment and treatment of thyroid disorders in pregnancy and the postpartum period. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2022 Mar;18(3):158-71.Texto completo  Resumen

48. Okosieme O, Gilbert J, Abraham P, et al. Management of primary hypothyroidism: statement by the British Thyroid Association Executive Committee. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2016 Jun;84(6):799-808.Texto completo  Resumen

49. Thayakaran R, Adderley NJ, Sainsbury C, et al. Thyroid replacement therapy, thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations, and long term health outcomes in patients with hypothyroidism: longitudinal study. BMJ. 2019 Sep 3;366:l4892.Texto completo  Resumen

50. Maraka S, Mwangi R, McCoy RG, et al. Thyroid hormone treatment among pregnant women with subclinical hypothyroidism: US national assessment. BMJ. 2017;356:i6865.Texto completo  Resumen

51. Wilson SA, Stem LA, Bruehlman RD. Hypothyroidism: diagnosis and treatment. Am Fam Physician. 2021 May 15;103(10):605-13.Texto completo  Resumen