Derrame pleural

Roberts ME, Rahman NM, Maskell NA, et al. British Thoracic Society guideline for pleural disease. Thorax. 2023 Jul;78(suppl 3):s1-42.Texto completo

Rahman NM, Maskell NA, West A, et al. Intrapleural use of tissue plasminogen activator and DNase in pleural infection. N Engl J Med. 2011 Aug 11;365(6):518-26. Resumen

1. Feller-Kopman D, Light R. Pleural Disease. N Engl J Med. 2018 Feb 22;378(8):740-751.Texto completo  Resumen

2. Light RW. Pleural diseases. 3rd ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins; 1995.

3. Wilcox ME, Chong CA, Stanbrook MB, et al. Does this patient have an exudative pleural effusion? The Rational Clinical Examination systematic review. JAMA. 2014 Jun 18;311(23):2422-31. Resumen

4. Light RW. Pleural effusions. Med Clin North Am. 2011 Sep 25;95(6):1055-70. Resumen

5. Light RW. Clinical practice. Pleural effusion. N Engl J Med. 2002 Jun 20;346(25):1971-7. Resumen

6. Light RW. The undiagnosed pleural effusion. Clin Chest Med. 2006 Jun;27(2):309-19. Resumen

7. Roberts ME, Rahman NM, Maskell NA, et al. British Thoracic Society guideline for pleural disease. Thorax. 2023 Jul;78(suppl 3):s1-42.Texto completo

8. Light RW, Rogers JT, Moyers JP, et al. Prevalence and clinical course of pleural effusions at 30 days after coronary artery and cardiac surgery. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002 Dec 15;166(12 Pt 1):1567-71. Resumen

9. Srivali N, Thongprayoon C, Cheungpasitporn W, et al. Unusual cause of pleural effusion: ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. QJM. 2016 Mar;109(3):197-8.Texto completo  Resumen

10. Irani M, Robles A, Gunnala V, et al. Unilateral pleural effusion as the sole clinical presentation of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: a systematic review. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2018 Feb;34(2):92-99.Texto completo  Resumen

11. Light RW. Pleural effusion due to pulmonary emboli. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2001 Jul;7(4):198-201. Resumen

12. Saguil A, Wyrick K, Hallgren J. Diagnostic approach to pleural effusion. Am Fam Physician. 2014 Jul 15;90(2):99-104.Texto completo  Resumen

13. Bialkowski A, Poets CF, Franz AR, et al. Congenital chylothorax: a prospective nationwide epidemiological study in Germany. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2015 Mar;100(2):F169-72. Resumen

14. Imazio M, Brucato A, Rovere ME, et al. Colchicine prevents early postoperative pericardial and pleural effusions. Am Heart J. 2011 Sep;162(3):527-32.e1. Resumen

15. Imazio M. Prevention of the postpericardiotomy syndrome, postoperative effusions, and atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery, efficacy and safety of colchicine: evidence from the COPPS trial and substudies [in Italian]. G Ital Cardiol (Rome). 2012 Oct;13(10):665-72. Resumen

16. McGrath EE, Anderson PB. Diagnosis of pleural effusion: a systematic approach. Am J Crit Care. 2011 Mar;20(2):119-27. Resumen

17. Expert Panel on Thoracic Imaging, Morris MF, Henry TS, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Workup of pleural effusion or pleural disease. J Am Coll Radiol. 2024 Jun;21(6):S343-52. Resumen

18. Chalmers JD, Singanayagam A, Hill AT. C-reactive protein is an independent predictor of severity in community-acquired pneumonia. Am J Med. 2008 Mar;121(3):219-25. Resumen

19. Zou MX, Zhou RR, Wu WJ, et al. The use of pleural fluid procalcitonin and C-reactive protein in the diagnosis of parapneumonic pleural effusions: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Am J Emerg Med. 2012 Nov;30(9):1907-14. Resumen

20. Laursen CB, Clive A, Hallifax R, et al. European Respiratory Society statement on thoracic ultrasound. Eur Respir J. 2021 Mar 4;57(3):2001519.Texto completo  Resumen

21. Adams FV, Galati V. M-mode ultrasonic localization of pleural effusion. Use in patients with nondiagnostic physical and roentgenographic examinations. JAMA. 1978 Apr 28;239(17):1761-4. Resumen

22. Doust BD, Baum JK, Maklad NF, et al. Ultrasonic evaluation of pleural opacities. Radiology. 1975 Jan;114(1):135-40. Resumen

23. Gryminski J, Krakówka P, Lypacewicz G. The diagnosis of pleural effusion by ultrasonic and radiologic techniques. Chest. 1976 Jul;70(1):33-7. Resumen

24. Stevic R, Colic N, Bascarevic S, et al. Sonographic indicators for treatment choice and follow-up in patients with pleural effusion. Can Respir J. 2018;2018:9761583.Texto completo  Resumen

25. Svigals PZ, Chopra A, Ravenel JG, et al. The accuracy of pleural ultrasonography in diagnosing complicated parapneumonic pleural effusions. Thorax. 2017 Jan;72(1):94-5.Texto completo  Resumen

26. Diacon AH, Brutsche MH, Solèr M. Accuracy of pleural puncture sites: a prospective comparison of clinical examination with ultrasound. Chest. 2003 Feb;123(2):436-41. Resumen

27. Petersen WG, Zimmerman R. Limited utility of chest radiograph after thoracentesis. Chest. 2000 Apr;117(4):1038-42. Resumen

28. Kataoka H. Ultrasound pleural effusion sign as a useful marker for identifying heart failure worsening in established heart failure patients during follow-up. Congest Heart Fail. 2012 Sep-Oct;18(5):272-7.Texto completo  Resumen

29. Gurung P, Goldblatt M, Huggins JT, et al. Pleural fluid analysis and radiographic, sonographic, and echocardiographic characteristics of hepatic hydrothorax. Chest. 2011 Aug;140(2):448-53.Texto completo  Resumen

30. Sajadieh H, Afzali F, Sajadieh V, et al. Ultrasound as an alternative to aspiration for determining the nature of pleural effusion, especially in older people. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004 Jun;1019:585-92. Resumen

31. McGrath EE, Blades Z, Anderson PB. Chylothorax: aetiology, diagnosis and therapeutic options. Respir Med. 2010 Jan;104(1):1-8. Resumen

32. McGrath EE, Warriner D, Anderson PB. The use of non-routine pleural fluid analysis in the diagnosis of pleural effusion. Respir Med. 2010 Aug;104(8):1092-100. Resumen

33. Romero-Candeira S, Fernández C, Martín C, et al. Influence of diuretics on the concentration of proteins and other components of pleural transudates in patients with heart failure. Am J Med. 2001 Jun 15;110(9):681-6. Resumen

34. Kummerfeldt CE, Chiuzan CC, Huggins JT, et al. Improving the predictive accuracy of identifying exudative effusions. Chest. 2014 Mar 1;145(3):586-92. Resumen

35. Zhou Q, Ye ZJ, Su Y, et al. Diagnostic value of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide for pleural effusion due to heart failure: a meta-analysis. Heart. 2010 Aug;96(15):1207-11. Resumen

36. Janda S, Swiston J. Diagnostic accuracy of pleural fluid NT-pro-BNP for pleural effusions of cardiac origin: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pulm Med. 2010 Nov 20;10:58.Texto completo  Resumen

37. Majdalany BS, Murrey DA Jr, et al; Expert Panel on Vascular Imaging and Interventional Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria®: chylothorax treatment planning. J Am Coll Radiol. 2017 May;14(5s):S118-26.Texto completo  Resumen

38. Jimenez D, Diaz G, Garcia-Rull S, et al. Routine use of pleural fluid cultures. Are they indicated? Limited yield, minimal impact on treatment decisions. Respir Med. 2006 Nov;100(11):2048-52. Resumen

39. Kassirian S, Hinton SN, Cuninghame S, et al. Diagnostic sensitivity of pleural fluid cytology in malignant pleural effusions: systematic review and meta-analysis. Thorax. 2023 Jan;78(1):32-40. Resumen

40. Menzies SM, Rahman NM, Wrightson JM, et al. Blood culture bottle culture of pleural fluid in pleural infection. Thorax. 2011 Aug;66(8):658-62. Resumen

41. Bhatnagar R, Maskell N. The modern diagnosis and management of pleural effusions. BMJ. 2015 Sep 8;351:h4520. Resumen

42. Liang QL, Shi HZ, Wang K, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of adenosine deaminase in tuberculous pleurisy: a meta-analysis. Respir Med. 2008 May;102(5):744-54. Resumen

43. Aggarwal AN, Agarwal R, Sehgal IS, et al. Meta-analysis of Indian studies evaluating adenosine deaminase for diagnosing tuberculous pleural effusion. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2016 Oct;20(10):1386-91.Texto completo  Resumen

44. Oba Y, Abu-Salah T. The prevalence and diagnostic significance of eosinophilic pleural effusions: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Respiration. 2012;83(3):198-208. Resumen

45. Jiang J, Shi HZ, Liang QL, et al. Diagnostic value of interferon-gamma in tuberculous pleurisy: a metaanalysis. Chest. 2007;131:1133-1141. Resumen

46. Kalantri Y, Hemvani N, Chitnis DS. Evaluation of real-time polymerase chain reaction, interferon-gamma, adenosine deaminase, and immunoglobulin A for the efficient diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis. Int J Infect Dis. 2011 Apr;15(4):e226-31. Resumen

47. Mollo B, Jouveshomme S, Philippart F, et al. Biological markers in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion [in French]. Ann Biol Clin (Paris). 2017 Feb 1;75(1):19-27. Resumen

48. Zhou Q, Chen YQ, Qin SM, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of T-cell interferon-γ release assays in tuberculous pleurisy: a meta-analysis. Respirology. 2011;16:473-480. Resumen

49. Porcel JM, Pardina M, Bielsa S, et al. Derivation and validation of a CT scan scoring system for discriminating malignant from benign pleural effusions. Chest. 2015 Feb;147(2):513-9. Resumen

50. Heffner JE, Klein JS. Recent advances in the diagnosis and management of malignant pleural effusions. Mayo Clin Proc. 2008 Feb;83(2):235-50. Resumen

51. Porcel JM, Light RW. Pleural effusions due to pulmonary embolism. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2008 Jul;14(4):337-42. Resumen

52. Martinez-Zayas G, Molina S, Ost DE. Sensitivity and complications of thoracentesis and thoracoscopy: a meta-analysis. Eur Respir Rev. 2022 Dec 21;31(166):220053.Texto completo  Resumen

53. Mohan AC, Chandra S, Agarwal D, et al. Utility of semirigid thoracoscopy in the diagnosis of pleural effusions: a systematic review. J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol. 2010 Jul;17(3):195-201. Resumen

54. Agarwal R, Aggarwal AN, Gupta D. Diagnostic accuracy and safety of semirigid thoracoscopy in exudative pleural effusions: a meta-analysis. Chest. 2013 Dec;144(6):1857-67. Resumen

55. Bibby AC, Dorn P, Psallidas I, et al. ERS/EACTS statement on the management of malignant pleural effusions. Eur Respir J. 2018 Jul;52(1):.Texto completo  Resumen

56. Schuetz P, Wirz Y, Sager R, et al. Procalcitonin to initiate or discontinue antibiotics in acute respiratory tract infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Oct 12;10:CD007498.Texto completo  Resumen

57. Huang DT, Yealy DM, Filbin MR, et al. Procalcitonin-guided use of antibiotics for lower respiratory tract infection. N Engl J Med. 2018 Jul 19;379(3):236-249.Texto completo  Resumen

58. Yancey JR, Nelson MD, Whalen NJ. Procalcitonin for diagnosis, risk assessment, and prognosis of respiratory tract infections. Am Fam Physician. 2022 Sep;106(3):333-4.

59. Wong CL, Holroyd-Leduc J, Straus SE. Does this patient have a pleural effusion? JAMA. 2009 Jan 21;301(3):309-17. Resumen

60. Mayo PH, Doelken P. Pleural ultrasonography. Clin Chest Med. 2006 Jun;27(2):215-27. Resumen

61. Prakash UB, Reiman HM. Comparison of needle biopsy with cytologic analysis for the evaluation of pleural effusion: analysis of 414 cases. Mayo Clin Proc. 1985 Mar;60(3):158-64. Resumen

62. Romero-Candieira S, Hernandez L. The separation of transudates and exudates with particular reference to the protein gradient. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2004 Jul;10(4):294-8. Resumen

63. Traill ZC, Davies RJ, Gleeson FV. Thoracic computed tomography in patients with suspected malignant pleural effusions. Clin Radiol. 2001 Mar;56(3):193-6. Resumen

64. Lama A, Ferreiro L, Toubes ME, et al. Characteristics of patients with pseudochylothorax - a systematic review. J Thorac Dis. 2016 Aug;8(8):2093-101.Texto completo  Resumen

65. Feng M, Zhu J, Liang L, et al. Diagnostic value of tumor markers for lung adenocarcinoma-associated malignant pleural effusion: a validation study and meta-analysis. Int J Clin Oncol. 2016 Dec 18;22(2):283-90. Resumen

66. Liang QL, Shi HZ, Qin XJ, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of tumour markers for malignant pleural effusion: a meta-analysis. Thorax. 2008 Jan;63(1):35-41. Resumen

67. Fafliora E, Hatzoglou C, Gourgoulianis KI, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of vascular endothelial growth factor as a biomarker for malignant pleural effusions. Physiol Rep. 2016 Dec;4(24):e12978.Texto completo  Resumen

68. Woolhouse I, Bishop L, Darlison L, et al. BTS guideline for the investigation and management of malignant pleural mesothelioma. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2018 Feb 14;5(1):e000266.Texto completo  Resumen

69. O'Driscoll BR, Howard LS, Earis J, et al. BTS guideline for oxygen use in adults in healthcare and emergency settings. Thorax. 2017 Jun;72(Suppl 1):ii1-90.Texto completo  Resumen

70. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: intensive care unit patients. 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo

71. National Patient Safety Alert - NHS England & NHS Improvement. Deterioration due to rapid offload of pleural effusion fluid from chest drains. Dec 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo

72. Association of Respiratory Nurse Specialists. Royal College of Nursing. Good practice standards for controlled removal of fluid from chest drains (adults). Dec 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo

73. Light RW, Girard WM, Jenkinson SG, et al. Parapneumonic effusions. Am J Med. 1980 Oct;69(4):507-12. Resumen

74. Sahn SA. Diagnosis and management of parapneumonic effusions and empyema. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Oct 24;45(11):1480-6.Texto completo  Resumen

75. Maskell NA, Batt S, Hedley EL, et al. The bacteriology of pleural infection by genetic and standard methods and its mortality significance. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006 Oct 1;174(7):817-23. Resumen

76. Asciak R, Bedawi EO, Bhatnagar R, et al. British Thoracic Society Clinical Statement on pleural procedures. Thorax. 2023 Jul;78(suppl 3):s43-s68.Texto completo  Resumen

77. Tokuda Y, Matsushima D, Stein GH, et al. Intrapleural fibrinolytic agents for empyema and complicated parapneumonic effusions: a meta-analysis. Chest. 2006 Mar;129(3):783-90. Resumen

78. Altmann ES, Crossingham I, Wilson S, et al. Intra-pleural fibrinolytic therapy versus placebo, or a different fibrinolytic agent, in the treatment of adult parapneumonic effusions and empyema. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Oct 30;2019(10):.Texto completo  Resumen

79. Rahman NM, Maskell NA, West A, et al. Intrapleural use of tissue plasminogen activator and DNase in pleural infection. N Engl J Med. 2011 Aug 11;365(6):518-26. Resumen

80. Guinde J, Georges S, Bourinet V, et al. Recent developments in pleurodesis for malignant pleural disease. Clin Respir J. 2018 Oct;12(10):2463-2468.Texto completo  Resumen

81. Simoff MJ, Lally B, Slade MG, et al. Symptom management in patients with lung cancer. Diagnosis and management of lung cancer, 3rd ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2013 May;143(5 suppl):e455-97S.Texto completo  Resumen

82. Bhatnagar R, Luengo-Fernandez R, Kahan BC, et al. Thoracoscopy and talc poudrage compared with intercostal drainage and talc slurry infusion to manage malignant pleural effusion: the TAPPS RCT. Health Technol Assess. 2020 Jun;24(26):1-90.Texto completo  Resumen

83. Kheir F, Shawwa K, Alokla K, et al. Tunneled pleural catheter for the treatment of malignant pleural effusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Ther. 2016 Nov/Dec;23(6):e1300-6. Resumen

84. Thomas R, Fysh ET, Smith NA, et al. Effect of an indwelling pleural catheter vs talc pleurodesis on hospitalization days in patients with malignant pleural effusion: the AMPLE randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2017 Nov 21;318(19):1903-12.Texto completo  Resumen

85. Davies HE, Mishra EK, Kahan BC, et al. Effect of an indwelling pleural catheter vs chest tube and talc pleurodesis for relieving dyspnea in patients with malignant pleural effusion: the TIME2 randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012 Jun 13;307(22):2383-9. Resumen

86. Wang S, Zhang R, Wan C, et al. Incidence of complications from indwelling pleural catheter for pleural effusion: a meta-analysis. Clin Transl Sci. 2023 Jan;16(1):104-17.Texto completo  Resumen

87. Dipper A, Jones HE, Bhatnagar R, et al. Interventions for the management of malignant pleural effusions: a network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Apr 21;4:CD010529.Texto completo  Resumen

88. Tan C, Sedrakyan A, Browne J, et al. The evidence on the effectiveness of management for malignant pleural effusion: a systematic review. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2006 May;29(5):829-38.Texto completo  Resumen

89. Sherman S, Ravikrishnan KP, Patel AS, et al. Optimum anesthesia with intrapleural lidocaine during chemical pleurodesis with tetracycline. Chest. 1988 Mar;93(3):533-6. Resumen

90. Rahman NM, Pepperell J, Rehal S, et al. Effect of opioids vs NSAIDs and larger vs smaller chest tube size on pain control and pleurodesis efficacy among patients with malignant pleural effusion: the TIME1 randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015 Dec 22-29;314(24):2641-53.Texto completo  Resumen

91. Harris K, Chalhoub M. The use of a PleurX catheter in the management of recurrent benign pleural effusion: a concise review. Heart Lung Circ. 2012 Nov;21(11):661-5. Resumen

92. Tremblay A, Mason C, Michaud G. Use of tunnelled catheters for malignant pleural effusions in patients fit for pleurodesis. Eur Respir J. 2007 Oct;30(4):759-62.Texto completo  Resumen

93. Van Meter ME, McKee KY, Kohlwes RJ. Efficacy and safety of tunneled pleural catheters in adults with malignant pleural effusions: a systematic review. J Gen Intern Med. 2011 Jan;26(1):70-6.Texto completo  Resumen

94. Davies CW, Traill ZC, Gleeson FV, et al. Intrapleural streptokinase in the management of malignant multiloculated pleural effusions. Chest. 1999 Mar;115(3):729-33. Resumen

95. Gilkeson RC, Silverman P, Haaga JR. Using urokinase to treat malignant pleural effusions. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1999 Sep;173(3):781-3.Texto completo  Resumen

96. Hsu LH, Soong TC, Feng AC, et al. Intrapleural urokinase for the treatment of loculated malignant pleural effusions and trapped lungs in medically inoperable cancer patients. J Thorac Oncol. 2006 Jun;1(5):460-7.Texto completo  Resumen

97. Valenza-Demet G, Valenza M, Cabrera-Martos I, et al. The effects of a physiotherapy programme on patients with a pleural effusion: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2014 Nov;28(11):1087-95. Resumen

98. British Thoracic Society. BTS Pleural disease guideline 2010. August 2010 [internet publication]. [This guideline has been archived by the British Thoracic Society. The BTS website states that guidelines that are more than 5 years old are marked as archived because their recommendations have not been checked to confirm continued validity at the date of archival. A BMJ Best Practice expert adviser has confirmed that these guidelines still reflect current practice in the UK.]Texto completo

99. National Patient Safety Agency. Rapid response report: risks of chest drain insertion. May 2008. http://www.nrls.npsa.nhs.uk (last accessed 26 October 2017).Texto completo

100. Akram AR, Hartung TK. Intercostal chest drains: a wake-up call from the National Patient Safety Agency rapid response report. J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 2009;39:117-120.Texto completo

101. American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma. Advanced trauma life support (ATLS) student course manual. 8th ed. Chicago, IL: American College of Surgeons; 2008.

102. Nakitende D, Gottlieb M, Ruskis J, et al. Ultrasound for confirmation of thoracostomy tube placement by emergency medicine residents. Trauma (United Kingdom). 2015;19(1):35‐8.

103. Asciak R, Bedawi EO, Bhatnagar R, et al. British Thoracic Society clinical statement on pleural procedures. Thorax. 2023 Jul;78(suppl 3):s43-68.Texto completo  Resumen

104. Jenkins JA, Gharahbaghian L, Doniger SJ, et al. Sonographic identification of tube thoracostomy study (SITTS): confirmation of intrathoracic placement. West J Emerg Med. 2012 Sep;13(4):305-11.Texto completo  Resumen

105. Wiederhold BD, O'Rourke MC. StatPearls: thoracentesis. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing; 2018.Texto completo  Resumen

106. Dresler CM, Olak J, Herndon JE 2nd, et al. Phase III intergroup study of talc poudrage vs talc slurry sclerosis for malignant pleural effusion. Chest. 2005 Mar;127(3):909-15. Resumen

107. Ryan H, Yoo J, Darsini P. Corticosteroids for tuberculous pleurisy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Mar 14;(3):CD001876.Texto completo  Resumen

108. Rahman NM, Kahan BC, Miller RF, et al. A clinical score (RAPID) to identify those at risk for poor outcome at presentation in patients with pleural infection. Chest. 2014 Apr;145(4):848-55. Resumen

109. Clive AO, Kahan BC, Hooper CE, et al. Predicting survival in malignant pleural effusion: development and validation of the LENT prognostic score. Thorax. 2014 Dec;69(12):1098-104.Texto completo  Resumen

110. Psallidas I, Kanellakis NI, Gerry S, et al. Development and validation of response markers to predict survival and pleurodesis success in patients with malignant pleural effusion (PROMISE): a multicohort analysis. Lancet Oncol. 2018 Jul;19(7):930-939.Texto completo  Resumen

111. Brims FJ, Meniawy TM, Duffus I, et al. A Novel Clinical Prediction Model for Prognosis in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Using Decision Tree Analysis. J Thorac Oncol. 2016 Apr;11(4):573-82.Texto completo  Resumen

112. Barnes TW, Morgenthaler TI, Olson EJ, et al. Sonographically guided thoracentesis and rate of pneumothorax. J Clin Ultrasound. 2005 Dec;33(9):442-6. Resumen

113. Raptopoulos V, Davis LM, Lee G, et al. Factors affecting the development of pneumothorax associated with thoracentesis.AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1991 May;156(5):917-20.Texto completo  Resumen

114. Light RW. Parapneumonic effusions and empyema. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2006;3(1):75-80. Resumen

115. Harris RJ, Kavuru MS, Mehta AC, et al. The impact of thoracoscopy on the management of pleural disease. Chest. 1995 Mar;107(3):845-52. Resumen

116. Wilsher ML, Veale AG. Medical thoracoscopy in the diagnosis of unexplained pleural effusion. Respirology. 1998 Jun;3(2):77-80. Resumen

117. Venekamp LN, Velkeniers B, Noppen M. Does ‘idiopathic pleuritis’ exist? Natural history of non-specific pleuritis diagnosed after thoracoscopy. Respiration. 2005 Jan-Feb;72(1):74-8. Resumen

118. Coker RK, Armstrong A, Church AC, et al. BTS clinical statement on air travel for passengers with respiratory disease. Thorax. 2022 Apr;77(4):329-50.Texto completo  Resumen