Cáncer de tiroides

Referencias

Artículos principales

Haugen BR, Alexander EK, Bible KC, et al; American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. 2015 American Thyroid Association management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2016 Jan;26(1):1-133.Texto completo  Resumen

Wells SA Jr, Asa SL, Dralle H, et al. Revised American Thyroid Association guidelines for the management of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid. 2015 Jun;25(6):567-610.Texto completo  Resumen

Gharib H, Papini E, Garber JR, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, American College of Endocrinology, and Associazione Medici Endocrinologi medical guidelines for clinical practice for the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules - 2016 update. Endocr Pract. 2016 May;22(5):622-39.Texto completo  Resumen

American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: thyroid disease​. 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

European Society for Medical Oncology. Clinical practice guidelines - thyroid cancer. 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: thyroid carcinoma [internet publication].Texto completo

Artículos de referencia

1. Fagin JA, Wells SA Jr. Biologic and clinical perspectives on thyroid cancer. N Engl J Med. 2016 Sep 15;375(11):1054-67.Texto completo  Resumen

2. Haugen BR, Alexander EK, Bible KC, et al; American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. 2015 American Thyroid Association management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2016 Jan;26(1):1-133.Texto completo  Resumen

3. Kure S, Ohashi R. Thyroid Hürthle cell carcinoma: clinical, pathological, and molecular features. Cancers (Basel). 2020 Dec 23;13(1):26.Texto completo  Resumen

4. Jannin A, Escande A, Al Ghuzlan A, et al. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: an update. Cancers (Basel). 2022 Feb 19;14(4):1061.Texto completo  Resumen

5. Wells SA Jr, Asa SL, Dralle H, et al. Revised American Thyroid Association guidelines for the management of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid. 2015 Jun;25(6):567-610.Texto completo  Resumen

6. Stein SA, Wartofsky L. Primary thyroid lymphoma: a clinical review. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Aug;98(8):3131-8.Texto completo  Resumen

7. Walsh S, Lowery AJ, Evoy D, et al. Thyroid lymphoma: recent advances in diagnosis and optimal management strategies. Oncologist. 2013;18(9):994-1003.Texto completo  Resumen

8. Jung CK, Bychkov A, Kakudo K. Update from the 2022 World Health Organization classification of thyroid tumors: a standardized diagnostic approach. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2022 Oct;37(5):703-18.Texto completo  Resumen

9. Ali SZ, Baloch ZW, Cochand-Priollet B, et al. The 2023 Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology. Thyroid. 2023 Sep;33(9):1039-44.Texto completo  Resumen

10. Amin MB, Edge S, Green F, et al, eds. AJCC cancer staging manual. 8th ed. (2017). Cham, Switzerland: Springer International; 2017.

11. Brierley JD, Gospodarowicz MK, Wittekind C, eds; Union for International Cancer Control. TNM classification of malignant tumors. 8th ed. Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2017.

12. Perrier ND, Brierley JD, Tuttle RM. Differentiated and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: major changes in the American Joint Committee on Cancer eighth edition cancer staging manual. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018 Jan;68(1):55-63.Texto completo  Resumen

13. Bertagna F, Treglia G, Piccardo A, et al. Diagnostic and clinical significance of F-18-FDG-PET/CT thyroid incidentalomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Nov;97(11):3866-75.Texto completo  Resumen

14. Bible KC, Kebebew E, Brierley J, et al. 2021 American Thyroid Association guidelines for management of patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2021 Mar;31(3):337-86.Texto completo  Resumen

15. Cabanillas ME, McFadden DG, Durante C. Thyroid cancer. Lancet. 2016 Dec 3;388(10061):2783-95. Resumen

16. Phillips JS, Pledger DR, Hilger AW. Rapid thyrotoxicosis in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. J Laryngol Otol. 2007 Jul;121(7):695-7. Resumen

17. Pizzato M, Li M, Vignat J, et al. The epidemiological landscape of thyroid cancer worldwide: GLOBOCAN estimates for incidence and mortality rates in 2020. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2022 Apr;10(4):264-72. Resumen

18. National Cancer Institute. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Cancer stat facts: thyroid cancer. 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

19. James BC, Mitchell JM, Jeon HD, et al. An update in international trends in incidence rates of thyroid cancer, 1973-2007. Cancer Causes Control. 2018 May;29(4-5):465-73. Resumen

20. Panato C, Vaccarella S, Dal Maso L, et al. Thyroid cancer incidence in India between 2006 and 2014 and impact of overdiagnosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Aug 1;105(8):2507-14.Texto completo  Resumen

21. Wu J, Zhao X, Sun J, et al. The epidemic of thyroid cancer in China: current trends and future prediction. Front Oncol. 2022 Sep 2;12:932729.Texto completo  Resumen

22. Miranda-Filho A, Lortet-Tieulent J, Bray F, et al. Thyroid cancer incidence trends by histology in 25 countries: a population-based study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021 Apr;9(4):225-34. Resumen

23. Wang C, Wu Z, Lei L, et al. Geographic disparities in trends of thyroid cancer incidence and mortality from 1990 to 2019 and a projection to 2030 across income-classified countries and territories. J Glob Health. 2023 Sep 29;13:04108.Texto completo  Resumen

24. Roman BR, Morris LG, Davies L. The thyroid cancer epidemic, 2017 perspective. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2017 Oct;24(5):332-6.Texto completo  Resumen

25. Genere N, El Kawkgi OM, Giblon RE, et al. Incidence of clinically relevant thyroid cancers remains stable for almost a century: a population-based study. Mayo Clin Proc. 2021 Nov;96(11):2823-30.Texto completo  Resumen

26. Menicali E, Guzzetti M, Morelli S, et al. Immune landscape of thyroid cancers: new insights. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021 Apr 27;11:637826.Texto completo  Resumen

27. Prete A, Borges de Souza P, Censi S, et al. Update on fundamental mechanisms of thyroid cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020 Mar 13;11:102.Texto completo  Resumen

28. Gharib H, Papini E, Garber JR, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, American College of Endocrinology, and Associazione Medici Endocrinologi medical guidelines for clinical practice for the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules - 2016 update. Endocr Pract. 2016 May;22(5):622-39.Texto completo  Resumen

29. Singh Ospina N, Iñiguez-Ariza NM, Castro MR. Thyroid nodules: diagnostic evaluation based on thyroid cancer risk assessment. BMJ. 2020 Jan 7;368:l6670. Resumen

30. Grani G, Lamartina L, Durante C, et al. Follicular thyroid cancer and Hürthle cell carcinoma: challenges in diagnosis, treatment, and clinical management. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018 Jun;6(6):500-14. Resumen

31. Williams D. Thyroid growth and cancer. Eur Thyroid J. 2015 Sep;4(3):164-73.Texto completo  Resumen

32. Fugazzola L, Elisei R, Fuhrer D, et al. 2019 European Thyroid Association guidelines for the treatment and follow-up of advanced radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer. Eur Thyroid J. 2019 Oct;8(5):227-45.Texto completo  Resumen

33. Liu J, Liu Y, Lin Y, et al. Radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer and redifferentiation therapy. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2019 Sep;34(3):215-25.Texto completo  Resumen

34. Laha D, Nilubol N, Boufraqech M. New therapies for advanced thyroid cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020 May 22;11:82.Texto completo  Resumen

35. Ciampi R, Romei C, Ramone T, et al. Genetic landscape of somatic mutations in a large cohort of sporadic medullary thyroid carcinomas studied by next-generation targeted sequencing. iScience. 2019 Oct 25;20:324-36.Texto completo  Resumen

36. Drozd V, Saenko V, Branovan DI, et al. A search for causes of rising incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer in children and adolescents after Chernobyl and Fukushima: comparison of the clinical features and their relevance for treatment and prognosis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 26;18(7):3444.Texto completo  Resumen

37. Suteau V, Munier M, Briet C, et al. Sex bias in differentiated thyroid cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Nov 30;22(23):12992.Texto completo  Resumen

38. Moo-Young TA, Traugott AL, Moley JF. Sporadic and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma: state of the art. Surg Clin North Am. 2009 Oct;89(5):1193-204.Texto completo  Resumen

39. Calcaterra V, Mameli C, Rossi V, et al. The iodine rush: over- or under-iodination risk in the prophylactic use of iodine for thyroid blocking in the event of a nuclear disaster. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022 May 26;13:901620.Texto completo  Resumen

40. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Thyroid cancer: assessment and management. Dec 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

41. American College of Radiology. ACR-AIUM-SPR-SRU practice parameter for the performance and interpretation of diagnostic ultrasound of the extracranial head and neck. 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

42. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: thyroid disease​. 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

43. Zhao H, Li H. Meta-analysis of ultrasound for cervical lymph nodes in papillary thyroid cancer: diagnosis of central and lateral compartment nodal metastases. Eur J Radiol. 2019 Mar;112:14-21. Resumen

44. Hoang JK, Middleton WD, Tessler FN. Update on ACR TI-RADS: successes, challenges, and future directions, from the AJR Special Series on Radiology Reporting and Data Systems. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2021 Mar;216(3):570-8.Texto completo  Resumen

45. Tessler FN, Middleton WD, Grant EG, et al. ACR thyroid imaging, reporting and data system (TI-RADS): white paper of the ACR TI-RADS Committee. J Am Coll Radiol. 2017 May;14(5):587-95.Texto completo  Resumen

46. Rossi ED, Pantanowitz L, Faquin WC. The role of molecular testing for the indeterminate thyroid FNA. Genes (Basel). 2019 Sep 23;10(10):736.Texto completo  Resumen

47. Ahn HS, Kim HS, Hong MJ. Ultrasonographic and cytologic assessments of follicular neoplasms of the thyroid: predictive features differentiating follicular carcinoma from follicular adenoma. PLoS One. 2022 Jul 21;17(7):e0271437.Texto completo  Resumen

48. McHenry CR, Phitayakorn R. Follicular adenoma and carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Oncologist. 2011;16(5):585-93.Texto completo  Resumen

49. Cibas ES, Ali SZ. The 2017 Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology. Thyroid. 2017 Nov;27(11):1341-6.Texto completo  Resumen

50. Nishino M, Nikiforova M. Update on molecular testing for cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2018 Apr;142(4):446-57.Texto completo  Resumen

51. Zhang L, Castellana M, Virili C, et al. Fine-needle aspiration to diagnose primary thyroid lymphomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Endocrinol. 2019 Mar;180(3):177-87.Texto completo  Resumen

52. Novoa E, Gürtler N, Arnoux A, et al. Role of ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy in the assessment of head and neck lesions: a meta-analysis and systematic review of the literature. Head Neck. 2012 Oct;34(10):1497-503. Resumen

53. Viola D, Elisei R. Management of medullary thyroid cancer. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2019 Mar;48(1):285-301. Resumen

54. Webb RC, Howard RS, Stojadinovic A, et al. The utility of serum thyroglobulin measurement at the time of remnant ablation for predicting disease-free status in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer: a meta-analysis involving 3947 patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Aug;97(8):2754-63.Texto completo  Resumen

55. Patel KN, Yip L, Lubitz CC, et al. The American Association of Endocrine Surgeons guidelines for the definitive surgical management of thyroid disease in adults. Ann Surg. 2020 Mar;271(3):e21-93. Resumen

56. Garau LM, Rubello D, Muccioli S, et al. The sentinel lymph node biopsy technique in papillary thyroid carcinoma: the issue of false-negative findings. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2020 Jun;46(6):967-75. Resumen

57. Garau LM, Rubello D, Morganti R, et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy in small papillary thyroid cancer: a meta-analysis. Clin Nucl Med. 2019 Feb;44(2):107-18. Resumen

58. Albers MB, Nordenström E, Wohlfahrt J, et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy in thyroid cancer. World J Surg. 2020 Jan;44(1):142-7. Resumen

59. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Thyroid disease: assessment and management. Oct 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

60. Samarasinghe S, Meah F, Singh V, et al. Biotin interference with routine clinical immunoassays: understand the causes and mitigate the risks. Endocr Pract. 2017 Aug;23(8):989-98. Resumen

61. Li D, Ferguson A, Cervinski MA, et al. AACC guidance document on biotin interference in laboratory tests. J Appl Lab Med. 2020 May 1;5(3):575-87.Texto completo  Resumen

62. Li W, Song Q, Lan Y, et al. The value of sonography in distinguishing follicular thyroid carcinoma from adenoma. Cancer Manag Res. 2021 May 17:13:3991-4002.Texto completo  Resumen

63. Momesso DP, Tuttle RM. Update on differentiated thyroid cancer staging. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2014 Jun;43(2):401-21. Resumen

64. Tuttle RM, Alzahrani AS. Risk stratification in differentiated thyroid cancer: from detection to final follow-up. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Mar 15;104(9):4087-100.Texto completo  Resumen

65. US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for thyroid cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2017 May 9;317(18):1882-7.Texto completo  Resumen

66. Perros P, Boelaert K, Colley S, et al; British Thyroid Association. Guidelines for the management of thyroid cancer. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2014;81 Suppl 1:1-122.Texto completo  Resumen

67. Gulec SA, Ahuja S, Avram AM, et al. A joint statement from the American Thyroid Association, the European Association of Nuclear Medicine, the European Thyroid Association, the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging on current diagnostic and theranostic approaches in the management of thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2021 Jul;31(7):1009-19.Texto completo  Resumen

68. European Society for Medical Oncology. Clinical practice guidelines - thyroid cancer. 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

69. Saravana-Bawan B, Bajwa A, Paterson J, et al. Active surveillance of low-risk papillary thyroid cancer: a meta-analysis. Surgery. 2020 Jan;167(1):46-55. Resumen

70. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: thyroid carcinoma [internet publication].Texto completo

71. Ito Y, Miyauchi A, Oda H. Low-risk papillary microcarcinoma of the thyroid: a review of active surveillance trials. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2018 Mar;44(3):307-15.Texto completo  Resumen

72. Dralle H, Machens A, Basa J, et al. Follicular cell-derived thyroid cancer. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2015 Dec 10;1:15077. Resumen

73. Biondi B, Cooper DS. Thyroid hormone suppression therapy. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2019 Mar;48(1):227-37. Resumen

74. Brancatella A, Marcocci C. TSH suppressive therapy and bone. Endocr Connect. 2020 Jul;9(7):R158-72.Texto completo  Resumen

75. Chen L, Wu YH, Lee CH, et al. Prophylactic central neck dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma with clinically uninvolved central neck lymph nodes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Surg. 2018 Sep;42(9):2846-57. Resumen

76. Pacini F, Fuhrer D, Elisei R, et al. 2022 ETA consensus statement: what are the indications for post-surgical radioiodine therapy in differentiated thyroid cancer? Eur Thyroid J. 2022 Jan 1;11(1):e210046.Texto completo  Resumen

77. Leboulleux S, Bournaud C, Chougnet CN, et al. Thyroidectomy without radioiodine in patients with low-risk thyroid cancer. N Engl J Med. 2022 Mar 10;386(10):923-32.Texto completo  Resumen

78. Tuttle RM, Ahuja S, Avram AM, et al. Controversies, consensus, and collaboration in the use of (131)I therapy in differentiated thyroid cancer: a joint statement from the American Thyroid Association, the European Association of Nuclear Medicine, the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, and the European Thyroid Association. Thyroid. 2019 Apr;29(4):461-70.Texto completo  Resumen

79. Valerio L, Maino F, Castagna MG, et al. Radioiodine therapy in the different stages of differentiated thyroid cancer. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022 Sep 10;101703. Resumen

80. Schlumberger M, Leboulleux S, Catargi B, et al. Outcome after ablation in patients with low-risk thyroid cancer (ESTIMABL1): 5-year follow-up results of a randomised, phase 3, equivalence trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018 Aug;6(8):618-26. Resumen

81. Mallick U, Harmer C, Yap B, et al. Ablation with low-dose radioiodine and thyrotropin alfa in thyroid cancer. New Engl J Med. 2012 May 3;366(18):1674-85.Texto completo  Resumen

82. Dehbi HM, Mallick U, Wadsley J, et al. Recurrence after low-dose radioiodine ablation and recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone for differentiated thyroid cancer (HiLo): long-term results of an open-label, non-inferiority randomised controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019 Jan;7(1):44-51.Texto completo  Resumen

83. Tumino D, Frasca F, Newbold K. Updates on the management of advanced, metastatic, and radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2017 Nov 20;8:312.Texto completo  Resumen

84. Scharpf J, Tuttle M, Wong R, et al. Comprehensive management of recurrent thyroid cancer: an American Head and Neck Society consensus statement. Head Neck. 2016 Dec;38(12):1862-9.Texto completo  Resumen

85. Verburg FA, Hänscheid H, Luster M. Radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy for metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017 Jun;31(3):279-90. Resumen

86. Shonka DC Jr, Ho A, Chintakuntlawar AV, et al. American Head and Neck Society Endocrine Surgery Section and International Thyroid Oncology Group consensus statement on mutational testing in thyroid cancer: defining advanced thyroid cancer and its targeted treatment. Head Neck. 2022 Jun;44(6):1277-300. Resumen

87. Li J, Zhang Y, Sun F, et al. Towards an era of precise diagnosis and treatment: role of novel molecular modification-based imaging and therapy for dedifferentiated thyroid cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022 Sep 8;13:980582.Texto completo  Resumen

88. Brose MS, Nutting CM, Jarzab B, et al; DECISION Investigators. Sorafenib in radioactive iodine-refractory, locally advanced or metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer: a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2014 Jul 26;384(9940):319-28.Texto completo  Resumen

89. Schlumberger M, Tahara M, Wirth LJ, et al. Lenvatinib versus placebo in radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer. N Engl J Med. 2015 Feb 12;372(7):621-30.Texto completo  Resumen

90. Filetti S, Durante C, Hartl DM, et al. ESMO clinical practice guideline update on the use of systemic therapy in advanced thyroid cancer. Ann Oncol. 2022 Jul;33(7):674-84.Texto completo  Resumen

91. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Cabozantinib for previously treated advanced differentiated thyroid cancer unsuitable for or refractory to radioactive iodine. Nov 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

92. Bradford D, Larkins E, Mushti SL, et al. FDA approval summary: selpercatinib for the treatment of lung and thyroid cancers with RET gene mutations or fusions. Clin Cancer Res. 2021 Apr 15;27(8):2130-5.Texto completo  Resumen

93. Hadoux J, Elisei R, Brose MS, et al. Phase 3 trial of selpercatinib in advanced RET-mutant medullary thyroid cancer. N Engl J Med. 2023 Nov 16;389(20):1851-61. Resumen

94. Rao SN, Smallridge RC. Anaplastic thyroid cancer: an update. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022 May 27;101678. Resumen

95. Maniakas A, Zafereo M, Cabanillas ME. Anaplastic thyroid cancer: new horizons and challenges. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2022 Jun;51(2):391-401. Resumen

96. Hadoux J, Pacini F, Tuttle RM, et al. Management of advanced medullary thyroid cancer. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2016 Jan;4(1):64-71. Resumen

97. Ringel MD. New horizons: emerging therapies and targets in thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Jan 1;106(1):e382-8.Texto completo  Resumen

98. Laetitia G, Sven S, Fabrice J. Combinatorial therapies in thyroid cancer: an overview of preclinical and clinical progresses. Cells. 2020 Mar 30;9(4):830.Texto completo  Resumen

99. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fuchs HE, et al. Cancer statistics, 2022. CA Cancer J Clin. 2022 Jan;72(1):7-33.Texto completo  Resumen

100. American Cancer Society. Thyroid cancer survival rates, by type and stage. 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

101. Maniakas A, Dadu R, Busaidy NL, et al. Evaluation of overall survival in patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, 2000-2019. JAMA Oncol. 2020 Sep 1;6(9):1397-404.Texto completo  Resumen

102. Biondi B, Cooper DS. Subclinical hyperthyroidism. N Engl J Med. 2018 Jun 21;378(25):2411-9. Resumen

103. Molenaar RJ, Sidana S, Radivoyevitch T, et al. Risk of hematologic malignancies after radioiodine treatment of well-differentiated thyroid cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Jun 20;36(18):1831-9.Texto completo  Resumen

104. Iyer NG, Morris LG, Tuttle RM, et al. Rising incidence of second cancers in patients with low-risk (T1N0) thyroid cancer who receive radioactive iodine therapy. Cancer. 2011 Oct 1;117(19):4439-46.Texto completo  Resumen

105. Sugitani I, Fujimoto Y. Effect of postoperative thyrotropin suppressive therapy on bone mineral density in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma: a prospective controlled study. Surgery. 2011 Dec;150(6):1250-7. Resumen

106. Qi L, Zhang W, Ren X, et al. Incidence and predictors of synchronous bone metastasis in newly diagnosed differentiated thyroid cancer: a real-world population-based study. Front Surg. 2022;9:778303.Texto completo  Resumen

107. Royal College of Physicians (UK). Evidence-based indications for the use of PET-CT in the UK 2016. May 2016 [internet publication].Texto completo

108. Sisson JC, Freitas J, McDougall IR, et al; American Thyroid Association Taskforce On Radioiodine Safety. Radiation safety in the treatment of patients with thyroid diseases by radioiodine 131I: practice recommendations of the American Thyroid Association. Thyroid. 2011 Apr;21(4):335-46.Texto completo  Resumen

El uso de este contenido está sujeto a nuestra cláusula de exención de responsabilidad