Carcinoma de células renales

Referencias

Artículos principales

American Urological Association. Renal mass and localized renal cancer: evaluation, management, and follow up. 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

Escudier B, Porta C, Schmidinger M, et al. Renal cell carcinoma: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2019 May;30(5):706-20.Texto completo  Resumen

European Association of Urology. Renal cell carcinoma. 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: post-treatment follow-up and active surveillance of clinically localized renal cell carcinoma. 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

Rathmell WK, Rumble RB, Van Veldhuizen PJ, et al. Management of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma: ASCO guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2022 Sep 1;40(25):2957-95.Texto completo  Resumen

Artículos de referencia

1. American Urological Association. Renal mass and localized renal cancer: evaluation, management, and follow up. 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

2. Escudier B, Porta C, Schmidinger M, et al. Renal cell carcinoma: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2019 May;30(5):706-20.Texto completo  Resumen

3. Mattar K, Jewett MA. Watchful waiting for small renal masses. Curr Urol Rep. 2008 Jan;9(1):22-5. Resumen

4. Jewett MA, Zuniga A. Renal tumor natural history: the rationale and role for active surveillance. Urol Clin North Am. 2008 Nov;35(4):627-34; vii. Resumen

5. Richard PO, Violette PD, Bhindi B, et al. Canadian Urological Association guideline: management of small renal masses - full-text. Can Urol Assoc J. 2022 Feb;16(2):E61-75.Texto completo  Resumen

6. Finelli A, Ismaila N, Bro B, et al. Management of small renal masses: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2017 Feb 20;35(6):668-80.Texto completo  Resumen

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9. Classification of Tumours Editorial Board. Urinary and male genital tumours. In: WHO classification of tumours, 5th Edition, Volume 8. Lyon, France: IARD Press; 2022.

10. Moch H, Amin MB, Berney DM, et al. The 2022 World Health Organization classification of tumours of the urinary system and male genital organs-part A: renal, penile, and testicular tumours. Eur Urol. 2022 Nov;82(5):458-68.Texto completo  Resumen

11. Delahunt B, Cheville JC, Martignoni G, et al. The International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grading system for renal cell carcinoma and other prognostic parameters. Am J Surg Pathol. 2013 Oct;37(10):1490-504. Resumen

12. Delahunt B, Eble JN, Egevad L, et al. Grading of renal cell carcinoma. Histopathology. 2019 Jan;74(1):4-17. Resumen

13. Israel GM, Hindman N, Bosniak MA. Evaluation of cystic renal masses: comparison of CT and MR imaging by using the Bosniak classification system. Radiology. 2004 May;231(2):365-71. Resumen

14. Sevcenco S, Spick C, Helbich TH, et al. Malignancy rates and diagnostic performance of the Bosniak classification for the diagnosis of cystic renal lesions in computed tomography - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol. 2017 Jun;27(6):2239-47.Texto completo  Resumen

15. Agnello F, Albano D, Micci G, et al. CT and MR imaging of cystic renal lesions. Insights Imaging. 2020 Jan 3;11(1):5.Texto completo  Resumen

16. Kawaciuk I, Hyrsl L, Dusek P, et al. Influence of tumour-associated symptoms on the prognosis of patients with renal cell carcinoma. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2008;42(5):406-11. Resumen

17. European Association of Urology. Renal cell carcinoma. 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

18. Sacco E, Pinto F, Sasso F, et al. Paraneoplastic syndromes in patients with urological malignancies. Urol Int. 2009;83(1):1-11.Texto completo  Resumen

19. National Cancer Institute. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Cancer stat facts: kidney and renal pelvis cancer. 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

20. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Wagle NS, et al. Cancer statistics, 2023. CA Cancer J Clin. 2023 Jan;73(1):17-48.Texto completo  Resumen

21. Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021 May;71(3):209-49.Texto completo  Resumen

22. Saad AM, Gad MM, Al-Husseini MJ, et al. Trends in renal-cell carcinoma incidence and mortality in the United States in the last 2 decades: A SEER-based study. Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2019 Feb;17(1):46-57.e5.Texto completo  Resumen

23. Levi F, Ferlay J, Galeone C, et al. The changing pattern of kidney cancer incidence and mortality in Europe. BJU Int. 2008 Apr;101(8):949-58.Texto completo  Resumen

24. Lipworth L, Tarone RE, McLaughlin JK. The epidemiology of renal cell carcinoma. J Urol. 2006 Dec;176(6 Pt 1):2353-8. Resumen

25. Capitanio U, Bensalah K, Bex A, et al. Epidemiology of renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol. 2019 Jan;75(1):74-84. Resumen

26. Znaor A, Lortet-Tieulent J, Laversanne M, et al. International variations and trends in renal cell carcinoma incidence and mortality. Eur Urol. 2015 Mar;67(3):519-30.Texto completo  Resumen

27. Sung WW, Wang SC, Hsieh TY, et al. Favorable mortality-to-incidence ratios of kidney cancer are associated with advanced health care systems. BMC Cancer. 2018 Aug 6;18(1):792.Texto completo  Resumen

28. Kabaria R, Klaassen Z, Terris MK. Renal cell carcinoma: links and risks. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis. 2016 Mar 7;9:45-52.Texto completo  Resumen

29. Kompotiatis P, Thongprayoon C, Manohar S, et al. Association between urologic malignancies and end-stage renal disease: A meta-analysis. Nephrology (Carlton). 2019 Jan;24(1):65-73. Resumen

30. Chewcharat A, Thongprayoon C, Bathini T, et al. Incidence and mortality of renal cell carcinoma after kidney transplantation: a meta-analysis. J Clin Med. 2019 Apr;8(4):530.Texto completo  Resumen

31. Maher ER. Hereditary renal cell carcinoma syndromes: diagnosis, surveillance and management. World J Urol. 2018 Dec;36(12):1891-8.Texto completo  Resumen

32. Iliopoulos O. Molecular biology of renal cell cancer and the identification of therapeutic targets. J Clin Oncol. 2006 Dec 10;24(35):5593-600. Resumen

33. Ashouri K, Mohseni S, Tourtelot J, et al. Implications of von Hippel-Lindau syndrome and renal cell carcinoma. J Kidney Cancer VHL. 2015 Sep 25;2(4):163-73.Texto completo  Resumen

34. Aghamir SMK, Heshmat R, Ebrahimi M, et al. The impact of succinate dehydrogenase gene (SDH) mutations in renal cell carcinoma (RCC): a systematic review. Onco Targets Ther. 2019 Sep 26;12:7929-40.Texto completo  Resumen

35. Warren AY, Harrison D. WHO/ISUP classification, grading and pathological staging of renal cell carcinoma: standards and controversies. World J Urol. 2018 Dec;36(12):1913-26.Texto completo  Resumen

36. Posadas EM, Limvorasak S, Figlin RA. Targeted therapies for renal cell carcinoma. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2017 Aug;13(8):496-511. Resumen

37. US Department of Health and Human Services. Smoking cessation: a report of the surgeon general. 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo

38. IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Tobacco smoke and involuntary smoking. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum. 2004;83:1-1438.Texto completo  Resumen

39. Aurilio G, Piva F, Santoni M, et al. The role of obesity in renal cell carcinoma patients: clinical-pathological implications. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Nov;20(22):5683.Texto completo  Resumen

40. Macleod LC, Hotaling JM, Wright JL, et al. Risk factors for renal cell carcinoma in the VITAL study. J Urol. 2013 Nov;190(5):1657-61.Texto completo  Resumen

41. Cumberbatch MG, Rota M, Catto JW, et al. The role of tobacco smoke in bladder and kidney carcinogenesis: a comparison of exposures and meta-analysis of incidence and mortality risks. Eur Urol. 2016 Sep;70(3):458-66.Texto completo  Resumen

42. Petrelli F, Cortellini A, Indini A, et al. Association of obesity with survival outcomes in patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Mar 1;4(3):e213520.Texto completo  Resumen

43. Maurits JSF, Sedelaar JPM, Aben KKH, et al. Cohort profile - the Renal cell cancer: lifestyle, prognosis and quality of life (ReLife) study in the Netherlands. BMJ Open. 2023 Mar 27;13(3):e066909.Texto completo  Resumen

44. Weikert S, Boeing H, Pischon T, et al. Blood pressure and risk of renal cell carcinoma in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition. Am J Epidemiol. 2008 Feb 15;167(4):438-46.Texto completo  Resumen

45. Ricketts C, Woodward ER, Killick P, et al. Germline SDHB mutations and familial renal cell carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008 Sep 3;100(17):1260-2.Texto completo  Resumen

46. Haas NB, Nathanson KL. Hereditary kidney cancer syndromes. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2014 Jan;21(1):81-90.Texto completo  Resumen

47. Menko FH, Maher ER. Diagnosis and management of hereditary renal cell cancer. Recent Results Cancer Res. 2016;205:85-104. Resumen

48. Truong LD, Krishnan B, Cao JT, et al. Renal neoplasm in acquired cystic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 1995 Jul;26(1):1-12. Resumen

49. Brennan JF, Stilmant MM, Babayan RK, et al. Acquired renal cystic disease: implications for the urologist. Br J Urol. 1991 Apr;67(4):342-8. Resumen

50. McLaughlin JK, Lipworth L. Epidemiologic aspects of renal cell cancer. Semin Oncol. 2000 Apr;27(2):115-23. Resumen

51. Mandel JS, McLaughlin JK, Schlehofer B, et al. International renal-cell cancer study. IV. Occupation. Int J Cancer. 1995;61:601-5. Resumen

52. Schouten LJ, van de Pol J, Kviatkovsky MJ, et al. Reproductive and external hormonal factors and the risk of renal cell cancer in the Netherlands Cohort Study. Cancer Epidemiol. 2022 Aug;79:102171.Texto completo  Resumen

53. Chiu HF, Kuo CC, Kuo HW, et al. Parity, age at first birth and risk of death from kidney cancer: a population-based cohort study in Taiwan. Eur J Public Health. 2014 Apr;24(2):249-52.Texto completo  Resumen

54. Kabat GC, Silvera SA, Miller AB, et al. A cohort study of reproductive and hormonal factors and renal cell cancer risk in women. Br J Cancer. 2007 Mar 12; 96(5):845–9.Texto completo  Resumen

55. Lee JE, Hankinson SE, Cho E. Reproductive factors and risk of renal cell cancer: the Nurses' Health Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2009;169:1243-50. Resumen

56. Zhang X, Du Y, Tan X, et al. The rRelationship between hormone replacement therapy and risk of kidney cancer in women: a meta-analysis. Cancer Control. 2020 Apr-Jun;27(2):1073274820930194.Texto completo  Resumen

57. Motzer RJ, Bacik J, Mazumdar M. Prognostic factors for survival of patients with stage IV renal cell carcinoma: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center experience. Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Sep 15;10(18 Pt 2):6302S-3S.Texto completo  Resumen

58. Rendon RA, Kapoor A, Breau R, et al. Surgical management of renal cell carcinoma: Canadian Kidney Cancer Forum Consensus. Can Urol Assoc J. 2014 May;8(5-6):E398-412.Texto completo  Resumen

59. Leveridge MJ, Bostrom PJ, Koulouris G, et al. Imaging renal cell carcinoma with ultrasonography, CT and MRI. Nat Rev Urol. 2010 Jun;7(6):311-25. Resumen

60. Meister M, Choyke P, Anderson C, et al. Radiological evaluation, management, and surveillance of renal masses in von Hippel-Lindau disease. Clin Radiol. 2009 Jun;64(6):589-600. Resumen

61. Lavallée LT, McAlpine K, Kapoor A, et al. Kidney Cancer Research Network of Canada (KCRNC) consensus statement on the role of renal mass biopsy in the management of kidney cancer. Can Urol Assoc J. 2019 Dec;13(12):377-83.Texto completo  Resumen

62. Karivedu V, Jain AL, Eluvathingal TJ, et al. Role of positron emission tomography imaging in metabolically active renal cell carcinoma. Curr Urol Rep. 2019 Aug 29;20(10):56. Resumen

63. El-Saeity NS, Sidhu PS. "Scrotal varicocele, exclude a renal tumour": is this evidence based? Clin Radiol. 2006 Jul;61(7):593-9. Resumen

64. Barocas DA, Boorjian SA, Alvarez RD, et al. Microhematuria: AUA/SUFU guideline. J Urol. 2020 Oct;204(4):778-86.Texto completo  Resumen

65. Dong XQ, Shen Y, Xu LW, et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for detection and diagnosis of renal clear cell carcinoma. Chin Med J (Engl). 2009 May 20;122(10):1179-83. Resumen

66. Heidenreich A, Ravery V. Preoperative imaging in renal cell cancer. World J Urol. 2004 Nov;22(5):307-15. Resumen

67. Silverman SG, Israel GM, Herts BR, et al. Management of the incidental renal mass. Radiology. 2008 Oct;249(1):16-31. Resumen

68. Volpe A. The role of active surveillance of small renal masses. Int J Surg. 2016 Dec;36(pt c):518-24.Texto completo  Resumen

69. Sanchez-Ortiz RF, Madsen LT, Bermejo CE, et al. A renal mass in the setting of a nonrenal malignancy: when is a renal tumor biopsy appropriate? Cancer. 2004 Nov 15;101(10):2195-201.Texto completo  Resumen

70. Zisman A, Pantuck AJ, Dorey F, et al. Improved prognostication of renal cell carcinoma using an integrated staging system. J Clin Oncol. 2001 Mar 15;19(6):1649-57. Resumen

71. Frank I, Blute ML, Cheville JC, et al. An outcome prediction model for patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma treated with radical nephrectomy based on tumor stage, size, grade, and necrosis: the SSIGN Score. J Urol. 2002 Dec;168(6):2395-400. Resumen

72. Heng DY, Xie W, Regan MM, et al. Prognostic factors for overall survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with vascular endothelial growth factor-targeted agents: results from a large, multicenter study. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Dec 1;27(34):5794-9. Resumen

73. Heng DY, Xie W, Regan MM, et al. External validation and comparison with other models of the International Metastatic Renal-Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium prognostic model: a population-based study. Lancet Oncol. 2013 Feb;14(2):141-8.Texto completo  Resumen

74. Martini DJ, Liu Y, Shabto JM, et al. Novel risk scoring system for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Oncologist. 2020 Mar;25(3):e484-91.Texto completo  Resumen

75. Peña C, Lathia C, Shan M, et al. Biomarkers predicting outcome in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma: results from sorafenib phase III Treatment Approaches in Renal Cancer Global Evaluation Trial. Clin Cancer Res. 2010 Oct 1;16(19):4853-63. Resumen

76. Calvo E, Porta C, Grünwald V, et al. The current and evolving landscape of first-line treatments for advanced renal cell carcinoma. Oncologist. 2019 Mar;24(3):338-48.Texto completo  Resumen

77. Rini BI, Battle D, Figlin RA, et al. The society for immunotherapy of cancer consensus statement on immunotherapy for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). J Immunother Cancer. 2019 Dec 20;7(1):354.Texto completo  Resumen

78. Quhal F, Mori K, Bruchbacher A, et al. First-line immunotherapy-based combinations for metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Eur Urol Oncol. 2021 Mar 20 [Epub ahead of print].Texto completo  Resumen

79. Pierorazio PM, Johnson MH, Patel HD, et al. Management of renal masses and localized renal cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Urol. 2016 Oct;196(4):989-99.Texto completo  Resumen

80. Crispen PL, Viterbo R, Boorjian SA, et al. Natural history, growth kinetics, and outcomes of untreated clinically localized renal tumors under active surveillance. Cancer. 2009 Jul 1;115(13):2844-52. Resumen

81. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: post-treatment follow-up and active surveillance of clinically localized renal cell carcinoma. 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

82. Fan X, Xu K, Lin T, et al. Comparison of transperitoneal and retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BJU Int. 2013 Apr;111(4):611-21. Resumen

83. Masson-Lecomte A, Bensalah K, Seringe E, et al. A prospective comparison of surgical and pathological outcomes obtained after robot-assisted or pure laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in moderate to complex renal tumours: results from a French multicentre collaborative study. BJU Int. 2013 Feb;111(2):256-63. Resumen

84. Xia L, Wang X, Xu T, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies reporting perioperative outcomes of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy versus open partial nephrectomy. J Endourol. 2017 Sep;31(9):893-909. Resumen

85. Weight CJ, Mulders PF, Pantuck AJ, et al. The role of adrenalectomy in renal cancer. Eur Urol Focus. 2016 Feb;1(3):251-57. Resumen

86. Kim SP, Thompson RH, Boorjian SA, et al. Comparative effectiveness for survival and renal function of partial and radical nephrectomy for localized renal tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Urol. 2012 Jul;188(1):51-7. Resumen

87. Van Poppel H, Da Pozzo L, Albrecht W, et al. A prospective, randomised EORTC intergroup phase 3 study comparing the oncologic outcome of elective nephron-sparing surgery and radical nephrectomy for low-stage renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol. 2011 Apr;59(4):543-52. Resumen

88. Kroon BK, de Bruijn R, Prevoo W, et al. Probability of downsizing primary tumors of renal cell carcinoma by targeted therapies is related to size at presentation. Urology. 2013 Jan;81(1):111-5. Resumen

89. Hatiboglu G, Hohenfellner M, Arslan A, et al. Effective downsizing but enhanced intratumoral heterogeneity following neoadjuvant sorafenib in patients with non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2017 Jun;402(4):637-44. Resumen

90. Salagierski M, Wojciechowska A, Zając K, et al. The role of ablation and minimally invasive techniques in the management of small renal masses. Eur Urol Oncol. 2018 Oct;1(5):395-402. Resumen

91. Kunkle DA, Uzzo RG. Cryoablation or radiofrequency ablation of the small renal mass: a meta-analysis. Cancer. 2008 Nov 15;113(10):2671-80.Texto completo  Resumen

92. Haidar GM, Hicks TD, El-Sayed HF, et al. Treatment options and outcomes for caval thrombectomy and resection for renal cell carcinoma. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2017 May;5(3):430-36. Resumen

93. Choueiri TK, Tomczak P, Park SH, et al. Adjuvant pembrolizumab after nephrectomy in renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2021 Aug 19;385(8):683-94. Resumen

94. Powles T, Tomczak P, Park SH, et al. Pembrolizumab versus placebo as post-nephrectomy adjuvant therapy for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (KEYNOTE-564): 30-month follow-up analysis of a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2022 Sep;23(9):1133-1144.Texto completo  Resumen

95. Schrader AJ, Steffens S, Schnoeller TJ, et al. Neoadjuvant therapy of renal cell carcinoma: a novel treatment option in the era of targeted therapy? Int J Urol. 2012 Oct;19(10):903-7. Resumen

96. Ouzaid I, Capitanio U, Staehler M, et al. Surgical metastasectomy in renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review. Eur Urol Oncol. 2019 Mar;2(2):141-9. Resumen

97. Rathmell WK, Rumble RB, Van Veldhuizen PJ, et al. Management of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma: ASCO guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2022 Sep 1;40(25):2957-95.Texto completo  Resumen

98. Méjean A, Ravaud A, Thezenas S, et al. Sunitinib alone or after nephrectomy in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2018 Aug 2;379(5):417-27.Texto completo  Resumen

99. Bhindi B, Abel EJ, Albiges L, et al. Systematic review of the role of cytoreductive nephrectomy in the targeted therapy era and beyond: an individualized approach to metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol. 2019 Jan;75(1):111-28. Resumen

100. Kuusk T, Szabados B, Liu WK, et al. Cytoreductive nephrectomy in the current treatment algorithm. Ther Adv Med Oncol. 2019 Sep 27;11:1758835919879026.Texto completo  Resumen

101. Hsiang WR, Kenney PA, Leapman MS. Redefining the Role of surgical management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Curr Oncol Rep. 2020 Mar 13;22(4):35. Resumen

102. Rini BI, Plimack ER, Stus V, et al. Pembrolizumab plus axitinib versus sunitinib for advanced renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2019 Mar 21;380(12):1116-27.Texto completo  Resumen

103. Powles T; ESMO Guidelines Committee. Recent eUpdate to the ESMO clinical practice guidelines on renal cell carcinoma on cabozantinib and nivolumab for first-line clear cell renal cancer: Renal cell carcinoma: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2021 Mar;32(3):422-3.Texto completo  Resumen

104. Choueiri TK, Powles T, Burotto M, et al. Nivolumab plus cabozantinib versus sunitinib for advanced renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2021 Mar 4;384(9):829-41.Texto completo  Resumen

105. Motzer R, Alekseev B, Rha SY, et al. Lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab or everolimus for advanced renal cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2021 Apr 8;384(14):1289-300. Resumen

106. Motzer RJ, Rini BI, McDermott DF, et al. Nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus sunitinib in first-line treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma: extended follow-up of efficacy and safety results from a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2019 Oct;20(10):1370-85. Resumen

107. Cangiano T, Liao J, Naitoh J, et al. Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma: biologic behavior, prognosis, and response to combined surgical resection and immunotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 1999 Feb;17(2):523-8. Resumen

108. Gulati S, Vaishampayan U. Current state of systemic therapies for advanced renal cell carcinoma. Curr Oncol Rep. 2020 Feb 11;22(3):26. Resumen

109. Motzer RJ, Hutson TE, Reeves J, et al. Randomized open-label phase III trial of pazopanib versus sunitinib in first-line treatment of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (MRCC): results of the COMPARZ trial. ESMO Congress; October 1, 2012; Vienna. Abstract LBA8.Texto completo

110. Motzer RJ, Hutson TE, Cella D, et al. Pazopanib versus sunitinib in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2013 Aug 22;369(8):722-31.Texto completo  Resumen

111. Escudier BJ, Porta C, Bono P, et al. Patient preference between pazopanib (Paz) and sunitinib (Sun): Results of a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC)-PISCES study, NCT 01064310. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30(suppl):abstract CRA4502).Texto completo

112. Basso M, Cassano A, Barone C. A survey of therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma. Urol Oncol. 2010 Mar-Apr;(2):121-33. Resumen

113. Rini BI, Escudier B, Tomczak P, et al. Comparative effectiveness of axitinib versus sorafenib in advanced renal cell carcinoma (AXIS): a randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2011 Dec 3;378(9807):1931-9. Resumen

114. George DJ, Hessel C, Halabi S, et al. Cabozantinib versus sunitinib for untreated patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma of intermediate or poor risk: subgroup analysis of the alliance A031203 CABOSUN trial. Oncologist. 2019 Nov;24(11):1497-501.Texto completo  Resumen

115. Choueiri TK, Escudier B, Powles T, et al; METEOR investigators. Cabozantinib versus everolimus in advanced renal cell carcinoma (METEOR): final results from a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016 Jul;17(7):917-27. Resumen

116. Martínez Chanzá N, Xie W, Asim Bilen M, et al. Cabozantinib in advanced non-clear-cell renal cell carcinoma: a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study. Lancet Oncol. 2019 Apr;20(4):581-90.Texto completo  Resumen

117. Motzer RJ, Hutson TE, Glen H, et al. Lenvatinib, everolimus, and the combination in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a randomised, phase 2, open-label, multicentre trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015 Nov;16(15):1473-82. Resumen

118. Hudes G, Carducci M, Tomczak P, et al. Temsirolimus, interferon alfa, or both for advanced renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2007 May 31;356(22):2271-81.Texto completo  Resumen

119. Motzer RJ, Escudier B, Oudard S, et al. Efficacy of everolimus in advanced renal cell carcinoma: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase III trial. Lancet. 2008 Aug 9;372(9637):449-56. Resumen

120. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Everolimus for advanced renal cell carcinoma after previous treatment. February 2017 [internet publication].Texto completo

121. Motzer RJ, Escudier B, McDermott DF, et al; CheckMate 025 Investigators. Nivolumab versus everolimus in advanced renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2015 Nov 5;373(19):1803-13.Texto completo  Resumen

122. Motzer RJ, Penkov K, Haanen J, et al. Avelumab plus Axitinib versus Sunitinib for Advanced Renal-Cell Carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2019 Mar 21;380(12):1103-1115.Texto completo  Resumen

123. Bajwa R, Cheema A, Khan T, et al. Adverse effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors (programmed death-1 inhibitors and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 inhibitors): results of a retrospective study. J Clin Med Res. 2019 Apr;11(4):225-236.Texto completo  Resumen

124. Rini BI, Pal SK, Escudier BJ, et al. Tivozanib versus sorafenib in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (TIVO-3): a phase 3, multicentre, randomised, controlled, open-label study. Lancet Oncol. 2020 Jan;21(1):95-104. Resumen

125. Pal SK, Escudier BJ, Atkins MB, et al. Final overall survival results from a phase 3 study to compare tivozanib to sorafenib as third- or fourth-line therapy in subjects with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol. 2020 Dec;78(6):783-5. Resumen

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