Sepsis en adultos

Referencias

Artículos principales

Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, et al. The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016 Feb 23;315(8):801-10.Texto completo  Resumen

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Sepsis: recognition, diagnosis and early management. Sep 2017 [internet publication].Texto completo

Churpek MM, Snyder A, Han X, et al. Quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, and Early Warning Scores for detecting clinical deterioration in infected patients outside the intensive care unit. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017 Apr 1;195(7):906-11.Texto completo  Resumen

Rhodes A, Evans LE, Alhazzani W, et al. Surviving Sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock: 2016. Intensive Care Med. 2017 Mar;43(3):304-77.Texto completo  Resumen

Artículos de referencia

1. Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, et al. The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016 Feb 23;315(8):801-10.Texto completo  Resumen

2. Levy MM, Fink MP, Marshall JC, et al. 2001 SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference. Crit Care Med. 2003 Apr;31(4):1250-6. Resumen

3. Nasa P, Juneja D, Singh O. Severe sepsis and septic shock in the elderly: an overview. World J Crit Care Med. 2012 Feb 4;1(1):23-30.Texto completo  Resumen

4. Castle SC, Norman DC, Yeh M, et al. Fever response in elderly nursing home residents: are the older truly colder? J Am Geriatr Soc. 1991 Sep;39(9):853-7. Resumen

5. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Sepsis: recognition, diagnosis and early management. Sep 2017 [internet publication].Texto completo

6. Fleischmann C, Scherag A, Adhikari NK, et al. Assessment of global incidence and mortality of hospital-treated sepsis. Current estimates and limitations. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2016 Feb 1;193(3):259-72.Texto completo  Resumen

7. Martin GS, Mannino DM, Eaton S, et al. The epidemiology of sepsis in the United States from 1979 through 2000. N Engl J Med. 2003 Apr 17;348(16):1546-54.Texto completo  Resumen

8. Angus DC, Wax RS. Epidemiology of sepsis: an update. Crit Care Med. 2001 Jul;29(suppl 7):S109-16. Resumen

9. Karlsson S, Varpula M, Ruokonen E. Incidence, treatment, and outcome of severe sepsis in ICU-treated adults in Finland: the Finnsepsis Study. Intensive Care Med. 2007 Mar;33(3):435-43. Resumen

10. Blanco J, Muriel-Bombin A, Sagredo V, et al. Incidence, organ dysfunction and mortality in severe sepsis: a Spanish multicentre study. Crit Care. 2008;12(6):R158.Texto completo  Resumen

11. Davies A, Green C, Hutton J. Oral presentation 581. Severe sepsis: a European estimate of the burden of disease in ICU. Paper presented at: 14th Annual Congress of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. 30 September-3 October 2001. Geneva, Switzerland. Intensive Care Medicine. 2001 Sep;27(suppl 2):S284.Texto completo

12. Laupland KB, Gregson DB, Zygun DA, et al. Severe bloodstream infections: a population-based assessment. Crit Care Med. 2004 Apr;32(4):992-7. Resumen

13. Health and Social Care Information Centre. Sepsis annual data inpatient measures. 2015 [internet publication].Texto completo

14. McPherson D, Griffiths C, Williams M, et al. Sepsis-associated mortality in England: an analysis of multiple cause of death data from 2001 to 2010. BMJ Open. 2013 Aug 2;3(8):e002586.Texto completo  Resumen

15. York Health Economics Consortium. The cost of sepsis care in the UK: final report. Feb 2017 [internet publication].Texto completo

16. Epstein L, Dantes R, Magill S, et al. Varying estimates of sepsis mortality using death certificates and administrative codes - United States, 1999-2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016 Apr 8;65(13):342-5.Texto completo  Resumen

17. Angus DC, Linde-Zwirble WT, Lidicker J, et al. Epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States: analysis of incidence, outcome, and associated costs of care. Crit Care Med. 2001 Jul;29(7):1303-10. Resumen

18. Rhee C, Jones TM, Hamad Y, et al. Prevalence, underlying causes, and preventability of sepsis-associated mortality in US acute care hospitals. JAMA Netw Open. 2019 Feb 1;2(2):e187571.Texto completo  Resumen

19. Martin GS, Mannino DM, Moss M. The effect of age on the development and outcome of adult sepsis. Crit Care Med. 2006 Jan;34(1):15-21. Resumen

20. Annane D, Aegerter P, Jars-Guincestre MC, et al. Current epidemiology of septic shock: the CUB-Réa Network. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003 Jul 15;168(2):165-72.Texto completo  Resumen

21. Pronovost P, Needham D, Berenholtz S, et al. An intervention to decrease catheter-related bloodstream infections in the ICU. N Engl J Med. 2006 Dec 28;355(26):2725-32.Texto completo  Resumen

22. Arduino MJ, Tokars JI. Why is an infection control program needed in the hemodialysis setting? Nephrol News Issues. 2005 Jun;19(7):44;46-9. Resumen

23. Berenholtz SM, Milanovich S, Faircloth A, et al. Improving care for the ventilated patient. Jt Comm J Qual Saf. 2004 Apr;30(4):195-204. Resumen

24. Boyce JM, Pittet D; Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee; HICPAC/SHEA/APIC/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force. Guideline for hand hygiene in health-care settings. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2002 Oct 25;51(RR-16):1-45;quiz CE1-4.Texto completo  Resumen

25. Llop J, Badia MB, Comas D, et al. Colonization and bacteremia risk factors in parenteral nutrition catheterization. Clin Nutr. 2001 Dec;20(6):527-34. Resumen

26. Danai PA, Sinha S, Moss M, et al. Seasonal variation in the epidemiology of sepsis. Crit Care Med. 2007 Feb;35(2):410-5. Resumen

27. Raymond NJ, Blackmore TK, Humble MW, et al. Bloodstream infections in a secondary and tertiary care hospital setting. Intern Med J. 2006 Dec;36(12):765-72. Resumen

28. Gea-Banacloche JC, Opal SM, Jorgensen J, et al. Sepsis associated with immunosuppressive medications: an evidence based review. Crit Care Med. 2004 Nov;32(suppl 11):S578-90. Resumen

29. Cohen J, Brun-Buisson C, Torres A, et al. Diagnosis of infection in sepsis: an evidenced based review. Crit Care Med. 2004 Nov;32(11 Suppl):S466-94. Resumen

30. National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death. Just say sepsis! A review of the process of care received by patients with sepsis. Nov 2015 [internet publication].Texto completo

31. Pfaller MA, Messer SA, Hollis RJ, et al. Variation in susceptibility of bloodstream isolates of Candida glabrata to fluconazole according to patient age and geographic location in the United States in 2001 to 2007. J Clin Microbiol. 2009 Oct;47(10):3185-90.Texto completo  Resumen

32. Vincent JL, Sakr Y, Sprung CL, et al. Sepsis in European intensive care units: results of the SOAP study. Crit Care Med. 2006 Feb;34(2):344-53. Resumen

33. Levy MM, Dellinger RP, Townsend SR, et al. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign: results of an international guideline-based performance improvement program targeting severe sepsis. Crit Care Med. 2010 Feb;38(2):367-74. Resumen

34. Russell JA. Management of sepsis. N Engl J Med. 2006 Oct 19;355(16):1699-713. Resumen

35. Shapiro NI, Wolfe RE, Moore RB, et al. Mortality in Emergency Department Sepsis (MEDS) score: a prospectively derived and validated clinical prediction rule. Crit Care Med. 2003 Mar;31(3):670-5. Resumen

36. Danai PA, Moss M, Mannino DM, et al. The epidemiology of sepsis in patients with malignancy. Chest. 2006 Jun;129(6):1432-40. Resumen

37. Page DB, Donnelly JP, Wang HE. Community-, healthcare-, and hospital-acquired severe sepsis hospitalizations in the University HealthSystem Consortium. Crit Care Med. 2015 Sep;43(9):1945-51.Texto completo  Resumen

38. Goldman DA, Huskins WC. Control of nosocomial antimicrobial-resistant bacteria: a strategic priority for hospitals worldwide. Clin Infect Dis. 1997 Jan;24(suppl 1):S139-45. Resumen

39. Pitout JD, Laupland KB. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae: an emerging public-health concern. Lancet Infect Dis. 2008 Mar;8(3):159-66. Resumen

40. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Bacterial sepsis in pregnancy - Green-top Guideline No. 64a. Apr 2012 [internet publication].Texto completo

41. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Bacterial sepsis following pregnancy - Green-top Guideline No. 64b. Apr 2012 [internet publication].Texto completo

42. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System. Trends in pregnancy-related mortality in the United States: 1987-2016. Feb 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo

43. Acosta CD, Knight M, Lee HC, et al. The continuum of maternal sepsis severity: incidence and risk factors in a population-based cohort study. PLoS One. 2013;8(7):e67175.Texto completo  Resumen

44. Plante LA, Pacheco LD, et al; Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM). SMFM Consult Series #47: sepsis during pregnancy and the puerperium. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019 Apr;220(4):B2-10.Texto completo  Resumen

45. Vincent JL, Bihari DJ, Suter PM, et al. The prevalence of nosocomial infection in intensive care units in Europe: results of the European Prevalence of Infection in Intensive Care (EPIC) Study. JAMA. 1995 Aug 23-30;274(8):639-44. Resumen

46. Solomkin JS, Mazuski J. Intra-abdominal sepsis: newer interventional and antimicrobial therapies. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2009 Sep;23(3):593-608. Resumen

47. Montravers P, Dupont H, Gauzit R, et al. Candida as a risk factor for mortality in peritonitis. Crit Care Med. 2006 Mar;34(3):646-52. Resumen

48. Donelli G. Vascular catheter-related infection and sepsis. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2006;7(suppl 2):S25-7. Resumen

49. Wenzel RP. Treating sepsis. N Engl J Med. 2002 Sep 26;347(13):966-7. Resumen

50. Tsujimoto H, Ono S, Efron PA, et al. Role of Toll-like receptors in the development of sepsis. Shock. 2008 Mar;29(3):315-21. Resumen

51. Hopkins P, Cohen J. Toll-like receptors: the key to the stable door? Crit Care. 2002 Apr;6(2):99-101.Texto completo  Resumen

52. Kumpf O, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Koch A, et al. Influence of genetic variations in TLR4 and TIRAP/Mal on the course of sepsis and pneumonia and cytokine release: an observational study in three cohorts. Crit Care. 2010;14(3):R103.Texto completo  Resumen

53. Daniels R, Nutbeam T (eds). The ABC of sepsis. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell; 2010.

54. Hauser B, Bracht H, Matejovic M, et al. Nitric oxide synthase inhibition in sepsis? Lessons learned from large-animal studies. Anesth Analg. 2005 Aug;101(2):488-98. Resumen

55. Remick DG. Pathophysiology of sepsis. Am J Pathol. 2007 May;170(5):1435-44.Texto completo  Resumen

56. Faust SN, Heyderman RS, Levin M. Coagulation in severe sepsis: a central role for thrombomodulin and active protein C. Crit Care Med. 2001 Jul;29(suppl 7):S62-7;discussion S67-8. Resumen

57. Fourrier F, Chopin C, Goudemand J, et al. Septic shock, multiple organ failure, and disseminated intravascular coagulation: compared patterns of antithrombin III, protein C, and protein S deficiencies. Chest. 1992 Mar;101(3):816-23. Resumen

58. Ince C. The microcirculation is the motor of sepsis. Crit Care. 2005;9(suppl 4):S13-9.Texto completo  Resumen

59. Balk RA. Severe sepsis and septic shock. Definitions, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations. Crit Care Clin. 2000 Apr;16(2):179-92. Resumen

60. Abraham E, Singer M. Mechanisms of sepsis-induced organ dysfunction. Crit Care Med. 2007 Oct;35(10):2408-16. Resumen

61. Waljee AK, Rogers MA, Lin P, et al. Short term use of oral corticosteroids and related harms among adults in the United States: population based cohort study. BMJ. 2017 Apr 12;357:j1415.Texto completo  Resumen

62. Vogel TR, Dombrovskiy VY, Carson JL, et al. Postoperative sepsis in the United States. Ann Surg. 2010 Dec;252(6):1065-71.Texto completo  Resumen

63. Acosta CD, Kurinczuk JJ, Lucas DN, et al. Severe maternal sepsis in the UK, 2011-2012: a national case-control study. PLoS Med. 2014;11:e1001672.Texto completo  Resumen

64. Rivers E, Nguyen B, Havstad S, et al. Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. N Engl J Med. 2001 Nov 8;345(19):1368-77.Texto completo  Resumen

65. Gao F, Melody T, Daniels R, et al. The impact of compliance with 6-hour and 24-hour sepsis bundles on hospital mortality in patients with severe sepsis: a prospective observational study. Crit Care. 2005;9(6):R764-70.Texto completo  Resumen

66. Jones AE, Focht A, Horton JM, et al. Prospective external validation of the clinical effectiveness of an emergency department-based early goal-directed therapy protocol for severe sepsis and septic shock. Chest. 2007 Aug;132(2):425-32.Texto completo  Resumen

67. Puskarich MA, Marchick MR, Kline JA, et al. One year mortality of patients treated with an emergency department based early goal directed therapy protocol for severe sepsis and septic shock: a before and after study. Crit Care. 2009;13(5):R167.Texto completo  Resumen

68. Daniels R, Nutbeam I, McNamara G, et al. The sepsis six and the severe sepsis resuscitation bundle: a prospective observational cohort study. Emerg Med J. 2011 Jun;28(6):507-12. Resumen

69. Sundén-Cullberg J, Rylance R, Svefors J, et al. Fever in the emergency department predicts survival of patients with severe sepsis and septic shock admitted to the ICU. Crit Care Med. 2017 Apr;45(4):591-9. Resumen

70. Esper AM, Moss M, Lewis CA, et al. The role of infection and comorbidity: factors that influence disparities in sepsis. Crit Care Med. 2006 Oct;34(10):2576-82.Texto completo  Resumen

71. Smith GB, Prytherch DR, Meredith P, et al. The ability of the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) to discriminate patients at risk of early cardiac arrest, unanticipated intensive care unit admission, and death. Resuscitation. 2013 Apr;84(4):465-70. Resumen

72. Churpek MM, Snyder A, Han X, et al. Quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, and Early Warning Scores for detecting clinical deterioration in infected patients outside the intensive care unit. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017 Apr 1;195(7):906-11.Texto completo  Resumen

73. Goulden R, Hoyle MC, Monis J, et al. qSOFA, SIRS and NEWS for predicting inhospital mortality and ICU admission in emergency admissions treated as sepsis. Emerg Med J. 2018 Jun;35(6):345-9.Texto completo  Resumen

74. Keep JW, Messmer AS, Sladden R, et al. National early warning score at emergency department triage may allow earlier identification of patients with severe sepsis and septic shock: a retrospective observational study. Emerg Med J. 2016 Jan;33(1):37-41. Resumen

75. Corfield AR, Lees F, Zealley I, et al; Scottish Trauma Audit Group Sepsis Steering Group. Utility of a single early warning score in patients with sepsis in the emergency department. Emerg Med J. 2014 Jun;31(6):482-7. Resumen

76. Royal College of Physicians. National Early Warning Score (NEWS) 2. Dec 2017 [internet publication].Texto completo

77. Fernando SM, Tran A, Taljaard M, et al. Prognostic accuracy of the Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment for mortality in patients with suspected infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2018 Feb 20;168(4):266-75. Resumen

78. NHS England. Sepsis guidance implementation advice for adults. Sep 2017 [internet publication].Texto completo

79. American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) Expert Panel on Sepsis. DART: an evidence-driven tool to guide the early recognition and treatment of sepsis and septic shock. 2016 [internet publication].Texto completo

80. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference: definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. Crit Care Med. 1992 Jun;20(6):864-74. Resumen

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82. Diament D, Salomão R, Rigatto O, et al. Guidelines for the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock: management of the infectious agent - diagnosis. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2011 Jun;23(2):134-44.Texto completo  Resumen

83. Jimenez MF, Marshall JC. Source control in the management of sepsis. Intensive Care Med. 2001;27(suppl 1):S49-62. Resumen

84. Trzeciak S, Chansky ME, Dellinger PR, et al. Operationalizing the use of serum lactate measurement for identifying high risk of death in a clinical practice algorithm for suspected severe sepsis. Acad Emerg Med. 2006;13:150-1.

85. Schuetz P, Birkhahn R, Sherwin R, et al. Serial procalcitonin predicts mortality in severe sepsis patients: results from the Multicenter Procalcitonin MOnitoring SEpsis (MOSES) Study. Crit Care Med. 2017 May;45(5):781-9.Texto completo  Resumen

86. Kip MM, Kusters R, Ijzerman MJ, et al. A PCT algorithm for discontinuation of antibiotic therapy is a cost-effective way to reduce antibiotic exposure in adult intensive care patients with sepsis. J Med Econ. 2015;18(11):944-53. Resumen

87. Merx MW, Weber C. Sepsis and the heart. Circulation. 2007 Aug 14;116(7):793-802.Texto completo  Resumen

88. Nguyen HB, Rivers EP, Knoblich BP, et al. Early lactate clearance is associated with improved outcome in severe sepsis and septic shock. Crit Care Med. 2004 Aug;32(8):1637-42. Resumen

89. Jones AE, Shapiro NI, Trzeciak S, et al. Lactate clearance vs central venous oxygen saturation as goals of early sepsis therapy: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2010 Feb 24;303(8):739-46.Texto completo  Resumen

90. Billeter A, Turina M, Seifert B, et al. Early serum procalcitonin, interleukin-6, and 24-hour lactate clearance: useful indicators of septic infections in severely traumatized patients. World J Surg. 2009 Mar;33(3):558-66. Resumen

91. Schuetz P, Wirz Y, Sager R, et al. Effect of procalcitonin-guided antibiotic treatment on mortality in acute respiratory infections: a patient level meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018 Jan;18(1):95-107.Texto completo  Resumen

92. Shehabi Y, Sterba M, Garrett PM, et al. Procalcitonin algorithm in critically ill adults with undifferentiated infection or suspected sepsis: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014 Nov 15;190(10):1102-10.Texto completo  Resumen

93. Andriolo BN, Andriolo RB, Salomão R, et al. Effectiveness and safety of procalcitonin evaluation for reducing mortality in adults with sepsis, severe sepsis or septic shock. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Jan 18;(1):CD010959.Texto completo  Resumen

94. Lam SW, Bauer SR, Fowler R, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of procalcitonin-guidance versus usual care for antimicrobial management in critically ill patients: focus on subgroups based on antibiotic initiation, cessation, or mixed strategies. Crit Care Med. 2018 May;46(5):684-90. Resumen

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97. Rhodes A, Evans LE, Alhazzani W, et al. Surviving Sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock: 2016. Intensive Care Med. 2017 Mar;43(3):304-77.Texto completo  Resumen

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121. Rhodes A, Phillips G, Beale R, et al. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign bundles and outcome: results from the International Multicentre Prevalence Study on Sepsis (the IMPreSS study). Intensive Care Med. 2015 Sep;41(9):1620-8. Resumen

122. Levy MM, Rhodes A, Phillips GS, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: association between performance metrics and outcomes in a 7.5-year study. Intensive Care Med. 2014 Nov;40(11):1623-33.Texto completo  Resumen

123. Seymour CW, Gesten F, Prescott HC, et al. Time to treatment and mortality during mandated emergency care for sepsis. N Engl J Med. 2017 Jun 8;376(23):2235-44.Texto completo  Resumen

124. Kahn JM, Davis BS, Yabes JG, et al. Association between state-mandated protocolized sepsis care and in-hospital mortality among adults with sepsis. JAMA. 2019 Jul 16;322(3):240-50.Texto completo  Resumen

125. Gerlach H, Keh D. Sepsis in 2003: are we still in the middle of nowhere? Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2004 Apr;17(2):97-106. Resumen

126. Trzeciak S, Dellinger RP. Other supportive therapies in sepsis: an evidence-based review. Crit Care Med. 2004 Nov;32(11 suppl):S571-7. Resumen

127. Yealy DM, Kellum JA, Huang DT, et al; ProCESS Investigators. A randomized trial of protocol-based care for early septic shock. N Engl J Med. 2014 May 1;370(18):1683-93.Texto completo  Resumen

128. Peake SL, Delaney A, Bailey M, et al; ARISE Investigators; ANZICS Clinical Trials Group. Goal-directed resuscitation for patients with early septic shock. N Engl J Med. 2014 Oct 16;371(16):1496-506.Texto completo  Resumen

129. Mouncey PR, Osborn TM, Power GS, et al. Trial of early, goal-directed resuscitation for septic shock. N Engl J Med. 2015 Apr 2;372(14):1301-11.Texto completo  Resumen

130. Andrews B, Muchemwa L, Kelly P, et al. Simplified severe sepsis protocol: a randomized controlled trial of modified early goal-directed therapy in Zambia. Crit Care Med. 2014 Nov;42(11):2315-24.Texto completo  Resumen

131. Mouncey PR, Osborn TM, Power GS, et al. Protocolised Management In Sepsis (ProMISe): a multicentre randomised controlled trial of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of early, goal-directed, protocolised resuscitation for emerging septic shock. Health Technol Assess. 2015 Nov;19(97):i-xxv;1-150.Texto completo  Resumen

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