Diabetes tipo 2 en adultos

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Diabetes in pregnancy: management from preconception to the postnatal period. December 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo

Cosentino F, Grant PJ, Aboyans V, et al. 2019 ESC guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD. Eur Heart J. 2020 Jan 7;41(2):255-323.Texto completo  Resumen

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Type 2 diabetes in adults: management. November 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

Davies MJ, D'Alessio DA, Fradkin J, et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2018: a consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care. 2018 Dec;41(12):2669-701.Texto completo  Resumen

Buse JB, Wexler DJ, Tsapas A, et al. 2019 update to: management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes, 2018 – a consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetologia. 2020 Feb;63(2):221-8.Texto completo  Resumen

1. Meigs JB, Muller DC, Nathan DM, et al. The natural history of progression from normal glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Diabetes. 2003 Jun;52(6):1475-84.Texto completo  Resumen

2. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: a pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants. Lancet. 2016 Apr 6;387(10027):1513-30.Texto completo  Resumen

3. Magliano DJ, Islam RM, Barr ELM, et al. Trends in incidence of total or type 2 diabetes: systematic review. BMJ. 2019 Sep 11;366:l5003.Texto completo  Resumen

4. International Diabetes Federation. IDF diabetes atlas - 9th edition. 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

5. Preis SR, Pencina MJ, Hwang SJ, et al. Trends in cardiovascular disease risk factors in individuals with and without diabetes mellitus in the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2009 Jul 6;120(3):212-20.Texto completo  Resumen

6. Gregg EW, Zhuo X, Cheng YJ, et al. Trends in lifetime risk and years of life lost due to diabetes in the USA, 1985-2011: a modelling study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014 Nov;2(11):867-74. Resumen

7. Kahn SE, Cooper ME, Del Prato S. Pathophysiology and treatment of type 2 diabetes: perspectives on the past, present, and future. Lancet. 2014 Mar 22;383(9922):1068-83.Texto completo  Resumen

8. Grundy SM. Metabolic syndrome: connecting and reconciling cardiovascular and diabetes worlds. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006 Mar 21;47(6):1093-100.Texto completo  Resumen

9. Wormser D, Kaptoge S, Di Angelantonio E, et al; Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration. Separate and combined associations of body-mass index and abdominal adiposity with cardiovascular disease: collaborative analysis of 58 prospective studies. Lancet. 2011 Mar 26;377(9771):1085-95.Texto completo  Resumen

10. Mayer-Davis EJ, Lawrence JM, Dabelea D, et al. Incidence trends of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among youths, 2002-2012. N Engl J Med. 2017 Apr 13;376(15):1419-29.Texto completo  Resumen

11. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Type 2 diabetes: prevention in people at high risk. September 2017 [internet publication].Texto completo

12. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Diabetes in America. 3rd edition. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, NIH Pub No. 17-1468; 2018.Texto completo

13. Hemmingsen B, Gimenez-Perez G, Mauricio D, et al. Diet, physical activity or both for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Dec 4;(12):CD003054.Texto completo  Resumen

14. Coustan DR, Carpenter MW, O'Sullivan PS, et al. Gestational diabetes: predictors of subsequent disordered glucose metabolism. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993 Apr;168(4):1139-44; discussion 1144-5. Resumen

15. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes - 2022. Diabetes Care. 2022 Jan 1;45(Suppl 1):S1-259.Texto completo

16. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Diabetes in pregnancy: management from preconception to the postnatal period. December 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo

17. Sattar N, Gill JM. Type 2 diabetes in migrant south Asians: mechanisms, mitigation, and management. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2015 Dec;3(12):1004-16. Resumen

18. Ma RC, Chan JC. Type 2 diabetes in East Asians: similarities and differences with populations in Europe and the United States. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2013 Apr;1281:64-91.Texto completo  Resumen

19. Hu FB. Globalization of diabetes: the role of diet, lifestyle, and genes. Diabetes Care. 2011 Jun;34(6):1249-57.Texto completo  Resumen

20. Shai I, Jiang R, Manson JE, et al. Ethnicity, obesity, and risk of type 2 diabetes in women: a 20-year follow-up study. Diabetes Care. 2006 Jul;29(7):1585-90.Texto completo  Resumen

21. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Diabetes Statistics Report, 2020: estimates of diabetes and its burden in the United States. 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo

22. Menke A, Casagrande S, Geiss L, Cowie CC. Prevalence of and trends in diabetes among adults in the United States, 1988-2012. JAMA. 2015 Sep 8;314(10):1021-9. Resumen

23. Shan Z, Li Y, Zong G, et al. Rotating night shift work and adherence to unhealthy lifestyle in predicting risk of type 2 diabetes: results from two large US cohorts of female nurses. BMJ. 2018 Nov 21;363:k4641.Texto completo  Resumen

24. Evert AB, Dennison M, Gardner CD, et al. Nutrition therapy for adults with diabetes or prediabetes: a consensus report. Diabetes Care. 2019 May;42(5):731-54.Texto completo  Resumen

25. LeBlanc EL, Patnode CD, Webber EM, et al; Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US). Behavioral and pharmacotherapy weight loss interventions to prevent obesity-related morbidity and mortality in adults: an updated systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. September 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo  Resumen

26. NHS England. NHS diabetes prevention programme (NHS DPP) [internet publication].Texto completo

27. Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, et al; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med. 2002 Feb 7;346(6):393-403.Texto completo  Resumen

28. Pan XR, Li GW, Hu YH, et al. Effects of diet and exercise in preventing NIDDM in people with impaired glucose tolerance: the Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study. Diabetes Care. 1997 Apr;20(4):537-44. Resumen

29. Tuomilehto J, Lindström J, Eriksson JG, et al. Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. N Engl J Med. 2001 May 3;344(18):1343-50.Texto completo  Resumen

30. Knowler WC, Fowler SE, Hamman RF, et al; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. 10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. Lancet. 2009 Nov 14;374(9702):1677-86. Resumen

31. Balk EM, Earley A, Raman G, et al. Combined diet and physical activity promotion programs to prevent type 2 diabetes among persons at increased risk: a systematic review for the Community Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2015 Sep 15;163(6):437-51.Texto completo  Resumen

32. Gerstein HC, Yusuf S, Bosch J, et al; DREAM (Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipril and rosiglitazone Medication) Trial Investigators. Effect of rosiglitazone on the frequency of diabetes in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2006 Sep 23;368(9541):1096-105.Texto completo  Resumen

33. Apolzan JW, Venditti EM, Edelstein SL, et al. Long-term weight loss with metformin or lifestyle intervention in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. Ann Intern Med. 2019 May 21;170(10):682-90. Resumen

34. Moelands SV, Lucassen PL, Akkermans RP, et al. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Dec 28;(12):CD005061.Texto completo  Resumen

35. Hemmingsen B, Sonne DP, Metzendorf MI, et al. Dipeptidyl-peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 analogues for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;(5):CD012204.Texto completo  Resumen

36. Roberts S, Barry E, Craig D, et al. Preventing type 2 diabetes: systematic review of studies of cost-effectiveness of lifestyle programmes and metformin, with and without screening, for pre-diabetes. BMJ Open. 2017 Nov 15;7(11):e017184.Texto completo  Resumen

37. Haw JS, Galaviz KI, Straus AN, et al. Long-term sustainability of diabetes prevention approaches: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2017 Dec 1;177(12):1808-17. Resumen

38. Herman WH, Pan Q, Edelstein SL, et al; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Impact of lifestyle and metformin interventions on the risk of progression to diabetes and regression to normal glucose regulation in overweight or obese people with impaired glucose regulation. Diabetes Care. 2017 Dec;40(12):1668-77.Texto completo  Resumen

39. Galaviz KI, Weber MB, Straus A, et al. Global diabetes prevention interventions: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of the real-world impact on incidence, weight, and glucose. Diabetes Care. 2018 Jul;41(7):1526-34.Texto completo  Resumen

40. Armato JP, DeFronzo RA, Abdul-Ghani M, et al. Successful treatment of prediabetes in clinical practice using physiological assessment (STOP DIABETES). Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018 Oct;6(10):781-9. Resumen

41. Arnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, et al. 2019 ACC/AHA guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2019 Sep 10;140(11):e596-e646.Texto completo  Resumen

42. Cosentino F, Grant PJ, Aboyans V, et al. 2019 ESC guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD. Eur Heart J. 2020 Jan 7;41(2):255-323.Texto completo  Resumen

43. Rosenzweig JL, Bakris GL, Berglund LF, et al. Primary prevention of ASCVD and T2DM in patients at metabolic risk: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Sep;104(9):3939-85.Texto completo  Resumen

44. World Health Organization. Classification of diabetes mellitus. 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

45. World Health Organization. Screening for type 2 diabetes: report of a World Health Organization and International Diabetes Federation meeting. 2003 [internet publication].Texto completo

46. Newton CA, Raskin P. Diabetic ketoacidosis in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: clinical and biochemical differences. Arch Intern Med. 2004 Sep 27;164(17):1925-31.Texto completo  Resumen

47. Umpierrez GE, Kitabchi AE. Diabetic ketoacidosis: risk factors and management strategies. Treat Endocrinol. 2003;2(2):95-108. Resumen

48. Puttanna A, Padinjakara RNK. Diabetic ketoacidosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pract Diab. 2014;31(4):155-8.Texto completo

49. Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. SGLT2 inhibitors: updated advice on the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis. April 2016 [internet publication].Texto completo

50. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Type 1 diabetes in adults: diagnosis and management. July 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

51. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. 2019 surveillance of type 1 diabetes in adults: diagnosis and management (2015) NICE guideline NG17. 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

52. Sacks DB, Arnold M, Bakris GL, et al; National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry. Position statement executive summary: guidelines and recommendations for laboratory analysis in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2011 Jun;34(6):1419-23.Texto completo  Resumen

53. Lampasona V, Petrone A, Tiberti C, et al. Zinc transporter 8 antibodies complement GAD and IA-2 antibodies in the identification and characterization of adult-onset autoimmune diabetes: Non Insulin Requiring Autoimmune Diabetes (NIRAD) 4. Diabetes Care. 2010 Jan;33(1):104-8.Texto completo  Resumen

54. Newman JD, Berger JS, Ladapo JA. Underuse of medications and lifestyle counseling to prevent cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2019 May;42(5):e75-e76.Texto completo  Resumen

55. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Type 2 diabetes in adults: management. November 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

56. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Diabetic foot problems: prevention and management. October 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

57. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Hypertension in adults: diagnosis and management. August 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

58. Strain WD, Hope SV, Green A, et al. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in older people: a brief statement of key principles of modern day management including the assessment of frailty – a national collaborative stakeholder initiative. Diabet Med. 2018 Jul;35(7):838-45.Texto completo  Resumen

59. Sinclair A, Gallagher A. Managing frailty and associated comorbidities in older adults with diabetes: position statement on behalf of the Association of British Clinical Diabetologists (ABCD). 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

60. Strain WD, Down S, Brown P, et al. Diabetes and frailty: an expert consensus statement on the management of older adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Ther. 2021 May;12(5):1227-47.Texto completo  Resumen

61. DeFronzo RA. Pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Med Clin North Am. 2004 Jul;88(4):787-835, ix. Resumen

62. Kahn R, Buse J, Ferrannini E, et al. The metabolic syndrome: time for a critical appraisal. Joint statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2005 Sep;28(9):2289-304.Texto completo  Resumen

63. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Chronic kidney disease: assessment and management. November 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

64. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Peripheral arterial disease: diagnosis and management. December 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo

65. Anstee QM, McPherson S, Day CP. How big a problem is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease? BMJ. 2011 Jul 18;343:d3897. Resumen

66. Norris JM, Johnson RK, Stene LC. Type 1 diabetes-early life origins and changing epidemiology. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020 Mar;8(3):226-38.Texto completo  Resumen

67. O'Neal KS, Johnson JL, Panak RL. Recognizing and appropriately treating latent autoimmune diabetes in adults. Diabetes Spectr. 2016 Nov;29(4):249-52.Texto completo  Resumen

68. Naik RG, Brooks-Worrell BM, Palmer JP. Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Dec;94(12):4635-44.Texto completo  Resumen

69. Pihoker C, Gilliam LK, Ellard S, et al; SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study Group. Prevalence, characteristics and clinical diagnosis of maturity onset diabetes of the young due to mutations in HNF1A, HNF4A, and glucokinase: results from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Oct;98(10):4055-62.Texto completo  Resumen

70. Fajans SS, Bell GI. MODY: history, genetics, pathophysiology, and clinical decision making. Diabetes Care. 2011 Aug;34(8):1878-84.Texto completo  Resumen

71. Chiang JL, Maahs DM, Garvey KC, et al. Type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents: a position statement by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2018 Sep;41(9):2026-44.Texto completo  Resumen

72. Fajans SS, Bell GI, Polonsky KS. Molecular mechanisms and clinical pathophysiology of maturity-onset diabetes of the young. N Engl J Med. 2001 Sep 27;345(13):971-80. Resumen

73. Vellanki P, Umpierrez GE. Diabetic ketoacidosis: a common debut of diabetes among African Americans with type 2 diabetes. Endocr Pract. 2017 Aug;23(8):971-8.Texto completo  Resumen

74. Steenkamp DW, Alexanian SM, Sternthal E. Approach to the patient with atypical diabetes. CMAJ. 2014 Jun 10;186(9):678-84.Texto completo  Resumen

75. UK National Screening Committee. Adult screening programme: diabetes. November 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

76. US Preventive Services Task Force. Prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: screening. August 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

77. Sherifali D, Bai JW, Kenny M, et al. Diabetes self-management programmes in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabet Med. 2015 Nov;32(11):1404-14.Texto completo  Resumen

78. Pillay J, Armstrong MJ, Butalia S, et al. Behavioral programs for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2015 Dec 1;163(11):848-60.Texto completo  Resumen

79. Chatterjee S, Davies MJ, Heller S, et al. Diabetes structured self-management education programmes: a narrative review and current innovations. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018 Feb;6(2):130-42. Resumen

80. Fisher L, Hessler D, Glasgow RE, et al. REDEEM: a pragmatic trial to reduce diabetes distress. Diabetes Care. 2013 Sep;36(9):2551-8.Texto completo  Resumen

81. Cheng J, Zhang W, Zhang X, et al. Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular deaths, and cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2014 May;174(5):773-85. Resumen

82. Zelniker TA, Wiviott SD, Raz I, et al. Comparison of the effects of glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for prevention of major adverse cardiovascular and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation. 2019 Apr 23;139(17):2022-31. Resumen

83. Schnurr TM, Jakupović H, Carrasquilla GD, et al. Obesity, unfavourable lifestyle and genetic risk of type 2 diabetes: a case-cohort study. Diabetologia. 2020 Jul;63(7):1324-32.Texto completo  Resumen

84. Blomster JI, Woodward M, Zoungas S, et al. The harms of smoking and benefits of smoking cessation in women compared with men with type 2 diabetes: an observational analysis of the ADVANCE (Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron modified release Controlled Evaluation) trial. BMJ Open. 2016 Jan 8;6(1):e009668.Texto completo  Resumen

85. Hansen MB, Jensen ML, Carstensen B. Causes of death among diabetic patients in Denmark. Diabetologia. 2012 Feb;55(2):294-302. Resumen

86. Tancredi M, Rosengren A, Svensson AM, et al. Excess mortality among persons with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2015 Oct 29;373(18):1720-32.Texto completo  Resumen

87. Desai JR, Vazquez-Benitez G, Xu Z, et al. Who must we target now to minimize future cardiovascular events and total mortality? Lessons from the surveillance, prevention and management of diabetes mellitus (SUPREME-DM) cohort study. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2015 Sep;8(5):508-16.Texto completo  Resumen

88. Rawshani A, Rawshani A, Franzén S, et al. Risk factors, mortality, and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2018 Aug 16;379(7):633-44.Texto completo  Resumen

89. Berkelmans GF, Gudbjörnsdottir S, Visseren FL, et al. Prediction of individual life-years gained without cardiovascular events from lipid, blood pressure, glucose, and aspirin treatment based on data of more than 500 000 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur Heart J. 2019 Sep 7;40(34):2899-906. Resumen

90. Diabetes UK. Position statement: low carb diets for people with diabetes. May 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

91. Snorgaard O, Poulsen GM, Andersen HK, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of dietary carbohydrate restriction in patients with type 2 diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2017 Feb 23;5(1):e000354.Texto completo  Resumen

92. Goldenberg JZ, Day A, Brinkworth GD, et al. Efficacy and safety of low and very low carbohydrate diets for type 2 diabetes remission: systematic review and meta-analysis of published and unpublished randomized trial data. BMJ. 2021 Jan 13;372:m4743.Texto completo  Resumen

93. Prochaska JO, Velicer WF, Rossi JS, et al. Stages of change and decisional balance for 12 problem behaviors. Health Psychol. 1994 Jan;13(1):39-46. Resumen

94. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Preventing excess weight gain. March 2015 [internet publication].Texto completo

95. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Weight management: lifestyle services for overweight or obese adults. May 2014 [internet publication].Texto completo

96. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Obesity: identification, assessment and management. November 2014 [internet publication].Texto completo

97. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Physical activity: brief advice for adults in primary care. May 2013 [internet publication].Texto completo

98. Lean ME, Leslie WS, Barnes AC, et al. Primary care-led weight management for remission of type 2 diabetes (DiRECT): an open-label, cluster-randomised trial. Lancet. 2018 Feb 10;391(10120):541-51. Resumen

99. Gregg EW, Chen H, Wagenknecht LE, et al; Look AHEAD Research Group. Association of an intensive lifestyle intervention with remission of type 2 diabetes. JAMA. 2012 Dec 19;308(23):2489-96.Texto completo  Resumen

100. Lean ME, Leslie WS, Barnes AC, et al. Durability of a primary care-led weight-management intervention for remission of type 2 diabetes: 2-year results of the DiRECT open-label, cluster-randomised trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019 May;7(5):344-55. Resumen

101. Margolis KL, Asche SE, Bergdall AR, et al. Effect of home blood pressure telemonitoring and pharmacist management on blood pressure control: a cluster randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2013 Jul 3;310(1):46-56.Texto completo  Resumen

102. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Cardiovascular disease: risk assessment and reduction, including lipid modification. September 2016 [internet publication].Texto completo

103. NHS England; NHS Accelerated Access Collaborative. Summary of national guidance for lipid management for primary and secondary prevention of CVD. 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

104. Giugliano RP, Cannon CP, Blazing MA, et al; IMPROVE-IT (Improved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial) Investigators. Benefit of adding ezetimibe to statin therapy on cardiovascular outcomes and safety in patients with versus without diabetes mellitus: results From IMPROVE-IT (Improved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial). Circulation. 2018 Apr 10;137(15):1571-82. Resumen

105. Sabatine MS, Giugliano RP, Keech AC, et al; FOURIER Steering Committee and Investigators. Evolocumab and clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med. 2017 May 4;376(18):1713-22.Texto completo  Resumen

106. Squizzato A, Suter MB, Nerone M, et al. PCSK9 inhibitors for treating dyslipidemia in patients at different cardiovascular risk: a systematic review and a meta-analysis. Intern Emerg Med. 2017 Oct;12(7):1043-53. Resumen

107. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Bempedoic acid with ezetimibe for treating primary hypercholesterolaemia or mixed dyslipidaemia. April 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

108. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Stop smoking interventions and services. March 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo

109. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Smoking: harm reduction. July 2013 [internet publication].Texto completo

110. Rydén L, Grant PJ, Anker SD, et al. ESC guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD. Eur Heart J. 2013 Oct;34(39):3035-87.Texto completo  Resumen

111. Antithrombotic Trialists' Collaboration. Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. BMJ. 2002;324:71-86.Texto completo  Resumen

112. Piepoli MF, Hoes AW, Agewall S, et al. 2016 European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: the sixth joint task force of the European Society of Cardiology and other societies on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (constituted by representatives of 10 societies and by invited experts), developed with the special contribution of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation (EACPR). Eur Heart J. 2016 Aug 1;37(29):2315-81.Texto completo  Resumen

113. ASCEND Study Collaborative Group; Bowman L, Mafham M, Wallendszus K, et al. Effects of aspirin for primary prevention in persons with diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 2018 Oct 18;379(16):1529-39.Texto completo  Resumen

114. Laiteerapong N, Cooper JM, Skandari MR, et al. Individualized glycemic control for US adults with type 2 diabetes: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2018 Feb 6;168(3):170-8. Resumen

115. Ismail-Beigi F, Moghissi E, Tiktin M, et al. Individualizing glycemic targets in type 2 diabetes mellitus: implications of recent clinical trials. Ann Intern Med. 2011 Apr 19;154(8):554-9. Resumen

116. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Hearing loss in adults: assessment and management. June 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo

117. Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency. Information for drivers with diabetes. June 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

118. Davies MJ, D'Alessio DA, Fradkin J, et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2018: a consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care. 2018 Dec;41(12):2669-701.Texto completo  Resumen

119. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). Lancet. 1998 Sep 12;352(9131):854-65. Resumen

120. Holman RR, Paul SK, Bethel MA, et al. 10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008 Oct 9;359(15):1577-89.Texto completo  Resumen

121. Griffin SJ, Leaver JK, Irving GJ. Impact of metformin on cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of randomised trials among people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2017 Sep;60(9):1620-9.Texto completo  Resumen

122. Gerstein HC, Miller ME, Genuth S, et al; ACCORD Study Group. Long-term effects of intensive glucose lowering on cardiovascular outcomes. N Engl J Med. 2011 Mar 3;364(9):818-28. Resumen

123. Patel A, MacMahon S, et al; ADVANCE Collaborative Group. Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008 Jun 6;358(24):2560-72.Texto completo  Resumen

124. Reaven PD, Emanuele NV, Wiitala WL, et al; VADT Investigators. Intensive glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes - 15-year follow-up. N Engl J Med. 2019 Jun 6;380(23):2215-24.Texto completo  Resumen

125. Duckworth W, Abraira C, Moritz T, et al. Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2009 Jan 8;360(2):129-39.Texto completo  Resumen

126. Gerstein HC, Miller ME, Byington RP, et al; Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group. Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008 Jun 12;358(24):2545-59.Texto completo  Resumen

127. Buse JB, Wexler DJ, Tsapas A, et al. 2019 update to: management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes, 2018 – a consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetologia. 2020 Feb;63(2):221-8.Texto completo  Resumen

128. Li S, Vandvik PO, Lytvyn L, et al. SGLT-2 inhibitors or GLP-1 receptor agonists for adults with type 2 diabetes: a clinical practice guideline. BMJ. 2021 May 11;373:n1091.Texto completo  Resumen

129. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Canagliflozin, dapagliflozin and empagliflozin as monotherapies for treating type 2 diabetes. May 2016 [internet publication].Texto completo

130. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Ertugliflozin as monotherapy or with metformin for treating type 2 diabetes. March 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

131. Herrington WG, Frankel AH. UK Kidney Association clinical practice guideline: sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibition in adults with kidney disease. Oct 2021 [internet publication]. Texto completo

132. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Canagliflozin in combination therapy for treating type 2 diabetes. June 2014 [internet publication].Texto completo

133. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Dapagliflozin in combination therapy for treating type 2 diabetes. Nov 2016 [internet publication].Texto completo

134. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Empagliflozin in combination therapy for treating type 2 diabetes. March 2015 [internet publication].Texto completo

135. Birmingham, Solihull, Sandwell and Environs Area Prescribing Committee; Diabetes Medicines Management Advisory Group. Type 2 diabetes mellitus: guideline for the choice of oral and non-insulin antihyperglycaemic agents in adults. June 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

136. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. 2019 surveillance of diabetes (NICE guidelines NG17, NG18, NG19 and NG28). June 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

137. Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. Insulin combined with pioglitazone: risk of cardiac failure. December 2014 [internet publication].Texto completo

138. Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. GLP-1 receptor agonists: reports of diabetic ketoacidosis when concomitant insulin was rapidly reduced or discontinued. June 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

139. Scheen AJ. Pharmacodynamics, efficacy and safety of sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Drugs. 2015 Jan;75(1):33-59. Resumen

140. Neal B, Perkovic V, Mahaffey KW, et al; CANVAS Program Collaborative Group. Canagliflozin and cardiovascular and renal events in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2017 Aug 17;377(7):644-57.Texto completo  Resumen

141. Cherney DZ, Zinman B, Inzucchi SE, et al. Effects of empagliflozin on the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio in patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease: an exploratory analysis from the EMPA-REG OUTCOME randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017 Aug;5(8):610-21. Resumen

142. Mahaffey KW, Jardine MJ, Bompoint S, et al. Canagliflozin and cardiovascular and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease in primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention groups. Circulation. 2019 Aug 27;140(9):739-50.Texto completo  Resumen

143. Zelniker TA, Wiviott SD, Raz I, et al. SGLT2 inhibitors for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials. Lancet. 2019 Jan 5;393(10166):31-39. Resumen

144. Perkovic V, Jardine MJ, Neal B, et al. Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2019 Jun 13;380(24):2295-306.Texto completo  Resumen

145. Zinman B, Wanner C, Lachin JM, et al; EMPA-REG OUTCOME Investigators. Empagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2015 Nov 26;373(22):2117-28.Texto completo  Resumen

146. Mahaffey KW, Neal B, Perkovic V, et al; CANVAS Program Collaborative Group. Canagliflozin for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events: results from the CANVAS program (Canagliflozin Cardiovascular Assessment Study). Circulation. 2018 Jan 23;137(4):323-34.Texto completo  Resumen

147. Rådholm K, Figtree G, Perkovic V, et al. Canagliflozin and heart failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation. 2018 Jul 31;138(5):458-68.Texto completo  Resumen

148. Wiviott SD, Raz I, Bonaca MP, et al; DECLARE–TIMI 58 Investigators. Dapagliflozin and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2019 Jan 24;380(4):347-57.Texto completo  Resumen

149. Kato ET, Silverman MG, Mosenzon O, et al. Effect of dapagliflozin on heart failure and mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation. 2019 May 28;139(22):2528-36.Texto completo  Resumen

150. Figtree GA, Rådholm K, Barrett TD, et al. Effects of canagliflozin on heart failure outcomes associated with preserved and reduced ejection fraction in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation. 2019 May 28;139(22):2591-3.Texto completo  Resumen

151. McMurray JJV, Solomon SD, Inzucchi SE, et al. Dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2019 Nov 21;381(21):1995-2008.Texto completo  Resumen

152. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Dapagliflozin for treating chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. February 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

153. Cinti F, Moffa S, Impronta F, et al. Spotlight on ertugliflozin and its potential in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: evidence to date. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2017 Oct 3;11:2905-19.Texto completo  Resumen

154. ClinicalTrials.gov. Cardiovascular outcomes following ertugliflozin treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus participants with vascular disease: the VERTIS CV study (MK-8835-004). April 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

155. ClinicalTrials.gov. Ertugliflozin trial in diabetes with preserved or reduced ejection fraction mechanistic evaluation in heart failure (ERADICATE-HF). May 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo

156. Htike ZZ, Zaccardi F, Papamargaritis D, et al. Efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and mixed-treatment comparison analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2017 Apr;19(4):524-36. Resumen

157. Amori RE, Lau J, Pittas AG. Efficacy and safety of incretin therapy in type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2007 Jul 11;298(2):194-206. Resumen

158. Gerstein HC, Colhoun HM, Dagenais GR, et al; REWIND Investigators. Dulaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (REWIND): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2019 Jul 13;394(10193):121-30. Resumen

159. Marso SP, Bain SC, Consoli A, et al; SUSTAIN-6 Investigators. Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2016 Nov 10;375(19):1834-44.Texto completo  Resumen

160. Kaul S. Mitigating cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes with antidiabetes drugs: a review of principal cardiovascular outcome results of EMPA-REG OUTCOME, LEADER, and SUSTAIN-6 trials. Diabetes Care. 2017 Jul;40(7):821-31.Texto completo  Resumen

161. Marso SP, Daniels GH, Brown-Frandsen K, et al; LEADER Steering Committee on behalf of the LEADER Trial Investigators. Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2016 Jul 28;375(4):311-22.Texto completo  Resumen

162. Hu Y. Advances in reducing cardiovascular risk in the management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Chronic Dis Transl Med. 2019 Mar 15;5(1):25-36.Texto completo  Resumen

163. Rosenstock J, Kahn SE, Johansen OE, et al. Effect of linagliptin vs glimepiride on major adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: the CAROLINA randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2019 Sep 24;322(12):1155-66.Texto completo  Resumen

164. US Food and Drug Administration. FDA drug safety communication: updated FDA review concludes that use of type 2 diabetes medicine pioglitazone may be linked to an increased risk of bladder cancer. December 2016 [internet publication].Texto completo

165. European Medicines Agency. Questions and answers on the suspension of rosiglitazone-containing medicines (Avandia, Avandamet and Avaglim). September 2010 [internet publication].Texto completo

166. US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). FDA drug safety communication: FDA strengthens kidney warnings for diabetes medicines canagliflozin (Invokana, Invokamet) and dapagliflozin (Farxiga, Xigduo XR). June 2016 [internet publication].Texto completo

167. Ueda P, Svanström H, Melbye M, et al. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and risk of serious adverse events: nationwide register based cohort study. BMJ. 2018 Nov 14;363:k4365.Texto completo  Resumen

168. Erondu N, Desai M, Ways K, et al. Diabetic ketoacidosis and related events in the canagliflozin type 2 diabetes clinical program. Diabetes Care. 2015 Sep;38(9):1680-6.Texto completo  Resumen

169. Peters AL, Buschur EO, Buse JB, et al. Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis: a potential complication of treatment with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition. Diabetes Care. 2015 Sep;38(9):1687-93.Texto completo  Resumen

170. O'Keefe KL, Kemmeter PR, Kemmeter KD. Bariatric surgery outcomes in patients aged 65 years and older at an American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Center of Excellence. Obes Surg. 2010 Sep;20(9):1199-205. Resumen

171. European Medicines Agency. SGLT2 inhibitors: information on potential risk of toe amputation to be included in prescribing information. February 2017 [internet publication].Texto completo

172. Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. SGLT2 inhibitors: updated advice on increased risk of lower-limb amputation (mainly toes). March 2017 [internet publication].Texto completo

173. US Food and Drug Administration. FDA drug safety communication: FDA warns about rare occurrences of a serious infection of the genital area with SGLT2 inhibitors for diabetes. August 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo

174. Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. SGLT2 inhibitors: reports of Fournier’s gangrene (necrotising fasciitis of the genitalia or perineum). February 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

175. Tang H, Cui W, Li D, et al. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in addition to insulin therapy for management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2017 Jan;19(1):142-7. Resumen

176. Rosenstock J, Jelaska A, Zeller C, et al. Impact of empagliflozin added on to basal insulin in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on basal insulin: a 78-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2015 Oct;17(10):936-48.Texto completo  Resumen

177. Rosenstock J, Jelaska A, Frappin G, et al. Improved glucose control with weight loss, lower insulin doses, and no increased hypoglycemia with empagliflozin added to titrated multiple daily injections of insulin in obese inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2014 Jul;37(7):1815-23.Texto completo  Resumen

178. Wysham CH, Lin J, Kuritzky L. Safety and efficacy of a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist added to basal insulin therapy versus basal insulin with or without a rapid-acting insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes: results of a meta-analysis. Postgrad Med. 2017 May;129(4):436-45. Resumen

179. Maiorino MI, Chiodini P, Bellastella G, et al. Insulin and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist combination therapy in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Care. 2017 Apr;40(4):614-24.Texto completo  Resumen

180. Down S. How to advise on sick day rules. Diabetes Primary Care. 2020 Apr;22(3):47–8.Texto completo

181. Diabetes Canada. Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and management of diabetes in Canada: appendix 8 - sick-day medication list. 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo

182. Carlsson LM, Peltonen M, Ahlin S, et al. Bariatric surgery and prevention of type 2 diabetes in Swedish obese subjects. N Engl J Med. 2012 Aug 23;367(8):695-704.Texto completo  Resumen

183. Schauer PR, Kashyap SR, Wolski K, et al. Bariatric surgery versus intensive medical therapy in obese patients with diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2012 Apr 26;366(17):1567-76.Texto completo  Resumen

184. Schauer PR, Bhatt DL, Kirwan JP, et al; STAMPEDE Investigators. Bariatric surgery versus intensive medical therapy for diabetes - 5-year outcomes. N Engl J Med. 2017;376:641-51.Texto completo  Resumen

185. Kashyap SR, Bhatt DL, Wolski K, et al. Metabolic effects of bariatric surgery in patients with moderate obesity and type 2 diabetes: analysis of a randomized control trial comparing surgery with intensive medical treatment. Diabetes Care. 2013 Aug;36(8):2175-82.Texto completo  Resumen

186. Ikramuddin S, Korner J, Lee WJ, et al. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass vs intensive medical management for the control of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia: the Diabetes Surgery Study randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2013 Jun 5;309(21):2240-9.Texto completo  Resumen

187. Halperin F, Ding SA, Simonson DC, et al. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery or lifestyle with intensive medical management in patients with type 2 diabetes: feasibility and 1-year results of a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Surg. 2014 Jul;149(7):716-26.Texto completo  Resumen

188. Yska JP, van Roon EN, de Boer A, et al. Remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients after different types of bariatric surgery: a population-based cohort study in the United Kingdom. JAMA Surg. 2015 Dec;150(12):1126-33.Texto completo  Resumen

189. Fisher DP, Johnson E, Haneuse S, et al. Association between bariatric surgery and macrovascular disease outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and severe obesity. JAMA. 2018 Oct 16;320(15):1570-82.Texto completo  Resumen

190. O'Brien R, Johnson E, Haneuse S, et al. Microvascular outcomes in patients with diabetes after bariatric surgery versus usual care: a matched cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2018 Sep 4;169(5):300-10. Resumen

191. Park JY. Prediction of type 2 diabetes remission after bariatric or metabolic surgery. J Obes Metab Syndr. 2018 Dec 30;27(4):213-22.Texto completo  Resumen

192. Tinker SC, Gilboa SM, Moore CA, et al. Specific birth defects in pregnancies of women with diabetes: National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2011. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020 Feb;222(2):176.e1-11.Texto completo  Resumen

193. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Hypertension in pregnancy: diagnosis and management. June 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

194. Raghavan S, Vassy JL, Ho YL, et al. Diabetes mellitus-related all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in a national cohort of adults. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019 Feb 19;8(4):e011295.Texto completo  Resumen

195. Harding JL, Pavkov ME, Magliano DJ, et al. Global trends in diabetes complications: a review of current evidence. Diabetologia. 2019 Jan 31;62(1):3-16.Texto completo  Resumen

196. Ockrim Z, Yorston D. Managing diabetic retinopathy. BMJ. 2010 Oct 25;341:c5400. Resumen

197. Thomas RL, Dunstan FD, Luzio SD, et al. Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy within a national diabetic retinopathy screening service. Br J Ophthalmol. 2015 Jan;99(1):64-8. Resumen

198. Centers for Disease Control (CDC). State-specific trends in chronic kidney failure - United States, 1990-2001. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2004 Oct 8;53(39):918-20. Resumen

199. Burrows NR, Hora I, Geiss LS, et al. Incidence of end-stage renal disease attributed to diabetes among persons with diagnosed diabetes - United States and Puerto Rico, 2000-2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017 Nov 3;66(43):1165-70.Texto completo  Resumen

200. Dunlay SM, Givertz MM, Aguilar D, et al. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association and the Heart Failure Society of America. This statement does not represent an update of the 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA heart failure guideline update. Circulation. 2019 Aug 13;140(7):e294-324.Texto completo  Resumen

201. Nichols GA, Gullion CM, Koro CE, et al. The incidence of congestive heart failure in type 2 diabetes: an update. Diabetes Care. 2004 Aug;27(8):1879-84. Resumen

202. Barrett-Connor EL, Cohn BA, Wingard DL, et al. Why is diabetes mellitus a stronger risk factor for fatal ischemic heart disease in women than in men? The Rancho Bernardo Study. JAMA. 1991 Feb 6;265(5):627-31. Resumen

203. Simpson TC, Weldon JC, Worthington HV, et al. Treatment of periodontal disease for glycaemic control in people with diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Nov 6;(11):CD004714.Texto completo  Resumen

204. Bascones-Martinez A, Matesanz-Perez P, Escribano-Bermejo M, et al. Periodontal disease and diabetes: review of the literature. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2011 Sep 1;16(6):e722-9.Texto completo  Resumen

205. Pathak RD, Schroeder EB, Seaquist ER, et al. Severe hypoglycemia requiring medical intervention in a large cohort of adults with diabetes receiving care in U.S. integrated health care delivery systems: 2005-2011. Diabetes Care. 2016 Mar;39(3):363-70. Resumen

206. Davis SN, Umpierrez GE. Diabetic ketoacidosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus - pathophysiology and clinical presentation. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Nov;3(11):730-1. Resumen

207. Kitabchi AE, Umpierrez GE, Miles JM, et al. Hyperglycemic crises in adult patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009 Jul;32(7):1335-43.Texto completo  Resumen

208. Neuen BL, Young T, Heerspink HJL, et al. SGLT2 inhibitors for the prevention of kidney failure in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019 Nov;7(11):845-54. Resumen

209. Kristensen SL, Rørth R, Jhund PS, et al. Cardiovascular, mortality, and kidney outcomes with GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019 Oct;7(10):776-85. Resumen

210. Ruta LM, Magliano DJ, Lemesurier R, et al. Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes in developing and developed countries. Diabet Med. 2013 Apr;30(4):387-98. Resumen

211. Lee R, Wong TY, Sabanayagam C. Epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema and related vision loss. Eye Vis (Lond). 2015 Sep 30;2:17.Texto completo  Resumen

212. Yau JW, Rogers SL, Kawasaki R, et al; Meta-Analysis for Eye Disease (META-EYE) Study Group. Global prevalence and major risk factors of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care. 2012 Mar;35(3):556-64.Texto completo  Resumen

213. Hoffstad O, Mitra N, Walsh J, et al. Diabetes, lower-extremity amputation, and death. Diabetes Care. 2015 Oct;38(10):1852-7.Texto completo  Resumen

214. Pop-Busui R, Boulton AJ, Feldman EL, et al. Diabetic neuropathy: a position statement by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2017 Jan;40(1):136-54.Texto completo  Resumen

215. Ang L, Jaiswal M, Martin C, et al. Glucose control and diabetic neuropathy: lessons from recent large clinical trials. Curr Diab Rep. 2014;14(9):528.Texto completo  Resumen

216. Rustad JK, Musselman DL, Nemeroff CB. The relationship of depression and diabetes: pathophysiological and treatment implications. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2011 Oct;36(9):1276-86. Resumen

217. Ke C, Lau E, Shah BR, et al. Excess burden of mental Illness and hospitalization in young-onset type 2 diabetes: a population-based cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2019 Feb 5;170(3):145-54. Resumen

218. Pamidi S, Tasali E. Obstructive sleep apnea and type 2 diabetes: is there a link? Front Neurol. 2012 Aug 13;3:126.Texto completo  Resumen

219. Shaw JE, Punjabi NM, Naughton MT, et al. The effect of treatment of obstructive sleep apnea on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2016 Aug 15;194(4):486-92. Resumen

220. Martínez-Cerón E, Barquiel B, Bezos AM, et al. Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on glycemic control in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2016 Aug 15;194(4):476-85. Resumen

221. Norris SL, Nichols PJ, Caspersen CJ, et al. Increasing diabetes self-management education in community settings: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med. 2002 May;22(suppl 4):39-66. Resumen

222. Powers MA, Bardsley J, Cypress M, et al. Diabetes self-management education and support in type 2 diabetes: a joint position statement of the American Diabetes Association, the American Association of Diabetes Educators, and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Diabetes Care. 2015 Jul;38(7):1372-82.Texto completo  Resumen

223. Young LA, Buse JB, Weaver MA, et al; Monitor Trial Group. Glucose self-monitoring in non-insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes in primary care settings: a randomized trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2017 Jul 1;177(7):920-9. Resumen

224. Public Health England. Diabetic eye screening: programme overview. May 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

225. Malanda UL, Welschen LM, Riphagen II, et al. Self monitoring of blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are not using insulin. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Jan 18;(1):CD005060.Texto completo  Resumen

226. Gaede P, Vedel P, Larsen N, et al. Multifactorial intervention and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2003 Jan 30;348(5):383-93.Texto completo  Resumen

227. Public Health England. Influenza: the green book, chapter 19. October 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo

228. Public Health England. Pneumococcal: the green book, chapter 25. January 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo