Diabetes tipo 2 en adultos

Referencias

Artículos principales

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Type 2 diabetes in adults: management. June 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

Cosentino F, Grant PJ, Aboyans V, et al. 2019 ESC guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD. Eur Heart J. 2020 Jan 7;41(2):255-323.Texto completo  Resumen

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Diabetes in pregnancy: management from preconception to the postnatal period. December 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo

Davies MJ, Aroda VR, Collins BS, et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2022. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care. 2022 Nov 1;45(11):2753-86.Texto completo  Resumen

Artículos de referencia

1. Meigs JB, Muller DC, Nathan DM, et al. The natural history of progression from normal glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Diabetes. 2003 Jun;52(6):1475-84.Texto completo  Resumen

2. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: a pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants. Lancet. 2016 Apr 6;387(10027):1513-30.Texto completo  Resumen

3. Magliano DJ, Islam RM, Barr ELM, et al. Trends in incidence of total or type 2 diabetes: systematic review. BMJ. 2019 Sep 11;366:l5003.Texto completo  Resumen

4.  International Diabetes Federation. IDF diabetes atlas - 10th edition. 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

5. WHO. Diabetes. Sep 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

6. Preis SR, Pencina MJ, Hwang SJ, et al. Trends in cardiovascular disease risk factors in individuals with and without diabetes mellitus in the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2009 Jul 6;120(3):212-20.Texto completo  Resumen

7. Blomster JI, Woodward M, Zoungas S, et al. The harms of smoking and benefits of smoking cessation in women compared with men with type 2 diabetes: an observational analysis of the ADVANCE (Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron modified release Controlled Evaluation) trial. BMJ Open. 2016 Jan 8;6(1):e009668.Texto completo  Resumen

8. Tsao CW, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2023 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2023 Feb 21;147(8):e93-621.Texto completo  Resumen

9. Hansen MB, Jensen ML, Carstensen B. Causes of death among diabetic patients in Denmark. Diabetologia. 2012 Feb;55(2):294-302. Resumen

10. Tancredi M, Rosengren A, Svensson AM, et al. Excess mortality among persons with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2015 Oct 29;373(18):1720-32.Texto completo  Resumen

11. Desai JR, Vazquez-Benitez G, Xu Z, et al. Who must we target now to minimize future cardiovascular events and total mortality? Lessons from the surveillance, prevention and management of diabetes mellitus (SUPREME-DM) cohort study. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2015 Sep;8(5):508-16.Texto completo  Resumen

12. Rawshani A, Rawshani A, Franzén S, et al. Risk factors, mortality, and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2018 Aug 16;379(7):633-44.Texto completo  Resumen

13. Berkelmans GF, Gudbjörnsdottir S, Visseren FL, et al. Prediction of individual life-years gained without cardiovascular events from lipid, blood pressure, glucose, and aspirin treatment based on data of more than 500 000 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur Heart J. 2019 Sep 7;40(34):2899-906. Resumen

14. Gregg EW, Zhuo X, Cheng YJ, et al. Trends in lifetime risk and years of life lost due to diabetes in the USA, 1985-2011: a modelling study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014 Nov;2(11):867-74. Resumen

15. Nanayakkara N, Curtis AJ, Heritier S, et al. Impact of age at type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosis on mortality and vascular complications: systematic review and meta-analyses. Diabetologia. 2021 Feb;64(2):275-87.Texto completo  Resumen

16. Yuan S, Larsson SC. An atlas on risk factors for type 2 diabetes: a wide-angled Mendelian randomisation study. Diabetologia. 2020 Nov;63(11):2359-71.Texto completo  Resumen

17. Dhanasekara CS, Ancona D, Cortes L, et al. Association between autism spectrum disorders and cardiometabolic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr. 2023 Mar 1;177(3):248-57.Texto completo  Resumen

18. Mansi IA, Sumithran P, Kinaan M. Risk of diabetes with statins. BMJ. 2023 May 12;381:e071727. Resumen

19. Kahn SE, Cooper ME, Del Prato S. Pathophysiology and treatment of type 2 diabetes: perspectives on the past, present, and future. Lancet. 2014 Mar 22;383(9922):1068-83.Texto completo  Resumen

20. Chen C, Cohrs CM, Stertmann J, et al. Human beta cell mass and function in diabetes: recent advances in knowledge and technologies to understand disease pathogenesis. Mol Metab. 2017 Sep;6(9):943-57.Texto completo  Resumen

21. Defronzo RA. Banting lecture. From the triumvirate to the ominous octet: a new paradigm for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes. 2009 Apr;58(4):773-95.Texto completo  Resumen

22. Grundy SM. Metabolic syndrome: connecting and reconciling cardiovascular and diabetes worlds. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006 Mar 21;47(6):1093-100.Texto completo  Resumen

23. DeFronzo RA. Pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Med Clin North Am. 2004 Jul;88(4):787-835, ix. Resumen

24. Wormser D, Kaptoge S, Di Angelantonio E, et al; Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration. Separate and combined associations of body-mass index and abdominal adiposity with cardiovascular disease: collaborative analysis of 58 prospective studies. Lancet. 2011 Mar 26;377(9771):1085-95.Texto completo  Resumen

25. Kahn R, Buse J, Ferrannini E, et al. The metabolic syndrome: time for a critical appraisal. Joint statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2005 Sep;28(9):2289-304.Texto completo  Resumen

26. Mayer-Davis EJ, Lawrence JM, Dabelea D, et al. Incidence trends of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among youths, 2002-2012. N Engl J Med. 2017 Apr 13;376(15):1419-29.Texto completo  Resumen

27. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Type 2 diabetes: prevention in people at high risk. September 2017 [internet publication].Texto completo

28. World Gastroenterology Organisation and International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases. IFSO-WGO guidelines on obesity. 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

29. Schnurr TM, Jakupović H, Carrasquilla GD, et al. Obesity, unfavourable lifestyle and genetic risk of type 2 diabetes: a case-cohort study. Diabetologia. 2020 Jul;63(7):1324-32.Texto completo  Resumen

30. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Diabetes in America. 3rd edition. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, NIH Pub No. 17-1468; 2018.Texto completo

31. Hemmingsen B, Gimenez-Perez G, Mauricio D, et al. Diet, physical activity or both for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Dec 4;(12):CD003054.Texto completo  Resumen

32. Li Z, Cheng Y, Wang D, et al. Incidence rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus after gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 170,139 women. J Diabetes Res. 2020;2020:3076463.Texto completo  Resumen

33. Bardugo A, Bendor CD, Rotem RS, et al. Glucose intolerance in pregnancy and risk of early-onset type 2 diabetes: a population-based cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2023 May;11(5):333-44.Texto completo  Resumen

34. American Diabetes Association. Standards of care in diabetes - 2023. Diabetes Care. 2023 Jan;46(suppl 1):S1-291.Texto completo

35. Rooney MR, Fang M, Ogurtsova K, et al. Global prevalence of prediabetes. Diabetes Care. 2023 Jul 1;46(7):1388-94.Texto completo  Resumen

36. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Type 2 diabetes in adults: management. June 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

37. Sattar N, Gill JM. Type 2 diabetes in migrant south Asians: mechanisms, mitigation, and management. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2015 Dec;3(12):1004-16. Resumen

38. Ma RC, Chan JC. Type 2 diabetes in East Asians: similarities and differences with populations in Europe and the United States. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2013 Apr;1281:64-91.Texto completo  Resumen

39. Hu FB. Globalization of diabetes: the role of diet, lifestyle, and genes. Diabetes Care. 2011 Jun;34(6):1249-57.Texto completo  Resumen

40. Shai I, Jiang R, Manson JE, et al. Ethnicity, obesity, and risk of type 2 diabetes in women: a 20-year follow-up study. Diabetes Care. 2006 Jul;29(7):1585-90.Texto completo  Resumen

41. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Diabetes Statistics Report: estimates of diabetes and its burden in the United States. 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

42. Menke A, Casagrande S, Geiss L, Cowie CC. Prevalence of and trends in diabetes among adults in the United States, 1988-2012. JAMA. 2015 Sep 8;314(10):1021-9. Resumen

43. Shan Z, Li Y, Zong G, et al. Rotating night shift work and adherence to unhealthy lifestyle in predicting risk of type 2 diabetes: results from two large US cohorts of female nurses. BMJ. 2018 Nov 21;363:k4641.Texto completo  Resumen

44. NHS England. NHS diabetes prevention programme (NHS DPP) [internet publication].Texto completo

45. Diabetes and Nutrition Study Group (DNSG) of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Evidence-based European recommendations for the dietary management of diabetes. Diabetologia. 2023 Jun;66(6):965-85.Texto completo  Resumen

46. Khan TA, Field D, Chen V, et al. Combination of multiple low-risk lifestyle behaviors and incident type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Diabetes Care. 2023 Mar 1;46(3):643-56.Texto completo  Resumen

47. Nabila S, Kim JE, Choi J, et al. Associations between modifiable risk factors and changes in glycemic status among individuals with prediabetes. Diabetes Care. 2023 Mar 1;46(3):535-43.Texto completo  Resumen

48. Schlesinger S, Neuenschwander M, Ballon A, et al. Adherence to healthy lifestyles and incidence of diabetes and mortality among individuals with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2020 May;74(5):481-487. Resumen

49. Evert AB, Dennison M, Gardner CD, et al. Nutrition therapy for adults with diabetes or prediabetes: a consensus report. Diabetes Care. 2019 May;42(5):731-54.Texto completo  Resumen

50. LeBlanc EL, Patnode CD, Webber EM, et al; Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US). Behavioral and pharmacotherapy weight loss interventions to prevent obesity-related morbidity and mortality in adults: an updated systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. September 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo  Resumen

51. Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, et al; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med. 2002 Feb 7;346(6):393-403.Texto completo  Resumen

52. Pan XR, Li GW, Hu YH, et al. Effects of diet and exercise in preventing NIDDM in people with impaired glucose tolerance: the Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study. Diabetes Care. 1997 Apr;20(4):537-44. Resumen

53. Tuomilehto J, Lindström J, Eriksson JG, et al. Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. N Engl J Med. 2001 May 3;344(18):1343-50.Texto completo  Resumen

54. Knowler WC, Fowler SE, Hamman RF, et al; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. 10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. Lancet. 2009 Nov 14;374(9702):1677-86. Resumen

55. Balk EM, Earley A, Raman G, et al. Combined diet and physical activity promotion programs to prevent type 2 diabetes among persons at increased risk: a systematic review for the Community Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2015 Sep 15;163(6):437-51.Texto completo  Resumen

56. Gerstein HC, Yusuf S, Bosch J, et al; DREAM (Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipril and rosiglitazone Medication) Trial Investigators. Effect of rosiglitazone on the frequency of diabetes in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2006 Sep 23;368(9541):1096-105.Texto completo  Resumen

57. Apolzan JW, Venditti EM, Edelstein SL, et al. Long-term weight loss with metformin or lifestyle intervention in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. Ann Intern Med. 2019 May 21;170(10):682-90. Resumen

58. Moelands SV, Lucassen PL, Akkermans RP, et al. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Dec 28;(12):CD005061.Texto completo  Resumen

59. Hemmingsen B, Sonne DP, Metzendorf MI, et al. Dipeptidyl-peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 analogues for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;(5):CD012204.Texto completo  Resumen

60. Coleman RL, Scott CAB, Lang Z, et al. Meta-analysis of the impact of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors on incident diabetes and cardiovascular outcomes. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2019 Oct 17;18(1):135.Texto completo  Resumen

61. Roberts S, Barry E, Craig D, et al. Preventing type 2 diabetes: systematic review of studies of cost-effectiveness of lifestyle programmes and metformin, with and without screening, for pre-diabetes. BMJ Open. 2017 Nov 15;7(11):e017184.Texto completo  Resumen

62. Haw JS, Galaviz KI, Straus AN, et al. Long-term sustainability of diabetes prevention approaches: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2017 Dec 1;177(12):1808-17. Resumen

63. Herman WH, Pan Q, Edelstein SL, et al; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Impact of lifestyle and metformin interventions on the risk of progression to diabetes and regression to normal glucose regulation in overweight or obese people with impaired glucose regulation. Diabetes Care. 2017 Dec;40(12):1668-77.Texto completo  Resumen

64. Galaviz KI, Weber MB, Straus A, et al. Global diabetes prevention interventions: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of the real-world impact on incidence, weight, and glucose. Diabetes Care. 2018 Jul;41(7):1526-34.Texto completo  Resumen

65. Armato JP, DeFronzo RA, Abdul-Ghani M, et al. Successful treatment of prediabetes in clinical practice using physiological assessment (STOP DIABETES). Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018 Oct;6(10):781-9. Resumen

66. Arnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, et al. 2019 ACC/AHA guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2019 Sep 10;140(11):e596-e646.Texto completo  Resumen

67. Cosentino F, Grant PJ, Aboyans V, et al. 2019 ESC guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD. Eur Heart J. 2020 Jan 7;41(2):255-323.Texto completo  Resumen

68. Rosenzweig JL, Bakris GL, Berglund LF, et al. Primary prevention of ASCVD and T2DM in patients at metabolic risk: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Sep;104(9):3939-85.Texto completo  Resumen

69. World Health Organization. Classification of diabetes mellitus. 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

70. World Health Organisation. HEARTS D: diagnosis and management of type 2 diabetes. 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo

71. Newton CA, Raskin P. Diabetic ketoacidosis in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: clinical and biochemical differences. Arch Intern Med. 2004 Sep 27;164(17):1925-31.Texto completo  Resumen

72. Umpierrez GE, Kitabchi AE. Diabetic ketoacidosis: risk factors and management strategies. Treat Endocrinol. 2003;2(2):95-108. Resumen

73. Puttanna A, Padinjakara RNK. Diabetic ketoacidosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pract Diab. 2014;31(4):155-8.Texto completo

74. Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. SGLT2 inhibitors: updated advice on the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis. April 2016 [internet publication].Texto completo

75. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Type 1 diabetes in adults: diagnosis and management. August 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

76. Sacks DB, Arnold M, Bakris GL, et al; National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry. Position statement executive summary: guidelines and recommendations for laboratory analysis in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2011 Jun;34(6):1419-23.Texto completo  Resumen

77. Lampasona V, Petrone A, Tiberti C, et al. Zinc transporter 8 antibodies complement GAD and IA-2 antibodies in the identification and characterization of adult-onset autoimmune diabetes: Non Insulin Requiring Autoimmune Diabetes (NIRAD) 4. Diabetes Care. 2010 Jan;33(1):104-8.Texto completo  Resumen

78. Newman JD, Berger JS, Ladapo JA. Underuse of medications and lifestyle counseling to prevent cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2019 May;42(5):e75-e76.Texto completo  Resumen

79. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Diabetic foot problems: prevention and management. October 2019​ [internet publication].Texto completo

80. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Hypertension in adults: diagnosis and management​. March 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

81. Strain WD, Hope SV, Green A, et al. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in older people: a brief statement of key principles of modern day management including the assessment of frailty – a national collaborative stakeholder initiative. Diabet Med. 2018 Jul;35(7):838-45.Texto completo  Resumen

82. Sinclair A, Gallagher A. Managing frailty and associated comorbidities in older adults with diabetes: position statement on behalf of the Association of British Clinical Diabetologists (ABCD). 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

83. Strain WD, Down S, Brown P, et al. Diabetes and frailty: an expert consensus statement on the management of older adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Ther. 2021 May;12(5):1227-47.Texto completo  Resumen

84. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Chronic kidney disease: assessment and management. November 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

85. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Peripheral arterial disease: diagnosis and management. December 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo

86. Anstee QM, McPherson S, Day CP. How big a problem is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease? BMJ. 2011 Jul 18;343:d3897. Resumen

87. Norris JM, Johnson RK, Stene LC. Type 1 diabetes-early life origins and changing epidemiology. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020 Mar;8(3):226-38.Texto completo  Resumen

88. O'Neal KS, Johnson JL, Panak RL. Recognizing and appropriately treating latent autoimmune diabetes in adults. Diabetes Spectr. 2016 Nov;29(4):249-52.Texto completo  Resumen

89. Naik RG, Brooks-Worrell BM, Palmer JP. Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Dec;94(12):4635-44.Texto completo  Resumen

90. Pihoker C, Gilliam LK, Ellard S, et al; SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study Group. Prevalence, characteristics and clinical diagnosis of maturity onset diabetes of the young due to mutations in HNF1A, HNF4A, and glucokinase: results from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Oct;98(10):4055-62.Texto completo  Resumen

91. Nkonge KM, Nkonge DK, Nkonge TN. The epidemiology, molecular pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). Clin Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020 Nov 4;6(1):20.Texto completo  Resumen

92. Fajans SS, Bell GI. MODY: history, genetics, pathophysiology, and clinical decision making. Diabetes Care. 2011 Aug;34(8):1878-84.Texto completo  Resumen

93. Chiang JL, Maahs DM, Garvey KC, et al. Type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents: a position statement by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2018 Sep;41(9):2026-44.Texto completo  Resumen

94. Fajans SS, Bell GI, Polonsky KS. Molecular mechanisms and clinical pathophysiology of maturity-onset diabetes of the young. N Engl J Med. 2001 Sep 27;345(13):971-80. Resumen

95. Vellanki P, Umpierrez GE. Diabetic ketoacidosis: a common debut of diabetes among African Americans with type 2 diabetes. Endocr Pract. 2017 Aug;23(8):971-8.Texto completo  Resumen

96. Steenkamp DW, Alexanian SM, Sternthal E. Approach to the patient with atypical diabetes. CMAJ. 2014 Jun 10;186(9):678-84.Texto completo  Resumen

97. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Diabetes in pregnancy: management from preconception to the postnatal period. December 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo

98. UK National Screening Committee. Adult screening programme: diabetes. November 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

99. US Preventive Services Task Force. Prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: screening. August 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

100. Davies MJ, Aroda VR, Collins BS, et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2022. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care. 2022 Nov 1;45(11):2753-86.Texto completo  Resumen

101. Sherifali D, Bai JW, Kenny M, et al. Diabetes self-management programmes in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabet Med. 2015 Nov;32(11):1404-14.Texto completo  Resumen

102. Pillay J, Armstrong MJ, Butalia S, et al. Behavioral programs for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2015 Dec 1;163(11):848-60.Texto completo  Resumen

103. Chatterjee S, Davies MJ, Heller S, et al. Diabetes structured self-management education programmes: a narrative review and current innovations. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018 Feb;6(2):130-42. Resumen

104. Fisher L, Hessler D, Glasgow RE, et al. REDEEM: a pragmatic trial to reduce diabetes distress. Diabetes Care. 2013 Sep;36(9):2551-8.Texto completo  Resumen

105. Cheng J, Zhang W, Zhang X, et al. Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular deaths, and cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2014 May;174(5):773-85. Resumen

106. Hambling CE, Khunti K, Cos X, et al. Factors influencing safe glucose-lowering in older adults with type 2 diabetes: a PeRsOn-centred ApproaCh To IndiVidualisEd (PROACTIVE) glycemic goals for older people: a position statement of Primary Care Diabetes Europe. Prim Care Diabetes. 2019 Aug;13(4):330-52.Texto completo  Resumen

107. Diabetes UK. Position statement: low carb diets for people with diabetes. May 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

108. Snorgaard O, Poulsen GM, Andersen HK, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of dietary carbohydrate restriction in patients with type 2 diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2017 Feb 23;5(1):e000354.Texto completo  Resumen

109. Goldenberg JZ, Day A, Brinkworth GD, et al. Efficacy and safety of low and very low carbohydrate diets for type 2 diabetes remission: systematic review and meta-analysis of published and unpublished randomized trial data. BMJ. 2021 Jan 13;372:m4743.Texto completo  Resumen

110. Papamichou D, Panagiotakos DB, Itsiopoulos C. Dietary patterns and management of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of randomised clinical trials. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2019 Jun;29(6):531-43.Texto completo  Resumen

111. Pollakova D, Andreadi A, Pacifici F, et al. The impact of vegan diet in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Nutrients. 2021 Jun 21;13(6):2123.Texto completo  Resumen

112. Tosatti JAG, Alves MT, Gomes KB. The role of the mediterranean dietary pattern on metabolic control of patients with diabetes mellitus: a narrative review. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021;1307:115-28. Resumen

113. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Preventing excess weight gain. March 2015 [internet publication].Texto completo

114. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Weight management: lifestyle services for overweight or obese adults. May 2014 [internet publication].Texto completo

115. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Obesity: identification, assessment and management. July 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

116. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Physical activity: brief advice for adults in primary care. May 2013 [internet publication].Texto completo

117. Rietz M, Lehr A, Mino E, et al. Physical activity and risk of major diabetes-related complications in individuals with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Diabetes Care. 2022 Dec 1;45(12):3101-11.Texto completo  Resumen

118. Lean ME, Leslie WS, Barnes AC, et al. Primary care-led weight management for remission of type 2 diabetes (DiRECT): an open-label, cluster-randomised trial. Lancet. 2018 Feb 10;391(10120):541-51. Resumen

119. Gregg EW, Chen H, Wagenknecht LE, et al; Look AHEAD Research Group. Association of an intensive lifestyle intervention with remission of type 2 diabetes. JAMA. 2012 Dec 19;308(23):2489-96.Texto completo  Resumen

120. Lean ME, Leslie WS, Barnes AC, et al. Durability of a primary care-led weight-management intervention for remission of type 2 diabetes: 2-year results of the DiRECT open-label, cluster-randomised trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019 May;7(5):344-55. Resumen

121. NHS England. NHS to expand soups and shakes for people with type 2 diabetes​. April 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

122. Margolis KL, Asche SE, Bergdall AR, et al. Effect of home blood pressure telemonitoring and pharmacist management on blood pressure control: a cluster randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2013 Jul 3;310(1):46-56.Texto completo  Resumen

123. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Cardiovascular disease: risk assessment and reduction, including lipid modification. May 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

124. Giugliano RP, Cannon CP, Blazing MA, et al; IMPROVE-IT (Improved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial) Investigators. Benefit of adding ezetimibe to statin therapy on cardiovascular outcomes and safety in patients with versus without diabetes mellitus: results From IMPROVE-IT (Improved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial). Circulation. 2018 Apr 10;137(15):1571-82. Resumen

125. Sabatine MS, Giugliano RP, Keech AC, et al; FOURIER Steering Committee and Investigators. Evolocumab and clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med. 2017 May 4;376(18):1713-22.Texto completo  Resumen

126. Squizzato A, Suter MB, Nerone M, et al. PCSK9 inhibitors for treating dyslipidemia in patients at different cardiovascular risk: a systematic review and a meta-analysis. Intern Emerg Med. 2017 Oct;12(7):1043-53. Resumen

127. Lee YJ, Cho JY, You SC, et al. Moderate-intensity statin with ezetimibe vs. high-intensity statin in patients with diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the RACING trial. Eur Heart J. 2023 Mar 14;44(11):972-83.Texto completo  Resumen

128. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Tobacco: preventing uptake, promoting quitting and treating dependence. January 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

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