Infección por herpes zóster

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Institutes of Health; HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV. Sep 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

Sanford M, Keating GM. Zoster vaccine (Zostavax): a review of its use in preventing herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in older adults. Drugs Aging. 2010 Feb 1;27(2):159-76. Resumen

Dooling KL, Guo A, Patel M, et al. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices for use of herpes zoster vaccines. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018 Jan 26;67(3):103-8.Texto completo  Resumen

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. Recommended adult immunization schedule for ages 19 years or older, United States, 2023. Feb 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

UK Health Security Agency. Shingles vaccination: guidance for healthcare professionals. Mar 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

1. Gnann JW Jr, Whitley RJ. Herpes zoster. N Engl J Med. 2002 Aug 1;347(5):340-6. Resumen

2. Roxas M. Herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia: diagnosis and therapeutic considerations. Altern Med Rev. 2006 Jun;11(2):102-13. Resumen

3. Dworkin RH, Johnson RW, Breuer J, et al. Recommendations for the management of herpes zoster. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Jan 1;44 Suppl 1:S1-26.Texto completo  Resumen

4. Kawai K, Gebremeskel BG, Acosta CJ. Systematic review of incidence and complications of herpes zoster: towards a global perspective. BMJ Open. 2014 Jun 10;4(6):e004833.Texto completo  Resumen

5. Choo PW, Donahue JG, Manson JE, et al. The epidemiology of varicella and its complications. J Infect Dis. 1995 Sep;172(3):706-12. Resumen

6. Opstelten W, Mauritz Jw, de Wit NJ, et al. Herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia: incidence and risk factors using a general practice research database. Fam Pract. 2002 Oct;19(5):471-5.Texto completo  Resumen

7. Di Legami V, Gianino MM, Atti MC, et al. Epidemiology and costs of herpes zoster: background data to estimate the impact of vaccination. Vaccine. 2007 Oct 23;25(43):7598-604. Resumen

8. Garcia Cenoz M, Castilla J, Montes Y, et al. Varicella and herpes zoster incidence prior to the introduction of systematic child vaccination in Navarre, 2005-2006. An Sist Sanit Navar 2008 Jan-Apr;31(1):71-80. Resumen

9. Insinga RP, Itzler RF, Pellissier JM, et al. The incidence of herpes zoster in a United States administrative database. J Gen Intern Med. 2005 Aug;20(8):748-53.Texto completo  Resumen

10. Buchbinder SP, Katz MH, Hessol NA, et al. Herpes zoster and human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Infect Dis. 1992 Nov;166(5):1153-6. Resumen

11. Alliegro MB, Dorrucci M, Pezzotti P, et al. Herpes zoster and progression to AIDS in a cohort of individuals who seroconverted to human immunodeficiency virus. Italian HIV Seroconversion Study. Clin Infect Dis. 1996 Nov;23(5):990-5. Resumen

12. Yanni EA, Ferreira G, Guennec M, et al. Burden of herpes zoster in 16 selected immunocompromised populations in England: a cohort study in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink 2000-2012. BMJ Open. 2018 Jun 7;8(6):e020528.Texto completo  Resumen

13. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Institutes of Health; HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV. Sep 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

14. Fleming DM, Cross KW, Cobb WA, et al. Gender difference in the incidence of shingles. Epidemiol Infect. 2004 Jan;132(1):1-5.Texto completo  Resumen

15. Schmader K, George LK, Hamilton JD. Racial differences in the occurrence of herpes zoster. J Infect Dis. 1995 Mar;171(3):701-4. Resumen

16. Smith JB, Fenske NA. Herpes zoster and internal malignancy. South Med J. 1995 Nov;88(11):1089-92. Resumen

17. Kawai K, Yawn BP, Wollan P, et al. Increasing incidence of herpes zoster over a 60-year period from a population-based study. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Jul 15;63(2):221-6.Texto completo  Resumen

18. Hales CM, Harpaz R, Joesoef MR, et al. Examination of links between herpes zoster incidence and childhood varicella vaccination. Ann Intern Med. 2013 Dec 3;159(11):739-45.Texto completo  Resumen

19. Russell ML, Schopflocher DP, Svenson L, et al. Secular trends in the epidemiology of shingles in Alberta. Epidemiol Infect. 2007 Aug;135(6):908-13.Texto completo  Resumen

20. Brisson M, Edmunds WJ, Law B, et al. Epidemiology of varicella zoster virus infection in Canada and the United Kingdom. Epidemiol Infect. 2001 Oct;127(2):305-14.Texto completo  Resumen

21. Toyama N, Shiraki K; Society of the Miyazaki Prefecture Dermatologists. Epidemiology of herpes zoster and its relationship to varicella in Japan: a 10-year survey of 48,388 herpes zoster cases in Miyazaki prefecture. J Med Virol. 2009 Dec;81(12):2053-8. Resumen

22. Schmader K. Herpes zoster in older adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2001 May 15;32(10):1481-6. Resumen

23. Donahue JG, Choo PW, Manson J, et al. The incidence of herpes zoster. Arch Intern Med. 1995 Aug 7-21;155(15):1605-9. Resumen

24. Glesby MJ, Moore RD, Chaisson RE. Clinical spectrum of herpes zoster in adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis. 1995 Aug;21(2):370-5. Resumen

25. Gupta G, Lautenbach E, Lewis JD. Incidence and risk factors for herpes zoster among patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006 Dec;4(12):1483-90. Resumen

26. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Shingles (Herpes Zoster). Feb 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

27. Sanford M, Keating GM. Zoster vaccine (Zostavax): a review of its use in preventing herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in older adults. Drugs Aging. 2010 Feb 1;27(2):159-76. Resumen

28. US Food and Drug Administration. Vaccines, blood and biologics: Zostavax. Dec 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

29. Chen N, Li Q, Zhang Y, et al. Vaccination for preventing postherpetic neuralgia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Mar 16;(3):CD007795.Texto completo  Resumen

30. Gagliardi AM, Andriolo BN, Torloni MR, et al. Vaccines for preventing herpes zoster in older adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Nov 7;2019(11):CD008858.Texto completo  Resumen

31. Schmader KE, Levin MJ, Gnann JW Jr, et al. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of herpes zoster vaccine in persons aged 50-59 years. Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Apr;54(7):922-8.Texto completo  Resumen

32. Oxman MN, Levin MJ, Johnson GR, et al; Shingles Prevention Study Group. A vaccine to prevent herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in older adults. N Engl J Med. 2005 Jun 2;352(22):2271-84.Texto completo  Resumen

33. Levin MJ, Buchwald UK, Gardner J, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of zoster vaccine live administered with quadrivalent influenza virus vaccine. Vaccine. 2018 Jan 2;36(1):179-85.Texto completo  Resumen

34. Morrison VA, Johnson GR, Schmader KE, et al; Shingles Prevention Study Group. Long-term persistence of zoster vaccine efficacy. Clin Infect Dis. 2015 Mar 15;60(6):900-9.Texto completo  Resumen

35. Dooling KL, Guo A, Patel M, et al. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices for use of herpes zoster vaccines. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018 Jan 26;67(3):103-8.Texto completo  Resumen

36. Lal H, Cunningham AL, Godeaux O, et al; ZOE-50 Study Group. Efficacy of an adjuvanted herpes zoster subunit vaccine in older adults. N Engl J Med. 2015 May 28;372(22):2087-96.Texto completo  Resumen

37. Cunningham AL, Lal H, Kovac M, et al; ZOE-70 Study Group. Efficacy of the herpes zoster subunit vaccine in adults 70 years of age or older. N Engl J Med. 2016 Sep 15;375(11):1019-32.Texto completo  Resumen

38. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. Recommended adult immunization schedule for ages 19 years or older, United States, 2023. Feb 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

39. Kovac M, Lal H, Cunningham AL, et al. Complications of herpes zoster in immunocompetent older adults: incidence in vaccine and placebo groups in two large phase 3 trials. Vaccine. 2018 Mar 14;36(12):1537-41.Texto completo  Resumen

40. Boutry C, Hastie A, Diez-Domingo J, et al. The Adjuvanted Recombinant Zoster Vaccine Confers Long-Term Protection Against Herpes Zoster: Interim Results of an Extension Study of the Pivotal Phase 3 Clinical Trials ZOE-50 and ZOE-70. Clin Infect Dis. 2022 Apr 28;74(8):1459-1467.Texto completo  Resumen

41. Chlibek R, Smetana J, Pauksens K, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of three different formulations of an adjuvanted varicella-zoster virus subunit candidate vaccine in older adults: a phase II, randomized, controlled study. Vaccine. 2014 Mar 26;32(15):1745-53. Resumen

42. Lal H, Poder A, Campora L, et al. Immunogenicity, reactogenicity and safety of 2 doses of an adjuvanted herpes zoster subunit vaccine administered 2, 6 or 12 months apart in older adults: results of a phase III, randomized, open-label, multicenter study. Vaccine. 2018 Jan 2;36(1):148-54.Texto completo  Resumen

43. Tricco AC, Zarin W, Cardoso R, et al. Efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of herpes zoster vaccines in adults aged 50 and older: systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ. 2018 Oct 25;363:k4029.Texto completo  Resumen

44. Hesse EM, Shimabukuro TT, Su JR, et al. Postlicensure safety surveillance of recombinant zoster vaccine (Shingrix) - United States, October 2017 - June 2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019 Feb 1;68(4):91-4.Texto completo  Resumen

45. Grupping K, Campora L, Douha M, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of the HZ/su adjuvanted herpes zoster subunit vaccine in adults previously vaccinated with a live attenuated herpes zoster vaccine. J Infect Dis. 2017 Dec 12;216(11):1343-51.Texto completo  Resumen

46. Schwarz TF, Aggarwal N, Moeckesch B, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of an adjuvanted herpes zoster subunit vaccine coadministered with seasonal influenza vaccine in adults aged 50 years or older. J Infect Dis. 2017 Dec 12;216(11):1352-61.Texto completo  Resumen

47. Curran D, Oostvogels L, Heineman T, et al; ZOE-50/70 Study Group. Quality of life impact of an adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine in adults aged 50 years and older. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2019 Jul 12;74(8):1231-8.Texto completo  Resumen

48. Goud R, Lufkin B, Duffy J, et al. Risk of Guillain-Barré Syndrome Following Recombinant Zoster Vaccine in Medicare Beneficiaries. JAMA Intern Med. 2021 Dec 1;181(12):1623-1630.Texto completo  Resumen

49. Shimabukuro TT, Miller ER, Strikas RA, et al. Notes from the Field: vaccine administration errors involving recombinant zoster vaccine — United States, 2017–2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018 May 25;67(20):585-6.Texto completo  Resumen

50. Chen SY, Suaya JA, Li Q, et al. Incidence of herpes zoster in patients with altered immune function. Infection. 2014 Apr;42(2):325-34.Texto completo  Resumen

51. Bastidas A, de la Serna J, El Idrissi M, et al; ZOE-HSCT Study Group Collaborators. Effect of recombinant zoster vaccine on incidence of herpes zoster after autologous stem cell transplantation: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2019 Jul 9;322(2):123-33.Texto completo  Resumen

52. Dagnew AF, Ilhan O, Lee WS, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of the adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine in adults with haematological malignancies: a phase 3, randomised, clinical trial and post-hoc efficacy analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2019 Sep;19(9):988-1000.Texto completo  Resumen

53. Vink P, Ramon Torrell JM, Sanchez Fructuoso A, et al. Immunogenicity and Safety of the Adjuvanted Recombinant Zoster Vaccine in Chronically Immunosuppressed Adults Following Renal Transplant: A Phase 3, Randomized Clinical Trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Jan 2;70(2):181-190.Texto completo  Resumen

54. Vink P, Delgado Mingorance I, Maximiano Alonso C, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of the adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine in patients with solid tumors, vaccinated before or during chemotherapy: A randomized trial. Cancer. 2019 Apr 15;125(8):1301-1312.Texto completo  Resumen

55. Benson CA, Andersen JW, Macatangay BJC, et al. Safety and Immunogenicity of Zoster Vaccine Live in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Adults With CD4+ Cell Counts >200 Cells/mL Virologically Suppressed on Antiretroviral Therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2018 Nov 13;67(11):1712-1719.Texto completo  Resumen

56. Berkowitz EM, Moyle G, Stellbrink HJ, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of an adjuvanted herpes zoster subunit candidate vaccine in HIV-infected adults: a phase 1/2a randomized, placebo-controlled study. J Infect Dis. 2015 Apr 15;211(8):1279-87.Texto completo  Resumen

57. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Use of recombinant zoster vaccine in immunocompromised adults aged ≥ 19 Years: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices — United States, 2022. Jan 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo  Resumen

58. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Clinical considerations for use of recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV, Shingrix) in immunocompromised adults aged ≥19 Years. Jan 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo  Resumen

59. UK Health Security Agency. Shingles vaccination: guidance for healthcare professionals. Mar 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

60. Katz J, Cooper EM, Walther RR, et al. Acute pain in herpes zoster and its impact on health-related quality of life. Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Aug 1;39(3):342-8. Resumen

61. Gilden DH, Wright RR, Schneck SA, et al. Zoster sine herpete, a clinical variant. Ann Neurol. 1994 May;35(5):530-3. Resumen

62. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. HIV testing: encouraging uptake. Sep 2017 [internet publication].Texto completo

63. HIV in Europe. HIV indicator conditions - guidance for implementing HIV testing in adults in health care settings. Jun 2016 [internet publication].Texto completo

64. Gilden DH, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK, LaGuardia JJ, et al. Neurologic complications of the reactivation of varicella-zoster virus. N Engl J Med. 2000 Mar 2;342(9):635-45. Resumen

65. Dahl H, Marcoccia J, Linde A. Antigen detection: the method of choice in comparison with virus isolation and serology for laboratory diagnosis of herpes zoster in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. J Clin Microbiol. 1997 Feb;35(2):347-9.Texto completo  Resumen

66. Sauerbrei A, Eichhorn U, Schacke M, et al. Laboratory diagnosis of herpes zoster. J Clin Virol. 1999 Sep;14(1):31-6. Resumen

67. Pavan-Langston D. Herpes zoster antivirals and pain management. Opthalmology. 2008 Feb;115(2 Suppl):S13-20. Resumen

68. Huff JC, Bean B, Balfour HH Jr, et al. Therapy of herpes zoster with oral acyclovir. Am J Med. 1988 Aug 29;85(2A):84-9. Resumen

69. Tyring S, Barbarash RA, Nahlik JE, et al; Collaborative Famciclovir Herpes Zoster Study Group. Famciclovir for the treatment of acute herpes zoster: effects on acute disease and postherpetic neuralgia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1995 Jul 15;123(2):89-96. Resumen

70. Tyring SK, Beutner KR, Tucker BA, et al. Antiviral therapy for herpes zoster: randomized, controlled clinical trial of valacyclovir and famciclovir therapy in immunocompetent patients 50 years and older. Arch Fam Med. 2000 Sep-Oct;9(9):863-9. Resumen

71. Severson EA, Baratz KH, Hodge DO, et al. Herpes zoster ophthalmicus in Olmsted County, Minnesota: have systemic antivirals made a difference? Arch Ophthalmol. 2003 Mar;121(3):386-90.Texto completo  Resumen

72. Wassilew SW. Brivudin compared with famciclovir in the treatment of herpes zoster: effects in acute disease and chronic pain in immunocompetent patients. A randomized, double-blind, multinational study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2005 Jan;19(1):47-55. Resumen

73. McDonald EM, de Kock J, Ram FS. Antivirals for management of herpes zoster including ophthalmicus: a systematic review of high-quality randomized controlled trials. Antivir Ther. 2012;17(2):255-64. Resumen

74. Degreef H; Famciclovir Herpes Zoster Clinical Study Group. Famciclovir, a new oral antiherpes drug: results of the first controlled clinical study demonstrating its efficacy and safety in the treatment of uncomplicated herpes zoster in immunocompetent patients. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 1994;4(4):241-6. Resumen

75. Beutner KR, Friedman DJ, Forszpaniak C, et al. Valaciclovir compared with acyclovir for improved therapy for herpes zoster in immunocompetent adults. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1995 Jul;39(7):1546-53. Resumen

76. Wassilew SW, Wutzler P. Oral brivudin in comparison with acyclovir for herpes zoster: a survey study on postherpetic neuralgia. Antiviral Res. 2003 Jun;59(1):57-60. Resumen

77. Huff JC, Drucker JL, Clemmer A, et al. Effect of oral acyclovir on pain resolution in herpes zoster: a reanalysis. J Med Virol. 1993 Jan 1;Suppl 1:93-6. Resumen

78. Morton P, Thomson AN. Oral acyclovir in the treatment of herpes zoster in general practice. N Z Med J. 1989 Mar 8;102(863):93-5. Resumen

79. McKendrick MW, McGill JI, White JE, et al. Oral acyclovir in acute herpes zoster. BMJ. 1986 Dec 13;293(6561):1529-32. Resumen

80. McKendrick MW, McGill JI, Wood MJ. Lack of effect of acyclovir on postherpetic neuralgia. BMJ. 1989 Feb 18;298(6671):431. Resumen

81. Wood MJ, Ogan PH, McKendrick MW, et al. Efficacy of oral acyclovir treatment of acute herpes zoster. Am J Med. 1988 Aug 29;85(2A):79-83. Resumen

82. Wood MJ, Kay R, Dworkin RH, et al. Oral acyclovir therapy accelerates pain resolution in patients with herpes zoster: a meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials. Clin Infect Dis. 1996 Feb;22(2):341-7. Resumen

83. Jackson JL, Gibbons R, Meyer G, et al. The effect of treating herpes zoster with oral acyclovir in preventing postherpetic neuralgia: a meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med. 1997 Apr 28;157(8):909-12. Resumen

84. Whitley RJ, Weiss H, Gnann JW Jr, et al. Acyclovir with and without prednisone for the treatment of herpes zoster: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1996 Sep 1;125(5):376-83. Resumen

85. Opstelten W, Zaal MJ. Managing ophthalmic herpes zoster in primary care. BMJ. 2005 Jul 16;331(7509):147-51. Resumen

86. Kumar V, Krone K, Mathieu A. Neuraxial and sympathetic blocks in herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia: an appraisal of current evidence. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2004 Sep-Oct;29(5):454-61. Resumen

87. Wolff RF, Bala MM, Westwood M, et al. 5% lidocaine-medicated plaster vs other relevant interventions and placebo for post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN): a systematic review. Acta Neurol Scand. 2011 May;123(5):295-309. Resumen

88. Choo PW, Galil K, Donahue JG, et al. Risk factors for postherpetic neuralgia. Arch Intern Med. 1997 Jun 9;157(11):1217-24. Resumen

89. Wu CL, Marsh A, Dworkin RH. The role of sympathetic nerve blocks in herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia. Pain. 2000 Aug;87(2):121-9. Resumen

90. Rowbotham M, Harden N, Stacey B, et al. Gabapentin for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 1998 Dec 2;280(21):1837-42.Texto completo  Resumen

91. Watson CP, Babul N. Efficacy of oxycodone in neuropathic pain: a randomized trial in postherpetic neuralgia. Neurology. 1998 Jun;50(6):1837-41. Resumen

92. Bernstein JE, Korman NJ, Bickers DR, et al. Topical capsaicin treatment of chronic postherpetic neuralgia. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1989 Aug;21(2 Pt 1):265-70. Resumen

93. Galer BS, Rowbotham MC, Perander J, et al. Topical lidocaine patch relieves postherpetic neuralgia more effectively than a vehicle topical patch: results of an enriched enrollment study. Pain. 1999 Apr;80(3):533-8. Resumen

94. Backonja M, Wallace MS, Blonsky ER, et al. NGX-4010, a high-concentration capsaicin patch, for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia: a randomised, double-blind study. Lancet Neurol. 2008 Dec;7(12):1106-12. Resumen

95. Derry S, Rice AS, Cole P, et al. Topical capsaicin (high concentration) for chronic neuropathic pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Jan 13;(1):CD007393.Texto completo  Resumen

96. Irving GA, Backonja MM, Dunteman E, et al. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled study of NGX-4010, a high-concentration capsaicin patch, for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia. Pain Med. 2011 Jan;12(1):99-109. Resumen

97. Webster LR, Malan TP, Tuchman MM, et al. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled dose finding study of NGX-4010, a high-concentration capsaicin patch, for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia. J Pain. 2010 Oct;11(10):972-82. Resumen

98. Saarto T, Wiffen PJ. Antidepressants for neuropathic pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 Oct 17;(4):CD005454.Texto completo  Resumen

99. Roth TV, van Seventer R, Murphy TK. The effect of pregabalin on pain-related sleep interference in diabetic peripheral neuropathy or postherpetic neuralgia: a review of nine clinical trials. Cur Med Res Op. 2010 Oct;26(10):2411-9. Resumen

100. Wiffen PJ, Derry S, Bell RF, et al. Gabapentin for chronic neuropathic pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Jun 9;(6):CD007938.Texto completo  Resumen

101. Semel D, Murphy TK, Zlateva G, et al. Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of pregabalin in older patients with neuropathic pain: results from a pooled analysis of 11 clinical studies. BMC Fam Pract. 2010 Nov 5;11:85.Texto completo  Resumen

102. Chou R, Carson S, Chan BK. Gabapentin versus tricyclic antidepressants for diabetic neuropathy and post-herpetic neuralgia: discrepancies between direct and indirect meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. J Gen Intern Med. 2009 Feb;24(2):178-88.Texto completo  Resumen

103. Edelsberg JS, Lord C, Oster G. Systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy, safety, and tolerability data from randomized controlled trials of drugs used to treat postherpetic neuralgia. Ann Pharmacother. 2011 Dec;45(12):1483-90. Resumen

104. Tyring S, Engst R, Corriveau C, et al. Famciclovir for ophthalmic zoster: a randomised aciclovir controlled study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2001 May;85(5):576-81. Resumen

105. Kongkaew C, Chaiyakunapruk N. Efficacy of Clinacanthus nutans extracts in patients with herpes infection: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. Complement Ther Med. 2011 Feb;19(1):47-53. Resumen

106. Tyring SK, Plunkett S, Scribner AR, et al; Valomaciclovir Zoster Study Group. Valomaciclovir versus valacyclovir for the treatment of acute herpes zoster in immunocompetent adults: a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled trial. J Med Virol. 2012 Aug;84(8):1224-32. Resumen

107. Harding SP, Lipton JR, Wells JC. Natural history of herpes zoster ophthalmicus: predictors of postherpetic neuralgia and ocular involvement. Br J Ophthalmol. 1987 May;71(5):353-8.Texto completo  Resumen

108. Shaikh S, Ta CN. Evaluation and management of Herpes Zoster ophthalmicus. Am Fam Physician. 2002 Nov 1;66(9):1723-30. Resumen

109. Cobo LM, Foulks GN, Liesegang T, et al. Oral acyclovir in the treatment of acute herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Ophthalmology. 1986 Jun;93(6):763-70. Resumen

110. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Acute retinal necrosis. September 2017 [internet publication].Texto completo

111. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Progressive outer retinal necrosis. May 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

112. Harpaz R, Ortega-Sanchez IR, Seward JF, et al. Prevention of herpes zoster: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2008 Jun 6;57(rr-5):1-30. Resumen

113. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated recommendations for use of VariZIG - United States, 2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2013 Jul 19;62(28):574-6.Texto completo  Resumen

114. UK Health Security Agency. Guidance: Post exposure prophylaxis for chickenpox and shingles. Apr 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo