Síndrome de Cushing

Sharma ST, Nieman LK, Feelders RA. Cushing's syndrome: epidemiology and developments in disease management. Clin Epidemiol. 2015 Apr 17;7:281-93.Texto completo  Resumen

Fleseriu M, Auchus R, Bancos I, et al. Consensus on diagnosis and management of Cushing's disease: a guideline update. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021 Dec;9(12):847-75.Texto completo  Resumen

Nieman LK, Biller BM, Findling JW, et al. Treatment of Cushing’s syndrome: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Aug;100(8):2807-31.Texto completo  Resumen

Feelders RA, Newell-Price J, Pivonello R, et al. Advances in the medical treatment of Cushing's syndrome. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019 Apr;7(4):300-12. Resumen

Ritzel K, Beuschlein F, Mickisch A, et al. Clinical review: outcome of bilateral adrenalectomy in Cushing's syndrome: a systematic review. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Oct;98(10):3939-48.Texto completo  Resumen

1. Lacroix A, Feelders RA, Stratakis CA, et al. Cushing's syndrome. Lancet. 2015 Aug 29;386(9996):913-27. Resumen

2. Costa MH, Lacroix A. Cushing's syndrome secondary to ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2007 Nov;51(8):1226-37.Texto completo  Resumen

3. Beuschlein F, Reincke M, Karl M, et al. Clonal composition of human adrenocortical neoplasms. Cancer Res. 1994 Sep 15;54(18):4927-32.Texto completo  Resumen

4. Gicquel C, Bertagna X, Le Bouc Y. Recent advances in the pathogenesis of adrenocortical tumours. Eur J Endocrinol. 1995 Aug;133(2):133-44. Resumen

5. Stratakis CA. Cushing syndrome caused by adrenocortical tumors and hyperplasias (corticotropin-independent Cushing syndrome). Endocr Dev. 2008;13:117-32.Texto completo  Resumen

6. Stratakis CA, Kirschner LS, Carney JA. Clinical and molecular features of the Carney complex: diagnostic criteria and recommendations for patient evaluation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Sep;86(9):4041-6.Texto completo  Resumen

7. Horvath A, Stratakis C. Primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease and Cushing's syndrome. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2007 Nov;51(8):1238-44.Texto completo  Resumen

8. Sharma ST, Nieman LK, Feelders RA. Cushing's syndrome: epidemiology and developments in disease management. Clin Epidemiol. 2015 Apr 17;7:281-93.Texto completo  Resumen

9. Ferrau F, Korbonits M. Metabolic comorbidities in Cushing's syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol. 2015 Oct;173(4):M133-57.Texto completo  Resumen

10. Fassnacht M, Dekkers OM, Else T, et al. European Society of Endocrinology clinical practice guidelines on the management of adrenocortical carcinoma in adults, in collaboration with the European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors. Eur J Endocrinol. 2018 Oct 1;179(4):G1-46.Texto completo  Resumen

11. Hakami OA, Ahmed S, Karavitaki N. Epidemiology and mortality of Cushing's syndrome. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Jan;35(1):101521. Resumen

12. Anderson GH Jr, Blankeman N, Streeten DH. The effect of age on prevalence of secondary forms of hypertension in 4429 consecutively referred patients. J Hypertens. 1994 May;12(5):609-15. Resumen

13. Omura M, Saito J, Yamaguchi K, et al. Prospective study on the prevalence of secondary hypertension among hypertensive patients visiting a general outpatient clinic in Japan. Hypertens Res. 2004 Mar;27(3):193-202.Texto completo  Resumen

14. Vaidya A, Hamrahian A, Bancos I, et al. The evaluation of incidentally discovered adrenal masses. Endocr Pract. 2019 Feb;25(2):178-92. Resumen

15. Chiodini I, Mascia ML, Muscarella S, et al. Subclinical hypercortisolism among outpatients referred for osteoporosis. Ann Intern Med. 2007 Oct 16;147(8):541-8. Resumen

16. Mehta GU, Lonser RR. Management of hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas. Neuro Oncol. 2017 Jun 1;19(6):762-73.Texto completo  Resumen

17. Ben-Shlomo A, Cooper O. Silent corticotroph adenomas. Pituitary. 2018 Apr;21(2):183-93. Resumen

18. Perez-Rivas LG, Reincke M. Genetics of Cushing's disease: an update. J Endocrinol Invest. 2016 Jan;39(1):29-35. Resumen

19. Duan K, Gomez Hernandez K, Mete O. Clinicopathological correlates of adrenal Cushing's syndrome. J Clin Pathol. 2015 Mar;68(3):175-86.Texto completo  Resumen

20. Hopkins RL, Leinung MC. Exogenous Cushing's syndrome and glucocorticoid withdrawal. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2005 Jun;34(2):371-84, ix. Resumen

21. Mebrahtu TF, Morgan AW, Keeley A, et al. Dose dependency of iatrogenic glucocorticoid excess and adrenal insufficiency and mortality: a cohort study in England. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Apr 22;104(9):3757-67.Texto completo  Resumen

22. Freda PU, Beckers AM, Katznelson L, et al. Pituitary incidentaloma: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Apr;96(4):894-904.Texto completo  Resumen

23. Nieman LK, Biller BM, Findling JW, et al. The diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 May;93(5):1526-40.Texto completo  Resumen

24. Brzana J, Yedinak CG, Hameed N, et al. Polycystic ovarian syndrome and Cushing's syndrome: a persistent diagnostic quandary. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2014 Apr;175:145-8. Resumen

25. Zeiger MA, Thompson GB, Duh QY, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American Association of Endocrine Surgeons medical guidelines for the management of adrenal incidentalomas: executive summary of recommendations. Endocr Pract. 2009 Jul-Aug;15(5):450-3. Resumen

26. Fleseriu M, Auchus R, Bancos I, et al. Consensus on diagnosis and management of Cushing's disease: a guideline update. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021 Dec;9(12):847-75.Texto completo  Resumen

27. Nieman L. Cushing's: update on signs, symptoms and biochemical screening. Eur J Endocrinol. 2015 Oct;173(4):M33-8.Texto completo  Resumen

28. Galm BP, Qiao N, Klibanski A, et al. Accuracy of laboratory tests for the diagnosis of Cushing syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Jun 1;105(6):2081-94.Texto completo  Resumen

29. Carroll TB, Raff H, Findling JW. Late-night salivary cortisol for the diagnosis of Cushing syndrome: a meta-analysis. Endocr Pract. 2009 May-Jun;15(4):335-42. Resumen

30. Raff H. Utility of salivary cortisol measurements in Cushing's syndrome and adrenal insufficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Oct;94(10):3647-55.Texto completo  Resumen

31. Zhang Q, Dou J, Gu W, et al. Reassessing the reliability of the salivary cortisol assay for the diagnosis of Cushing syndrome. J Int Med Res. 2013 Oct;41(5):1387-94.Texto completo  Resumen

32. Petersenn S, Newell-Price J, Findling JW, et al. High variability in baseline urinary free cortisol values in patients with Cushing's disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2014 Feb;80(2):261-9.Texto completo  Resumen

33. Elias PC, Martinez EZ, Barone BF, et al. Late-night salivary cortisol has a better performance than urinary free cortisol in the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Jun;99(6):2045-51.Texto completo  Resumen

34. Sandouk Z, Johnston P, Bunch D, et al. Variability of late-night salivary cortisol in Cushing disease: a prospective study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018 Mar 1;103(3):983-90.Texto completo  Resumen

35. Keller J, Flores B, Gomez RG, et al. Cortisol circadian rhythm alterations in psychotic major depression. Biol Psychiatry. 2006 Aug 1;60(3):275-81. Resumen

36. Carroll BJ, Cassidy F, Naftolowitz D, et al. Pathophysiology of hypercortisolism in depression. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 2007;(433):90-103. Resumen

37. Raff H, Raff JL, Findling JW. Late-night salivary cortisol as a screening test for Cushing's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Aug;83(8):2681-6.Texto completo  Resumen

38. Grober Y, Grober H, Wintermark M, et al. Comparison of MRI techniques for detecting microadenomas in Cushing's disease. J Neurosurg. 2017 Apr 28:1-7. Resumen

39. Newell-Price J, Trainer P, Besser M, et al. The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome and pseudo-Cushing's states. Endocr Rev. 1998 Oct;19(5):647-72.Texto completo  Resumen

40. Aron DC, Raff H, Findling JW. Effectiveness versus efficacy: the limited value in clinical practice of high dose dexamethasone suppression testing in the differential diagnosis of adrenocorticotropin-dependent Cushing's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 Jun;82(6):1780-5.Texto completo  Resumen

41. Raff H, Findling JW. A physiologic approach to diagnosis of the Cushing syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 2003 Jun 17;138(12):980-91. Resumen

42. Oldfield EH, Doppman JL, Nieman LK, et al. Petrosal sinus sampling with and without corticotropin-releasing hormone for the differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1991 Sep 26;325(13):897-905.Texto completo  Resumen

43. Findling JW, Kehoe ME, Shaker JL, et al. Routine inferior petrosal sinus sampling in the differential diagnosis of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-dependent Cushing's syndrome: early recognition of the occult ectopic ACTH syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1991 Aug;73(2):408-13. Resumen

44. Doppman JL, Pass HI, Nieman LK, et al. Detection of ACTH-producing bronchial carcinoid tumors: MR imaging vs CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1991 Jan;156(1):39-43.Texto completo  Resumen

45. Pacak K, Ilias I, Chen CC, et al. The role of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and (111)In-diethylenetriaminepentaacetate-D-Phe-pentetreotide scintigraphy in the localization of ectopic adrenocorticotropin-secreting tumors causing Cushing's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 May;89(5):2214-21.Texto completo  Resumen

46. Panagiotidis E, Alshammari A, Michopoulou S, et al. Comparison of the impact of 68Ga-DOTATATE and 18F-FDG PET/CT on clinical management in patients with neuroendocrine tumors. J Nucl Med. 2017 Jan;58(1):91-6.Texto completo  Resumen

47. Santhanam P, Taieb D, Giovanella L, et al. PET imaging in ectopic Cushing syndrome: a systematic review. Endocrine. 2015 Nov;50(2):297-305. Resumen

48. Barrio M, Czernin J, Fanti S, et al. The impact of somatostatin receptor-directed PET/CT on the management of patients with neuroendocrine tumor: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nucl Med. 2017 May;58(5):756-61. Resumen

49. Delivanis DA, Athimulam S, Bancos I. Modern management of mild autonomous cortisol secretion. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2019 Dec;106(6):1209-21. Resumen

50. Masserini B, Morelli V, Bergamaschi S, et al. The limited role of midnight salivary cortisol levels in the diagnosis of subclinical hypercortisolism in patients with adrenal incidentaloma. Eur J Endocrinol. 2009 Jan;160(1):87-92.Texto completo  Resumen

51. Pivonello R, De Martino MC, Colao A. How should patients with adrenal incidentalomas be followed up? Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014 May;2(5):352-4. Resumen

52. Fassnacht M, Arlt W, Bancos I, et al. Management of adrenal incidentalomas: European Society of Endocrinology clinical practice guideline in collaboration with the European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors. Eur J Endocrinol. 2016 Aug;175(2):G1-34.Texto completo  Resumen

53. Paschou SA, Kandaraki E, Dimitropoulou F, et al. Subclinical Cushing's syndrome in patients with bilateral compared to unilateral adrenal incidentalomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocrine. 2016 Feb;51(2):225-35. Resumen

54. Scaroni C, Zilio M, Foti M, et al. Glucose metabolism abnormalities in Cushing syndrome: from molecular basis to clinical management. Endocr Rev. 2017 Jun 1;38(3):189-219.Texto completo  Resumen

55. Steffensen C, Pereira AM, Dekkers OM, et al. Diagnosis of endocrine disease: prevalence of hypercortisolism in type 2 diabetes patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Endocrinol. 2016 Dec;175(6):R247-53.Texto completo  Resumen

56. Pivonello R, Isidori AM, De Martino MC, et al. Complications of Cushing's syndrome: state of the art. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2016 Jul;4(7):611-29. Resumen

57. Dorn LD, Burgess ES, Dubbert B, et al. Psychopathology in patients with endogenous Cushing's syndrome: 'atypical' or melancholic features. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1995 Oct;43(4):433-42. Resumen

58. Bourdeau I, Bard C, Forget H, et al. Cognitive function and cerebral assessment in patients who have Cushing's syndrome. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2005 Jun;34(2):357-69;ix. Resumen

59. van der Pas R, Leebeek FW, Hofland LJ, et al. Hypercoagulability in Cushing's syndrome: prevalence, pathogenesis and treatment. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2013 Apr;78(4):481-8.Texto completo  Resumen

60. Stuijver DJ, van Zaane B, Feelders RA, et al. Incidence of venous thromboembolism in patients with Cushing's syndrome: a multicenter cohort study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Nov;96(11):3525-32.Texto completo  Resumen

61. Stratakis CA. Skin manifestations of Cushing's syndrome. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2016 Sep;17(3):283-6.Texto completo  Resumen

62. Pecori Giraldi F, Moro M, Cavagnini F, et al. Gender-related differences in the presentation and course of Cushing's disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Apr;88(4):1554-8.Texto completo  Resumen

63. Carroll T, Raff H, Findling JW. Late-night salivary cortisol measurement in the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Jun;4(6):344-50. Resumen

64. Elamin MB, Murad MH, Mullan R, et al. Accuracy of diagnostic tests for Cushing's syndrome: a systematic review and metaanalyses. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 May;93(5):1553-62.Texto completo  Resumen

65. Invitti C, Pecori Giraldi F, Dubini A, et al. Increased urinary free cortisol and decreased serum corticosteroid-binding globulin in polycystic ovary syndrome. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1991 Jul;125(1):28-32. Resumen

66. Nieman LK, Biller BM, Findling JW, et al. Treatment of Cushing’s syndrome: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Aug;100(8):2807-31.Texto completo  Resumen

67. Swearingen B, Biller BM, Barker FG 2nd, et al. Long-term mortality after transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing disease. Ann Intern Med. 1999 May 18;130(10):821-4. Resumen

68. Hammer GD, Tyrrell JB, Lamborn KR, et al. Transsphenoidal microsurgery for Cushing's disease: initial outcome and long-term results. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Dec;89(12):6348-57.Texto completo  Resumen

69. Pivonello R, De Leo M, Cozzolino A, et al. The treatment of Cushing's disease. Endocr Rev. 2015 Aug;36(4):385-486.Texto completo  Resumen

70. Broersen LHA, Biermasz NR, van Furth WR, et al. Endoscopic vs. microscopic transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pituitary. 2018 Oct;21(5):524-34.Texto completo  Resumen

71. Abu Dabrh AM, Singh Ospina NM, Al Nofal A, et al. Predictors of biochemical remission and recurrence after surgical and radiation treatments of Cushing disease: a systematic disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocr Pract. 2016 Apr;22(4):466-75. Resumen

72. Patil CG, Prevedello DM, Lad SP, et al. Late recurrences of Cushing's disease after initial successful transsphenoidal surgery. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Feb;93(2):358-62.Texto completo  Resumen

73. Fleseriu M, Hamrahian AH, Hoffman AR, et al; AACE Neuroendocrine and Pituitary Scientific Committee. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology Disease State Clinical Review: diagnosis of recurrence in Cushing disease. Endocr Pract. 2016 Dec;22(12):1436-48. Resumen

74. Sughrue ME, Shah JK, Devin JK, et al. Utility of the immediate postoperative cortisol concentrations in patients with Cushing's disease. Neurosurgery. 2010 Sep;67(3):688-95. Resumen

75. Hameed N, Yedinak CG, Brzana J, et al. Remission rate after transsphenoidal surgery in patients with pathologically confirmed Cushing's disease, the role of cortisol, ACTH assessment and immediate reoperation: a large single center experience. Pituitary. 2013 Dec;16(4):452-8. Resumen

76. Danet-Lamasou M, Asselineau J, Perez P, et al. Accuracy of repeated measurements of late-night salivary cortisol to screen for early-stage recurrence of Cushing's disease following pituitary surgery. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2015 Feb;82(2):260-6. Resumen

77. Braun LT, Rubinstein G, Zopp S, et al. Recurrence after pituitary surgery in adult Cushing's disease: a systematic review on diagnosis and treatment. Endocrine. 2020 Nov;70(2):218-31.Texto completo  Resumen

78. Reincke M, Ritzel K, Osswald A, et al. A critical re-appraisal of bilateral adrenalectomy for ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol. 2015 Oct;173(4):M23-32.Texto completo  Resumen

79. Cuevas-Ramos D, Fleseriu M. Treatment of Cushing's disease: a mechanistic update. J Endocrinol. 2014 Nov;223(2):R19-39.Texto completo  Resumen

80. Friedman RB, Oldfield EH, Nieman LK, et al. Repeat transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing's disease. J Neurosurg. 1989 Oct;71(4):520-7. Resumen

81. Benveniste RJ, King WA, Walsh J, et al. Repeated transsphenoidal surgery to treat recurrent or residual pituitary adenoma. J Neurosurg. 2005 Jun;102(6):1004-12. Resumen

82. Hofmann BM, Hlavac M, Kreutzer J, et al. Surgical treatment of recurrent Cushing's disease. Neurosurgery. 2006 Jun;58(6):1108-18. Resumen

83. Sonino N, Zielezny M, Fava GA, et al. Risk factors and long-term outcome in pituitary-dependent Cushing's disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996 Jul;81(7):2647-52.Texto completo  Resumen

84. Castinetti F, Nagai M, Dufour H, et al. Gamma knife radiosurgery is a successful adjunctive treatment in Cushing's disease. Eur J Endocrinol. 2007 Jan;156(1):91-8.Texto completo  Resumen

85. Devin JK, Allen GS, Cmelak AJ, et al. The efficacy of linear accelerator radiosurgery in the management of patients with Cushing's disease. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 2004;82(5-6):254-62. Resumen

86. Estrada J, Boronat M, Mielgo M, et al. The long-term outcome of pituitary irradiation after unsuccessful transsphenoidal surgery in Cushing's disease. N Engl J Med. 1997 Jan 16;336(3):172-7.Texto completo  Resumen

87. Starke RM, Williams BJ, Vance ML, et al. Radiation therapy and stereotactic radiosurgery for the treatment of Cushing's disease: an evidence-based review. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2010 Aug;17(4):356-64. Resumen

88. Varlamov EV, McCartney S, Fleseriu M. Functioning pituitary adenomas - current treatment options and emerging medical therapies. Eur Endocrinol. 2019 Apr;15(1):30-40.Texto completo  Resumen

89. Feelders RA, Newell-Price J, Pivonello R, et al. Advances in the medical treatment of Cushing's syndrome. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019 Apr;7(4):300-12. Resumen

90. Hinojosa-Amaya JM, Cuevas-Ramos D, Fleseriu M. Medical management of Cushing's syndrome: current and emerging treatments. Drugs. 2019 Jun;79(9):935-56. Resumen

91. Broersen LHA, Jha M, Biermasz NR, et al. Effectiveness of medical treatment for Cushing's syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pituitary. 2018 Dec;21(6):631-41.Texto completo  Resumen

92. Colao A, Petersenn S, Newell-Price J, et al. A 12-month phase 3 study of pasireotide in Cushing's disease. N Engl J Med. 2012 Mar 8;366(10):914-24.Texto completo  Resumen

93. Lacroix A, Gu F, Gallardo W, et al. Efficacy and safety of once-monthly pasireotide in Cushing's disease: a 12 month clinical trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018 Jan;6(1):17-26. Resumen

94. Simeoli C, Auriemma RS, Tortora F, et al. The treatment with pasireotide in Cushing's disease: effects of long-term treatment on tumor mass in the experience of a single center. Endocrine. 2015 Dec;50(3):725-40. Resumen

95. Findling JW, Fleseriu M, Newell-Price J, et al. Late-night salivary cortisol may be valuable for assessing treatment response in patients with Cushing's disease: 12-month, phase III pasireotide study. Endocrine. 2016 Nov;54(2):516-23.Texto completo  Resumen

96. Trementino L, Michetti G, Angeletti A, et al. A single-center 10-year experience with pasireotide in Cushing's disease: patients' characteristics and outcome. Horm Metab Res. 2016 May;48(5):290-8.Texto completo  Resumen

97. Petersenn S, Fleseriu M. Pituitary-directed medical therapy in Cushing's disease. Pituitary. 2015 Apr;18(2):238-44. Resumen

98. Palui R, Sahoo J, Kamalanathan S, et al. Effect of cabergoline monotherapy in Cushing's disease: an individual participant data meta-analysis. J Endocrinol Invest. 2018 Dec;41(12):1445-55. Resumen

99. Pivonello R, Fleseriu M, Newell-Price J, et al. Efficacy and safety of osilodrostat in patients with Cushing's disease (LINC 3): a multicentre phase III study with a double-blind, randomised withdrawal phase. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020 Sep;8(9):748-61. Resumen

100. Castinetti F, Guignat L, Giraud P, et al. Ketoconazole in Cushing's disease: is it worth a try? J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014 May;99(5):1623-30.Texto completo  Resumen

101. US Food and Drug Administration. FDA drug safety communication: FDA warns that prescribing of Nizoral (ketoconazole) oral tablets for unapproved uses including skin and nail infections continues; linked to patient death. May 2016 [internet publication].Texto completo

102. Fleseriu M, Castinetti F. Updates on the role of adrenal steroidogenesis inhibitors in Cushing's syndrome: a focus on novel therapies. Pituitary. 2016 Dec;19(6):643-53.Texto completo  Resumen

103. Fleseriu M, Pivonello R, Elenkova A, et al. Efficacy and safety of levoketoconazole in the treatment of endogenous Cushing's syndrome (SONICS): a phase 3, multicentre, open-label, single-arm trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019 Nov;7(11):855-65. Resumen

104. Zacharieva SZ, Pivonello R, Elenkova A, et al. MON-332 safety and efficacy of levoketoconazole in the treatment of endogenous Cushing’s syndrome (LOGICS): a double-blind, placebo-controlled, withdrawal study. J Endocr Soc. 2020 May 8;4(suppl 1):MON-332.Texto completo

105. Fleseriu M, Findling JW, Koch CA, et al. Changes in plasma ACTH levels and corticotroph tumor size in patients with Cushing's disease during long-term treatment with the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Oct;99(10):3718-27.Texto completo  Resumen

106. Fleseriu M, Biller BM, Findling JW, et al; SEISMIC Study Investigators. Mifepristone, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, produces clinical and metabolic benefits in patients with Cushing's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Jun;97(6):2039-49.Texto completo  Resumen

107. Neychev V, Steinberg SM, Yang L, et al. Long-term outcome of bilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy measured by disease-specific questionnaire in a unique group of patients with Cushing's syndrome. Ann Surg Oncol. 2015 Dec;22 Suppl 3:S699-706. Resumen

108. Ritzel K, Beuschlein F, Mickisch A, et al. Clinical review: outcome of bilateral adrenalectomy in Cushing's syndrome: a systematic review. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Oct;98(10):3939-48.Texto completo  Resumen

109. Fleseriu M, Hashim IA, Karavitaki N, et al. Hormonal replacement in hypopituitarism in adults: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016 Nov;101(11):3888-921.Texto completo  Resumen

110. Bancos I, Alahdab F, Crowley RK, et al. Therapy of endocrine disease: improvement of cardiovascular risk factors after adrenalectomy in patients with adrenal tumors and subclinical Cushing's syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Endocrinol. 2016 Dec;175(6):R283-95.Texto completo  Resumen

111. Cohan P, East HE, Galati SJ, et al. Mifepristone treatment in four cases of primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (BMAH). J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Dec 1;104(12):6279-90.Texto completo  Resumen

112. Fleseriu M, Petersenn S. Medical management of Cushing's disease: what is the future? Pituitary. 2012 Sep;15(3):330-41.Texto completo  Resumen

113. De Tommasi C, Vance ML, Okonkwo DO, et al. Surgical management of adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting macroadenomas: outcome and challenges in patients with Cushing's disease or Nelson's syndrome. J Neurosurg. 2005 Nov;103(5):825-30. Resumen

114. Faggiano A, Pivonello R, Spiezia S, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors and common carotid artery caliber and stiffness in patients with Cushing's disease during active disease and 1 year after disease remission. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Jun;88(6):2527-33.Texto completo  Resumen

115. Van der Klaauw AA, Kars M, Biermasz NR, et al. Disease-specific impairments in quality of life during long-term follow-up of patients with different pituitary adenomas. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2008 Nov;69(5):775-84. Resumen

116. Knoble N, Nayroles G, Cheng C, et al. Illustration of patient-reported outcome challenges and solutions in rare diseases: a systematic review in Cushing's syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2018 Dec 19;13(1):228.Texto completo  Resumen

117. Petersenn S, Beckers A, Ferone D, et al. Therapy of endocrine disease: outcomes in patients with Cushing's disease undergoing transsphenoidal surgery: systematic review assessing criteria used to define remission and recurrence. Eur J Endocrinol. 2015 June;172(6):R227-39.Texto completo  Resumen

118. Blevins LS Jr, Christy JH, Khajavi M, et al. Outcomes of therapy for Cushing's disease due to adrenocorticotropin-secreting pituitary macroadenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Jan;83(1):63-7.Texto completo  Resumen

119. Qiao N. Outcome of endoscopic vs microsurgical transsphenoidal resection for Cushing's disease. Endocr Connect. 2018 Jan;7(1):R26-37.Texto completo  Resumen

120. Dhandapani S, Narayanan R, Jayant SS, et al. Endonasal endoscopic versus microscopic transsphenoidal surgery in pituitary tumors among the young: a comparative study & meta-analysis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2021 Jan;200:106411. Resumen

121. Park J, De Luca A, Dutton H, et al. Cardiovascular outcomes in autonomous cortisol secretion and nonfunctioning adrenal adenoma: a systematic review. J Endocr Soc. 2019 May 1;3(5):996-1008.Texto completo  Resumen

122. Arnaldi G, Angeli A, Atkinson AB, et al. Diagnosis and complications of Cushing's syndrome: a consensus statement. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Dec;88(12):5593-602.Texto completo  Resumen

123. St-Jean M, Lim DST, Langlois F. Hypercoagulability in Cushing's syndrome: from arterial to venous disease. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Mar;35(2):101496. Resumen

124. Chee GH, Mathias DB, James RA, et al. Transsphenoidal pituitary surgery in Cushing's disease: can we predict outcome? Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2001 May;54(5):617-26. Resumen

125. McCance DR, Gordon DS, Fannin TF, et al. Assessment of endocrine function after transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing's disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1993 Jan;38(1):79-86. Resumen

126. Assié G, Bahurel H, Coste J, et al. Corticotroph tumor progression after adrenalectomy in Cushing's disease: a reappraisal of Nelson's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Jan;92(1):172-9.Texto completo  Resumen

127. Cote DJ, Alzarea A, Acosta MA, et al. Predictors and rates of delayed symptomatic hyponatremia after transsphenoidal surgery: a systematic review. World Neurosurg. 2016 Apr;88:1-6. [Erratum in: World Neurosurg. 2016 May 31;S1878-8750(16)30270-4.] Resumen

128. Rees DA, Hanna FW, Davies JS, et al. Long-term follow-up results of transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing's disease in a single centre using strict criteria for remission. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2002 Apr;56(4):541-51. Resumen

129. Yap LB, Turner HE, Adams CB, et al. Undetectable postoperative cortisol does not always predict long-term remission in Cushing's disease: a single centre audit. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2002 Jan;56(1):25-31. Resumen

130. Burke CW, Adams CB, Esiri MM, et al. Transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing's disease: does what is removed determine the endocrine outcome? Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1990 Oct;33(4):525-37. Resumen

131. Trainer PJ, Lawrie HS, Verhelst JA, et al. Transsphenoidal resection in Cushing's disease: undetectable serum cortisol as the definition of successful treatment. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1993 Jan;38(1):73-8. Resumen

132. Semple CG, Thomson JA, Teasdale GM. Transsphenoidal microsurgery for Cushing's disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1984 Dec;21(6):621-9. Resumen

133. Smith TR, Hulou MM, Huang KT, et al. Complications after transsphenoidal surgery for patients with Cushing's disease and silent corticotroph adenomas. Neurosurg Focus. 2015 Feb;38(2):E12.Texto completo  Resumen

134. Prete A, Corsello SM, Salvatori R. Current best practice in the management of patients after pituitary surgery. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2017 Mar;8(3):33-48.Texto completo  Resumen