Embolia pulmonar

Referencias

Artículos principales

Konstantinides SV, Meyer G, Becattini C, et al. 2019 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS). Eur Heart J. 2020 Jan 21;41(4):543-603.Texto completo  Resumen

Stevens SM, Woller SC, Baumann Kreuziger L, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: second update of the CHEST guideline and expert panel report. 2021 Dec;160(6):e545-608.Texto completo  Resumen

American College of Radiology. ACR Appropriateness Criteria®: suspected pulmonary embolism. 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

Lyman GH, Carrier M, Ay C, et al. American Society of Hematology 2021 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: prevention and treatment in patients with cancer. Blood Adv. 2021 Feb 23;5(4):927-74.Texto completo  Resumen

Bates SM, Rajasekhar A, Middeldorp S, et al. American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: venous thromboembolism in the context of pregnancy. Blood Adv. 2018 Nov 27;2(22):3317-59.Texto completo  Resumen

Artículos de referencia

1. Cervantes J, Rojas G. Virchow's legacy: deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. World J Surg. 2005;29 Suppl 1:S30-4. Resumen

2. Huisman MV, Büller HR, ten Cate JW, et al. Unexpected high prevalence of silent pulmonary embolism in patients with deep venous thrombosis. Chest. 1989 Mar;95(3):498-502. Resumen

3. Qanadli SD, El Hajjam M, Vieillard-Baron A, et al. New CT index to quantify arterial obstruction in pulmonary embolism: comparison with angiographic index and echocardiography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001 Jun;176(6):1415-20.Texto completo  Resumen

4. Konstantinides SV, Meyer G, Becattini C, et al. 2019 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS). Eur Heart J. 2020 Jan 21;41(4):543-603.Texto completo  Resumen

5. Bell WR, Simon TL, DeMets DL. The clinical features of submassive and massive pulmonary emboli. Am J Med. 1977 Mar;62(3):355-60. Resumen

6. Dentali F, Ageno W, Becattini C, et al. Prevalence and clinical history of incidental, asymptomatic pulmonary embolism: a meta-analysis. Thromb Res. 2010 Jun;125(6):518-22. Resumen

7. Donadini MP, Dentali F, Squizzato A, et al. Unsuspected pulmonary embolism in cancer patients: a narrative review with pooled data. Intern Emerg Med. 2014 Jun;9(4):375-84.Texto completo  Resumen

8. Stein PD, Henry JW. Prevalence of acute pulmonary embolism among patients in a general hospital and at autopsy. Chest. 1995 Oct;108(4):978-81. Resumen

9. Beckman MG, Hooper WC, Critchley SE, et al. Venous thromboembolism: a public health concern. Am J Prev Med. 2010 Apr;38(4 suppl):S495-501.Texto completo  Resumen

10. Stein PD, Matta F. Epidemiology and incidence: the scope of the problem and risk factors for development of venous thromboembolism. Clin Chest Med. 2010 Dec;31(4):611-28. Resumen

11. Stein PD, Hull RD, Kayali F, et al. Venous thromboembolism according to age: the impact of an aging population. Arch Intern Med. 2004 Nov 8;164(20):2260-65. Resumen

12. Heit JA. Epidemiology of venous thromboembolism. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2015 Aug;12(8):464-74.Texto completo  Resumen

13. Smith SB, Geske JB, Kathuria P, et al. Analysis of National Trends in Admissions for Pulmonary Embolism. Chest. 2016 Jul;150(1):35-45.Texto completo  Resumen

14. Minges KE, Bikdeli B, Wang Y, et al. National Trends in Pulmonary Embolism Hospitalization Rates and Outcomes for Adults Aged ≥65 Years in the United States (1999 to 2010). Am J Cardiol. 2015 Nov 1;116(9):1436-42.Texto completo  Resumen

15. Martin KA, Molsberry R, Cuttica MJ, et al. Time trends in pulmonary embolism mortality rates in the United States, 1999 to 2018. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020 Sep;9(17):e016784.Texto completo  Resumen

16. Marder VJ, Rosove MH, Minning DM. Foundation and sites of action of antithrombotic agents. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2004 Mar;17(1):3-22.Texto completo  Resumen

17. Geddings JE, Mackman N. Tumor-derived tissue factor-positive microparticles and venous thrombosis in cancer patients. Blood. 2013 Sep 12;122(11):1873-80.Texto completo  Resumen

18. Klok FA, Kruip MJHA, van der Meer NJM, et al. Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19. Thromb Res. 2020 Jul;191:145-7.Texto completo  Resumen

19. Agnelli G, Becattini C. Treatment of DVT: how long is enough and how do you predict recurrence. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2008 Feb;25(1):37-44.Texto completo  Resumen

20. Kearon C, Ageno W, Cannegieter SC, et al. Categorization of patients as having provoked or unprovoked venous thromboembolism: guidance from the SSC of ISTH. J Thromb Haemost. 2016 Jul;14(7):1480-3.Texto completo  Resumen

21. Stevens SM, Woller SC, Baumann Kreuziger L, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: second update of the CHEST guideline and expert panel report. 2021 Dec;160(6):e545-608.Texto completo  Resumen

22. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Venous thromboembolic diseases: diagnosis, management and thrombophilia testing. Aug 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

23. Witt DM, Nieuwlaat R, Clark NP, et al. American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: optimal management of anticoagulation therapy. Blood Adv. 2018 Nov 27;2(22):3257-91.Texto completo  Resumen

24. McIntyre KM, Sasahara AA. The hemodynamic response to pulmonary embolism in patients without prior cardiopulmonary disease. Am J Cardiol. 1971 Sep;28(3):288-94. Resumen

25. Levy MM, Albuquerque F, Pfeifer JD. Low incidence of pulmonary embolism associated with upper-extremity deep venous thrombosis. Ann Vasc Surg. 2012 Oct;26(7):964-72. Resumen

26. Porfidia A, Porceddu E, Feliciani D, et al. Differences in clinical presentation, rate of pulmonary embolism, and risk factors among patients with deep vein thrombosis in unusual sites. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2019 Jan-Dec;25:1076029619872550.Texto completo  Resumen

27. Lutsey PL, Norby FL, Alonso A, et al. Atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism: evidence of bidirectionality in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. J Thromb Haemost. 2018 Apr;16(4):670-9.Texto completo  Resumen

28. Sevitt S. The structure and growth of valve-pocket thrombi in femoral veins. J Clin Pathol. 1974 Jul;27(7):517-28.Texto completo  Resumen

29. Paterson JC, McLachlin J. Precipitating factors in venous thrombosis. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1954 Jan;98(1):96-102. Resumen

30. Goldhaber SZ, Visani L, De Rosa M. Acute pulmonary embolism: clinical outcomes in the International Cooperative Pulmonary Embolism Registry (ICOPER). Lancet. 1999 Apr 24;353(9162):1386-9. Resumen

31. Lee JS, Moon T, Kim TH, et al. Deep Vein Thrombosis in Patients with Pulmonary Embolism: Prevalance, Clinical Significance and Outcome. Vasc Specialist Int. 2016 Dec;32(4):166-174.Texto completo  Resumen

32. White RH, Zhou H, Murin S, et al. Effect of ethnicity and gender on the incidence of venous thromboembolism in a diverse population in California in 1996. Thromb Haemost. 2005 Feb;93(2):298-305.Texto completo  Resumen

33. Heit JA, Silverstein MD, Mohr DN, et al. The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism in the community. Thromb Haemost. 2001 Jul;86(1):452-63. Resumen

34. White RH. The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism. Circulation. 2003 Jun 17;107(23 suppl 1):I4-8.Texto completo  Resumen

35. Cohen AT, Harrington RA, Goldhaber SZ, et al. Extended thromboprophylaxis with betrixaban in acutely ill medical patients. N Engl J Med. 2016 Aug 11;375(6):534-44.Texto completo  Resumen

36. Hull RD, Schellong SM, Tapson VF, et al. Extended-duration venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in acutely ill medical patients with recently reduced mobility: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2010;153:8-18. Resumen

37. Goldhaber SZ, Leizorovicz A, Kakkar AK, et al. Apixaban versus enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis in medically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2011 Dec 8;365(23):2167-77.Texto completo  Resumen

38. Cohen AT, Spiro TE, Büller HR, et al. Rivaroxaban for thromboprophylaxis in acutely ill medical patients. N Engl J Med. 2013 Feb 7;368(6):513-23.Texto completo  Resumen

39. Chopra V, Flanders SA, Saint S, et al. The Michigan appropriateness guide for intravenous catheters (MAGIC): results from a multispecialty panel using the RAND/UCLA appropriateness method. Ann Intern Med. 2015 Sep 15;163(6 suppl):S1-40.Texto completo  Resumen

40. Horlander KT, Mannino DM, Leeper KV. Pulmonary embolism mortality in the United States, 1979-1998: an analysis using multiple-cause mortality data. Arch Intern Med. 2003 Jul 28;163(14):1711-7.Texto completo  Resumen

41. Blom JW, Doggen CJ, Osanto S, et al. Malignancies, prothrombotic mutations, and the risk of venous thrombosis. JAMA. 2005 Feb 9;293(6):715-22.Texto completo  Resumen

42. Zwicker JI, Furie BC, Furie B. Cancer-associated thrombosis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2007 May;62(2):126-36.Texto completo  Resumen

43. Key NS, Khorana AA, Kuderer NM, et al. Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment in patients with cancer: ASCO guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2023 Jun 1;41(16):3063-71.Texto completo  Resumen

44. Kearon C, Kahn SR, Agnelli G, et al; American College of Chest Physicians. Antithrombotic therapy for venous thromboembolic disease: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (8th edition). Chest. 2008 Jun;133(6 suppl):454S-545S. Resumen

45. Ekeh AP, Dominguez KM, Markert RJ, et al. Incidence and risk factors for deep venous thrombosis after moderate and severe brain injury. J Trauma. 2010 Apr;68(4):912-5.Texto completo  Resumen

46. Paffrath T, Wafaisade A, Lefering R, et al. Venous thromboembolism after severe trauma: incidence, risk factors and outcome. Injury. 2010 Jan;41(1):97-101.Texto completo  Resumen

47. White RH, Zhou H, Romano PS. Incidence of symptomatic venous thromboembolism after different elective or urgent surgical procedures. Thromb Haemost. 2003 Sep;90(3):446-55.Texto completo  Resumen

48. Gregson J, Kaptoge S, Bolton T, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors associated with venous thromboembolism. JAMA Cardiol. 2019 Feb 1;4(2):163-73.Texto completo  Resumen

49. Stein PD, Huang HI, Afzal A, et al. Incidence of acute pulmonary embolism in a general hospital: relation to age, sex, and race. Chest. 1999 Oct;116(4):909-13. Resumen

50. Martínez-Zamora MÁ, Cervera R, Balasch J. Thromboembolism risk following recurrent miscarriage. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2013 Nov;11(11):1503-13. Resumen

51. Heit JA, Kobbervig CE, James AH, et al. Trends in the incidence of venous thromboembolism during pregnancy or postpartum: a 30-year population-based study. Ann Intern Med. 2005 Nov 15;143(10):697-706. Resumen

52. Pomp ER, Lenselink AM, Rosendaal FR, et al. Pregnancy, the postpartum period and prothrombotic defects: risk of venous thrombosis in the MEGA study. J Thromb Haemost. 2008 Apr;6(4):632-7.Texto completo  Resumen

53. Watson HG, Baglin TP. Guidelines on travel-related venous thrombosis. Br J Haematol. 2011 Jan;152(1):31-4. Resumen

54. Wu O, Robertson L, Langhorne P, et al. Oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, thrombophilias and risk of venous thromboembolism: a systematic review. The Thrombosis: Risk and Economic Assessment of Thrombophilia Screening (TREATS) Study. Thromb Haemost. 2005 Jul;94(1):17-25.Texto completo  Resumen

55. Hirmerova J, Seidlerova J, Subrt I. The association of factor V Leiden with various clinical patterns of venous thromboembolism-the factor V Leiden paradox. QJM. 2014 Sep;107(9):715-20.Texto completo  Resumen

56. Wiener RS, Ouellette DR, Diamond E, et al. An official American Thoracic Society/American College of Chest Physicians policy statement: the Choosing Wisely top five list in adult pulmonary medicine. Chest. 2014 Jun;145(6):1383-91.Texto completo  Resumen

57. Middeldorp S, Nieuwlaat R, Baumann Kreuziger L, et al. American Society of Hematology 2023 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: thrombophilia testing. Blood Adv. 2023 May 17:bloodadvances.2023010177 [Epub ahead of print].Texto completo  Resumen

58. Croles FN, Nasserinejad K, Duvekot JJ, et al. Pregnancy, thrombophilia, and the risk of a first venous thrombosis: systematic review and bayesian meta-analysis. BMJ. 2017 Oct 26;359:j4452.Texto completo  Resumen

59. Garcia D, Erkan D. Diagnosis and management of the antiphospholipid syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2018 May 24;378(21):2010-21. Resumen

60. Ortel TL. Thrombosis and the antiphospholipid syndrome. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2005;:462-8.Texto completo  Resumen

61. Gavish I, Brenner B. Air travel and the risk of thromboembolism. Intern Emerg Med. 2011 Apr;6(2):113-6. Resumen

62. Brouwer JL, Bijl M, Veeger NJ, et al. The contribution of inherited and acquired thrombophilic defects, alone or combined with antiphospholipid antibodies, to venous and arterial thromboembolism in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Blood. 2004 Jul 1;104(1):143-8.Texto completo  Resumen

63. Barba R, Gonzalvez-Gasch A, Joya Seijo D, et al. Venous thromboembolism in patients with liver diseases. J Thromb Haemost. 2018 Oct;16(10):2003-7.Texto completo  Resumen

64. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Venous thromboembolism in adult hospitalizations - United States, 2007-2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012 Jun 8;61(22):401-4.Texto completo  Resumen

65. Ho KM, Bham E, Pavey W. Incidence of venous thromboembolism and benefits and risks of thromboprophylaxis after cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Heart Assoc. 2015 Oct 26;4(10):e002652.Texto completo  Resumen

66. Cook D, Attia J, Weaver B, et al. Venous thromboembolic disease: an observational study in medical-surgical intensive care unit patients. J Crit Care. 2000 Dec;15(4):127-32.Texto completo  Resumen

67. Mohammed K, Abu Dabrh AM, Benkhadra K, et al. Oral vs transdermal estrogen therapy and vascular events: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Nov;100(11):4012-20.Texto completo  Resumen

68. Canonico M, Plu-Bureau G, Lowe GD, et al. Hormone replacement therapy and risk of venous thromboembolism in postmenopausal women: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2008 May 31;336(7655):1227-31.Texto completo  Resumen

69. Angelini D, Khorana AA. Risk assessment scores for cancer-associated venous thromboembolic disease. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2017 Jul;43(5):469-78.Texto completo  Resumen

70. Korswagen LA, Bartelds GM, Krieckaert CL, et al. Venous and arterial thromboembolic events in adalimumab-treated patients with antiadalimumab antibodies: a case series and cohort study. Arthritis Rheum. 2011 Apr;63(4):877-83.Texto completo  Resumen

71. Guo Z, Huang Y, Gong L, et al. Association of androgen deprivation therapy with thromboembolic events in patients with prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2018 Nov;21(4):451-60.Texto completo  Resumen

72. Walker RF, Zakai NA, MacLehose RF, et al. Association of testosterone therapy with risk of venous thromboembolism among men with and without hypogonadism. JAMA Intern Med. 2020 Feb 1;180(2):190-7.Texto completo  Resumen

73. Schmidt M, Christiansen CF, Horváth-Puhó E, et al. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and risk of venous thromboembolism. J Thromb Haemost. 2011 Jul;9(7):1326-33.Texto completo  Resumen

74. Ungprasert P, Srivali N, Wijarnpreecha K, et al. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of venous thromboembolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2015 Apr;54(4):736-42.Texto completo  Resumen

75. Turpie AG, Chin BS, Lip GY. ABC of antithrombotic therapy: Venous thromboembolism: treatment strategies. BMJ. 2002 Oct 26;325(7370):948-50.Texto completo  Resumen

76. Kahn SR, Lim W, Dunn AS, et al. Prevention of VTE in nonsurgical patients. Antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2012 Feb;141(2 Suppl):e195S-226S.Texto completo  Resumen

77. Sindet-Pedersen C, Bruun Oestergaard L, Gundlund A, et al. Familial clustering of venous thromboembolism - a Danish nationwide cohort study. PLoS One. 2016 Dec 29;11(12):e0169055.Texto completo  Resumen

78. Murray J, Precious E, Alikhan R. Catheter-related thrombosis in cancer patients. Br J Haematol. 2013 Sep;162(6):748-57.Texto completo  Resumen

79. Debourdeau P, Espié M, Chevret S, et al. Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of central venous catheter-related thromboembolism in breast cancer patients: the CAVECCAS study. Cancer Med. 2017 Nov;6(11):2732-2744.Texto completo  Resumen

80. White D, Woller SC, Stevens SM, et al. Comparative thrombosis risk of vascular access devices among critically ill medical patients. Thromb Res. 2018 Dec;172:54-60.Texto completo  Resumen

81. Gould MK, Garcia DA, Wren SM, et al. Prevention of VTE in nonorthopedic surgical patients: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest. 2012 Feb;141(2 suppl):e227S-e277S.Texto completo  Resumen

82. Stuck AK, Spirk D, Schaudt J, et al. Risk assessment models for venous thromboembolism in acutely ill medical patients. A systematic review. Thromb Haemost. 2017 Apr 3;117(4):801-8.Texto completo  Resumen

83. Falck-Ytter Y, Francis CW, Johanson NA, et al. Prevention of VTE in orthopedic surgery patients: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest. 2012 Feb;141(2 suppl):e278S-e325S.Texto completo  Resumen

84. Carrier M, Abou-Nassar K, Mallick R, et al. Apixaban to prevent venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. N Engl J Med. 2019 Feb 21;380(8):711-9.Texto completo  Resumen

85. Bajaj NS, Vaduganathan M, Qamar A, et al. Extended prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism after hospitalization for medical illness: A trial sequential and cumulative meta-analysis. PLoS Med. 2019 Apr;16(4):e1002797.Texto completo  Resumen

86. Bĕlohlávek J, Dytrych V, Linhart A. Pulmonary embolism, part I: Epidemiology, risk factors and risk stratification, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and nonthrombotic pulmonary embolism. Exp Clin Cardiol. 2013 Spring;18(2):129-38. Resumen

87. Raja AS, Greenberg JO, Qaseem A, et al. Evaluation of patients with suspected acute pulmonary embolism: best practice advice from the Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2015 Nov 3;163(9):701-11.Texto completo  Resumen

88. Pollack CV, Schreiber D, Goldhaber SZ, et al. Clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of patients diagnosed with acute pulmonary embolism in the emergency department: initial report of EMPEROR (Multicenter Emergency Medicine Pulmonary Embolism in the Real World Registry). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011 Feb 8;57(6):700-6.Texto completo  Resumen

89. Bajaj N, Bozarth AL, Guillot J, et al. Clinical features in patients with pulmonary embolism at a community hospital: analysis of 4 years of data. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2014 Apr;37(3):287-92. Resumen

90. Stein PD, Willis PW 3rd, DeMets DL. History and physical examination in acute pulmonary embolism in patients without preexisting cardiac or pulmonary disease. Am J Cardiol. 1981 Feb;47(2):218-23. Resumen

91. Courtney DM, Kline JA, Kabrhel C, et al. Clinical features from the history and physical examination that predict the presence or absence of pulmonary embolism in symptomatic emergency department patients: results of a prospective, multicenter study. Ann Emerg Med. 2010 Apr;55(4):307-15.e1.Texto completo  Resumen

92. Bajaj R, Ramanakumar A, Mamidala S, et al. Successful treatment of mobile right atrial thrombus and acute pulmonary embolism with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator. BMJ Case Rep. 2013 Jul 25;2013:bcr2013010255. Resumen

93. Matthews JC, McLaughlin V. Acute right ventricular failure in the setting of acute pulmonary embolism or chronic pulmonary hypertension: a detailed review of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. Curr Cardiol Rev. 2008 Feb;4(1):49-59.Texto completo  Resumen

94. Laporte S, Mismetti P, Décousus H, et al; RIETE Investigators. Clinical predictors for fatal pulmonary embolism in 15,520 patients with venous thromboembolism: findings from the Registro Informatizado de la Enfermedad TromboEmbolica venosa (RIETE) Registry. Circulation. 2008 Apr 1;117(13):1711-6.Texto completo  Resumen

95. Konstantinides SV, Barco S, Lankeit M, et al. Management of pulmonary embolism: an update. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016 Mar 1;67(8):976-90.Texto completo  Resumen

96. British Thoracic Society Standards of Care Committee Pulmonary Embolism Guideline Development Group. British Thoracic Society guidelines for the management of suspected acute pulmonary embolism. Thorax. 2003 Jun;58(6):470-83.Texto completo  Resumen

97. Lucassen W, Geersing GJ, Erkens PM, et al. Clinical decision rules for excluding pulmonary embolism: a meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2011 Oct 4;155(7):448-60.Texto completo  Resumen

98. Wells PS, Anderson DR, Rodger M, et al. Derivation of a simple clinical model to categorize patients' probability of pulmonary embolism: increasing the model's utility with the SimpliRED D-dimer. Thromb Haemost. 2000 Mar;83(3):416-20. Resumen

99. Le Gal G, Righini M, Roy PM, et al. Prediction of pulmonary embolism in the emergency department: the revised Geneva score. Ann Intern Med. 2006 Feb 7;144(3):165-71. Resumen

100. van Es N, Kraaijpoel N, Klok FA, et al. The original and simplified Wells rules and age-adjusted D-dimer testing to rule out pulmonary embolism: an individual patient data meta-analysis. J Thromb Haemost. 2017 Apr;15(4):678-84.Texto completo  Resumen

101. Hendriksen JM, Geersing GJ, Lucassen WA, et al. Diagnostic prediction models for suspected pulmonary embolism: systematic review and independent external validation in primary care. BMJ. 2015 Sep 8;351:h4438.Texto completo  Resumen

102. Klok FA, Kruisman E, Spaan J, et al. Comparison of the revised Geneva score with the Wells rule for assessing clinical probability of pulmonary embolism. J Thromb Haemost. 2008 Jan;6(1):40-4.Texto completo  Resumen

103. Ceriani E, Combescure C, Le Gal G, et al. Clinical prediction rules for pulmonary embolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thromb Haemost. 2010 May;8(5):957-70.Texto completo  Resumen

104. Singh B, Mommer SK, Erwin PJ, et al. Pulmonary embolism rule-out criteria (PERC) in pulmonary embolism - revisited: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Emerg Med J. 2013 Sep;30(9):701-6.Texto completo  Resumen

105. Carrier M, Righini M, Djurabi RK, et al. VIDAS D-dimer in combination with clinical pre-test probability to rule out pulmonary embolism: a systematic review of management outcome studies. Thromb Haemost. 2009 May;101(5):886-92. Resumen

106. Agnelli G, Becattini C. Acute pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med. 2010 Jul 15;363(3):266-74. Resumen

107. Kearon C, de Wit K, Parpia S, et al. Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism with d-Dimer adjusted to clinical probability. N Engl J Med. 2019 Nov 28;381(22):2125-34.Texto completo  Resumen

108. Righini M, Van Es J, Den Exter PL, et al. Age-adjusted D-dimer cutoff levels to rule out pulmonary embolism: the ADJUST-PE study. JAMA. 2014 Mar 19;311(11):1117-24.Texto completo  Resumen

109. Wilts IT, Le Gal G, Den Exter PL, et al. Performance of the age-adjusted cut-off for D-dimer in patients with cancer and suspected pulmonary embolism. Thromb Res. 2017 Apr;152:49-51. Resumen

110. van der Pol LM, Tromeur C, Bistervels IM, et al. Pregnancy-adapted YEARS algorithm for diagnosis of suspected pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med. 2019 Mar 21;380(12):1139-49.Texto completo  Resumen

111. Perrier A, Roy PM, Sanchez O, et al. Multidetector-row computed tomography in suspected pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med. 2005 Apr 28;352(17):1760-8.Texto completo  Resumen

112. Phillips JJ, Straiton J, Staff RT. Planar and SPECT ventilation/perfusion imaging and computed tomography for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature, and cost and dose comparison. Eur J Radiol. 2015 Jul;84(7):1392-400. Resumen

113. Carrier M, Righini M, Wells PS, et al. Subsegmental pulmonary embolism diagnosed by computed tomography: incidence and clinical implications. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the management outcome studies. J Thromb Haemost. 2010 Aug;8(8):1716-22.Texto completo  Resumen

114. Adams DM, Stevens SM, Woller SC, et al. Adherence to PIOPED II investigators' recommendations for computed tomography pulmonary angiography. Am J Med. 2013 Jan;126(1):36-42.Texto completo  Resumen

115. American College of Radiology. ACR Appropriateness Criteria®: suspected pulmonary embolism. 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

116. Clemens S. Newer modalities for detection of pulmonary emboli. Am J Med. 2007 Oct;120(10 suppl 2):S2-12. Resumen

117. Barrios D, Rosa-Salazar V, Morillo R, et al. Prognostic Significance of Right Heart Thrombi in Patients With Acute Symptomatic Pulmonary Embolism: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Chest. 2017 Feb;151(2):409-416.Texto completo  Resumen

118. Kearon C. Diagnosis of suspected venous thromboembolism. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2016 Dec 2;2016(1):397-403.Texto completo  Resumen

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