Pruebas de función tiroidea

Ross DS, Burch HB, Cooper DS, et al. 2016 American Thyroid Association guidelines for diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis. Thyroid. 2016 Oct;26(10):1343-1421.Texto completo  Resumen

Garber JR, Cobin RH, Gharib H, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for hypothyroidism in adults co-sponsored by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the American Thyroid Association. Thyroid. 2012 Dec;22(12):1200-35.Texto completo  Resumen

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Thyroid disease: assessment and management. 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

Alexander EK, Pearce EN, Brent GA, et al. 2017 guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and the postpartum. Thyroid. 2017 Mar;27(3):315-89.Texto completo  Resumen

1. Brent GA. Mechanisms of thyroid hormone action. J Clin Invest. 2012 Sep;122(9):3035-43.Texto completo  Resumen

2. Soh SB, Aw TC. Laboratory testing in thyroid conditions - pitfalls and clinical utility. Ann Lab Med. 2019 Jan;39(1):3-14.Texto completo  Resumen

3. Vanderpump MP. The epidemiology of thyroid disease. Br Med Bull. 2011;99:39-51.Texto completo  Resumen

4. Ingoe L, Phipps N, Armstrong G, et al. Prevalence of treated hypothyroidism in the community: Analysis from general practices in North-East England with implications for the United Kingdom. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2017 Dec;87(6):860-4.Texto completo  Resumen

5. Ross DS, Burch HB, Cooper DS, et al. 2016 American Thyroid Association guidelines for diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis. Thyroid. 2016 Oct;26(10):1343-1421.Texto completo  Resumen

6. Ladenson PW, Singer PA, Ain KB, et al. American Thyroid Association guidelines for detection of thyroid dysfunction. Arch Intern Med. 2000 Jun 12;160(11):1573-5. [Erratum in: Arch Intern Med. 2001 Jan 22;161(2):284.] Resumen

7. Baskin HJ, Cobin RH, Duick DS, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists medical guidelines for clinical practice for the evaluation and treatment of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Endocr Pract. 2002 Nov-Dec;8(6):457-69. Resumen

8. LeFevre ML; US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for thyroid dysfunction: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2015 May 5;162(9):641-50.Texto completo  Resumen

9. UK National Screening Committee. The UK NSC policy on thyroid disease screening in adults. Apr 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo

10. BC Ministry of Health. Thyroid function testing in the diagnosis and monitoring of thyroid function disorder. Oct 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo

11. Royal College of Pathologists Australasia. Thyroid function testing for adult diagnosis and monitoring. Jul 2017 [internet publication].Texto completo

12. Association for Clinical Biochemistry; British Thyroid Association; British Thyroid Foundation. UK guidelines for the use of thyroid function tests. Jul 2006 [internet publication].Texto completo

13. Toward Optimized Practice. Investigation and management of primary thyroid dysfunction. 2014 [internet publication].Texto completo

14. Down Syndrome Medical Interest Group. Thyroid disorder in children and young people with down syndrome: ​surveillance and when to initiate treatment. 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo

15. Preziati D, La Rosa L, Covini G, et al. Autoimmunity and thyroid function in patients with chronic active hepatitis treated with recombinant interferon alpha-2a. Eur J Endocrinol. 1995 May;132(5):587-93. Resumen

16. Kappers MH, van Esch JH, Smedts FM, et al. Sunitinib-induced hypothyroidism is due to induction of type 3 deiodinase activity and thyroidal capillary regression. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Oct;96(10):3087-94.Texto completo  Resumen

17. Garber JR, Cobin RH, Gharib H, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for hypothyroidism in adults co-sponsored by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the American Thyroid Association. Thyroid. 2012 Dec;22(12):1200-35.Texto completo  Resumen

18. Fentiman IS, Thomas BS, Balkwill FR, et al. Primary hypothyroidism associated with interferon therapy of breast cancer. Lancet. 1985 May 18;1(8438):1166. Resumen

19. NHS Scotland. Scottish clinical biochemistry network guidance on thyroid testing. Mar 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

20. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Thyroid disease: assessment and management. 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

21. Muller I, Moran C, Lecumberri B, et al. 2019 European Thyroid Association guidelines on the management of thyroid dysfunction following immune reconstitution therapy. Eur Thyroid J. 2019 Jul;8(4):173-85.Texto completo  Resumen

22. Burch HB. Drug effects on the thyroid. N Engl J Med. 2019 Aug 22;381(8):749-61. Resumen

23. El Sabbagh R, Azar NS, Eid AA, et al. Thyroid dysfunctions due to immune checkpoint inhibitors: a review. Int J Gen Med. 2020;13:1003-9.Texto completo  Resumen

24. So M, MacIsaac RJ, Grossmann M. Hypothyroidism: investigation and management. Aust Fam Physician. 2012 Aug;41(8):556-62.Texto completo  Resumen

25. Alexander EK, Pearce EN, Brent GA, et al. 2017 guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and the postpartum. Thyroid. 2017 Mar;27(3):315-89.Texto completo  Resumen

26. Glinoer D, de Nayer P, Bourdoux P, et al. Regulation of maternal thyroid during pregnancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1990 Aug;71(2):276-87. Resumen

27. Negro R, Schwartz A, Gismondi R, et al. Universal screening versus case finding for detection and treatment of thyroid hormonal dysfunction during pregnancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Apr;95(4):1699-707. Resumen

28. Thyroid disease in pregnancy: ACOG practice bulletin, number 223. Obstet Gynecol. 2020 Jun;135(6):e261-74.Texto completo  Resumen

29. van Trotsenburg P, Stoupa A, Léger J, et al. Congenital hypothyroidism: a 2020-2021 consensus guidelines update-an ENDO-European reference network initiative endorsed by the European Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and the European Society for Endocrinology. Thyroid. 2021 Mar;31(3):387-419.Texto completo  Resumen

30. Wardle CA, Fraser WD, Squire CR. Pitfalls in the use of thyrotropin concentration as a first-line thyroid-function test. Lancet. 2001 Mar 31;357(9261):1013-4. Resumen

31. Ross DS. Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone measurement for assessment of thyroid function and disease. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2001 Jun;30(2):245-64. Resumen

32. Toward Optimized Practice [Alberta]. Investigation and management of primary thyroid dysfunction. Apr 2014 [internet publication].Texto completo

33. Schneider C, Feller M, Bauer DC, et al. Initial evaluation of thyroid dysfunction - Are simultaneous TSH and fT4 tests necessary? PLoS One. 2018;13(4):e0196631.Texto completo  Resumen

34. Koulouri O, Moran C, Halsall D, et al. Pitfalls in the measurement and interpretation of thyroid function tests. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Dec;27(6):745-62.Texto completo  Resumen

35. Ehrenkranz J, Bach PR, Snow GL, et al. Circadian and circannual rhythms in thyroid hormones: determining the TSH and free T4 reference intervals based upon time of day, age, and sex. Thyroid. 2015 Aug;25(8):954-61.Texto completo  Resumen

36. Spencer CA, LoPresti JS, Patel A, et al. Applications of a new chemiluminometric thyrotropin assay to subnormal measurement. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1990 Feb;70(2):453-60. Resumen

37. Van Uytfanghe K, Ehrenkranz J, Halsall D, et al. Thyroid stimulating hormone and thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine and thyroxine): an American Thyroid Association-Commissioned review of current clinical and laboratory status. Thyroid. 2023 Sep;33(9):1013-28.Texto completo  Resumen

38. Azizi F, Vagenakis AG, Portnay GI, et al. Thyroxine transport and metabolism in methadone and heroin addicts. Ann Intern Med. 1974 Feb;80(2):194-9. Resumen

39. Refetoff S. Inherited thyroxine-binding globulin abnormalities in man. Endocr Rev. 1989 Aug;10(3):275-93. Resumen

40. Shakir KM, Kroll S, Aprill BS, et al. Nicotinic acid decreases serum thyroid hormone levels while maintaining a euthyroid state. Mayo Clin Proc. 1995 Jun;70(6):556-8. Resumen

41. Graham RL, Gambrell RD Jr. Changes in thyroid function tests during danazol therapy. Obstet Gynecol. 1980 Mar;55(3):395-7. Resumen

42. Polyzos SA, Anastasilakis AD, Polyzos SA, et al. Alterations in serum thyroid-related constituents after thyroid fine-needle biopsy: a systematic review. Thyroid. 2010 Mar;20(3):265-71. Resumen

43. Wells SA Jr, Asa SL, Dralle H, et al. Revised American Thyroid Association guidelines for the management of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid. 2015 Jun;25(6):567-610.Texto completo  Resumen

44. Haugen BR, Alexander EK, Bible KC, et al. 2015 American Thyroid Association management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer: The American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid. 2016 Jan;26(1):1-133.Texto completo  Resumen

45. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Thyroid cancer: assessment and management. 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

46. Campbell K, Doogue M. Evaluating and managing patients with thyrotoxicosis. Aust Fam Physician. 2012 Aug;41(8):564-72.Texto completo  Resumen

47. Lania A, Persani L, Beck-Peccoz P. Central hypothyroidism. Pituitary. 2008;11(2):181-6. Resumen

48. Brent GA, Hershman JM. Thyroxine therapy in patients with severe nonthyroidal illnesses and low serum thyroxine concentration. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1986 Jul;63(1):1-8. Resumen

49. Klemperer JD, Klein J, Gomez M, et al. Thyroid hormone treatment after coronary-artery bypass surgery. N Engl J Med. 1995 Dec 7;333(23):1522-7.Texto completo  Resumen

50. Brabant G, Brabant A, Ranft U, et al. Circadian and pulsatile thyrotropin secretion in euthyroid man under the influence of thyroid hormone and glucocorticoid administration. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1987 Jul;65(1):83-8. Resumen

51. Cooper DS, Klibanski A, Ridgway EC. Dopaminergic modulation of TSH and its subunits: in vivo and in vitro studies. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1983 Mar;18(3):265-75. Resumen

52. Uy HL, Reasner CA, Samuels MH. Pattern of recovery of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis following radioactive iodine therapy in patients with Graves' disease. Am J Med. 1995 Aug;99(2):173-9. Resumen

53. Surks MI, Boucai L. Age- and race-based serum thyrotropin reference limits. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Feb;95(2):496-502.Texto completo  Resumen

54. John R, Henley B, Shankland D. Concentrations of free thyroxin and free triiodothyronine in serum of patients with thyroxin- and triiodothyronine-binding autoantibodies. Clin Chem. 1990 Mar;36(3):470-3.Texto completo  Resumen

55. Brucker-Davis F, Oldfield EH, Skarulis MC, et al. Thyrotropin-secreting pituitary tumors: diagnostic criteria, thyroid hormone sensitivity, and treatment outcome in 25 patients followed at the National Institutes of Health. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 Feb;84(2):476-86.Texto completo  Resumen

56. Refetoff S. Resistance to thyroid hormone: an historical overview. Thyroid. 1994 Fall;4(3):345-9. Resumen

57. Refetoff S, Weiss RE, Usala SJ. The syndromes of resistance to thyroid hormone. Endocr Rev. 1993 Jun;14(3):348-99. Resumen

58. Sarne DH, Refetoff S, Rosenfield RL, et al. Sex hormone-binding globulin in the diagnosis of peripheral tissue resistance to thyroid hormone: the value of changes after short term triiodothyronine administration. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1988 Apr;66(4):740-6. Resumen

59. Surks MI, Ortiz E, Daniels GH, et al. Subclinical thyroid disease: scientific review and guidelines for diagnosis and management. JAMA. 2004 Jan 14;291(2):228-38.Texto completo  Resumen

60. Chopra IJ, Solomon DH, Huang TS. Serum thyrotropin in hospitalized psychiatric patients: evidence for hyperthyrotropinemia as measured by an ultrasensitive thyrotropin assay. Metabolism. 1990 May;39(5):538-43. Resumen

61. Wilson GR, Curry RW Jr. Subclinical thyroid disease. Am Fam Physician. 2005 Oct 15;72(8):1517-24. Resumen

62. Huber G, Staub JJ, Meier C, et al. Prospective study of the spontaneous course of subclinical hypothyroidism: prognostic value of thyrotropin, thyroid reserve, and thyroid antibodies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Jul;87(7):3221-6.Texto completo  Resumen