Evaluación de la pancitopenia

Última revisión: 21 Sep 2025
Última actualización: 23 Jul 2025

Resumen

Diferenciales

Común

  • Quimioterapia
  • Radioterapia
  • Deficiencia de vitamina B12
  • Deficiencia de ácido fólico
  • Infiltración de médula ósea por neoplasia maligna no hematológica
  • Linfoma no Hodgkin
  • Tricoleucemia
  • Leucemia linfocítica crónica
  • Mielodisplasia
  • Cirrosis
  • Hepatitis B
  • Hepatitis C
  • Hepatitis autoinmune
  • VIH
  • Infección por citomegalovirus
  • Infección por micobacterias
Todos los datos

Infrecuente

  • Leucemia mieloide aguda
  • Leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA)
  • Mieloma múltiple
  • Mielofibrosis
  • Enfermedades de depósito lisosomal
  • Anorexia nerviosa
  • Enfermedad de injerto contra huésped (EICH)
  • Intoxicación con metales pesados (arsénico)
  • Infección por parvovirus en anemia falciforme (y otras anemias hemolíticas)
  • Disqueratosis congénita (DC)
  • Hemoglobinuria paroxística nocturna (HPN)
  • Anemia aplásica idiopática
  • Anemia de Fanconi
  • Otras citopenias hereditarias poco frecuentes (p. ej., la anemia de Diamond-Blackfan, el síndrome de Shwachman-Diamond, la trombocitopenia amegacariocítica)
  • Hipertensión portal idiopática
  • Leucemia mieloide crónica
  • Brucelosis
  • Leishmaniasis
  • Síndromes hemofagocíticos
  • Pancitopenia inmune inducida por fármacos
  • Síndrome de Evans con neutropenia asociada
  • Síndrome linfoproliferativo autoinmunitario (SLPA)
  • Lupus eritematoso sistémico
  • artritis reumatoide
  • Mononucleosis infecciosa
  • Síndrome de Felty
Todos los datos

Colaboradores

Autores

Jeffrey M. Lipton, MD, PhD

Frances and Thomas Gambino Professor of Pediatrics in Hematology/Oncology

Professor of Pediatrics and Molecular Medicine

Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell

Professor, The Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases

Feinstein Institute for Medical Research

Director, Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation

Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York

Hyde Park

New York

Disclosures

JML has been reimbursed by Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A as a consultant.

Acknowledgements

Dr Jeffrey M. Lipton would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Jeff K. Davies and Dr Eva C. Guinan, the previous contributors to this topic.

Disclosures

JKD and ECG declare that they have no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Stella Davies, MD, PhD

Professor and Division Director

Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center

Cincinnati

OH

Disclosures

SD declares that she has no competing interests.

Drew Provan, BSc, MBChB

Consultant Hematologist

Department of Hematology

The Royal London Hospital

London

UK

Disclosures

DP was medical director at GlaxoSmithKline 2005-2006.

Alfred P. Gillio, MD

Director

Bone Marrow Failure Clinic

Tomorrows Children's Institute

Hackensack University Medical Center

Hackensack

NJ

Disclosures

APG declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Kulasekararaj A, Cavenagh J, Dokal I, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of adult aplastic anaemia: a British Society for Haematology guideline. Br J Haematol. 2024 Mar;204(3):784-804.Full text  Abstract

Young NS. Aplastic anemia. N Engl J Med. 2018 Oct 25;379(17):1643-56.Full text  Abstract

Williams DA, Bennett C, Bertuch A, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of pediatric acquired aplastic anemia (AAA): an initial survey of the North American Pediatric Aplastic Anemia Consortium (NAPAAC). Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2014 May;61(5):869-74.Full text  Abstract

Khoury JD, Solary E, Abla O, et al. The 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours: myeloid and histiocytic/dendritic neoplasms. Leukemia. 2022 Jul;36(7):1703-19.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Evaluación de la pancitopenia images
  • Guidelines

    • Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of adult aplastic anaemia
    • The 5th edition of the World Health Organization classification of haematolymphoid tumours: myeloid and histiocytic/dendritic neoplasms
    More Guidelines
  • Patient information

    Leucemia (linfocítica aguda)

    More Patient information
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