Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy

Goodwin TM. Hyperemesis gravidarum. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1998 Sep;41(3):597-605. Abstract

American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology. ACOG practice bulletin no. 189: nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Jan;131(1):e15-30. Abstract

Matthews A, Haas DM, O'Mathúna DP, et al. Interventions for nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(9):CD007575.Full text  Abstract

Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG). Green-top guideline No. 69: management of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and hyperemesis gravidarum. Jun 2016 [internet publication].Full text

1. Goodwin TM. Hyperemesis gravidarum. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1998 Sep;41(3):597-605. Abstract

2. American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology. ACOG practice bulletin no. 189: nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Jan;131(1):e15-30. Abstract

3. Body C, Christie JA. Gastrointestinal diseases in pregnancy: nausea, vomiting, hyperemesis gravidarum, gastroesophageal reflux disease, constipation, and diarrhea. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2016 Jun;45(2):267-83. Abstract

4. Dekkers GWF, Broeren MAC, Truijens SEM, et al. Hormonal and psychological factors in nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. Psychol Med. 2020 Jan;50(2):229-36. Abstract

5. Bernstein L, Pike MC, Lobo RA, et al. Cigarette smoking in pregnancy results in marked decrease in maternal hCG and oestradiol levels. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1989 Jan;96(1):92-6. Abstract

6. Depue RH, Bernstein L, Ross RK, et al. Hyperemesis gravidarum in relation to estradiol levels, pregnancy outcome, and other maternal factors: a seroepidemiologic study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1987 May;156(5):1137-41. Abstract

7. Goldberg D, Szilagyi A, Graves L. Hyperemesis gravidarum and Helicobacter pylori infection: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Sep;110(3):695-703. Abstract

8. Walsh JW, Hasler WL, Nugent CE, et al. Progesterone and estrogen are potential mediators of gastric slow-wave dysrhythmias in nausea of pregnancy. Am J Physiol. 1996 Mar;270(3 Pt 1):G506-14. Abstract

9. Fejzo MS, Ingles SA, Wilson M, et al. High prevalence of severe nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and hyperemesis gravidarum among relatives of affected individuals. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2008 Nov;141(1):13-7. Abstract

10. Lee NM, Saha S. Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2011 Jun;40(2):309-34, vii.Full text  Abstract

11. Schiff MA, Reed SD, Daling JR. The sex ratio of pregnancies complicated by hospitalisation for hyperemesis gravidarum. BJOG. 2004 Jan;111(1):27-30. Abstract

12. Liu C, Zhao G, Qiao D, et al. Emerging progress in nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and hyperemesis gravidarum: challenges and opportunities. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:809270.Full text  Abstract

13. Jennings LK, Mahdy, H. Hyperemesis gravidarum. Sept 2022 [internet publication].Full text

14. Ko H, Yoshida EM. Acute fatty liver of pregnancy. Can J Gastroenterol. 2006 Jan;20(1):25-30. Abstract

15. Matthews A, Haas DM, O'Mathúna DP, et al. Interventions for nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(9):CD007575.Full text  Abstract

16. McParlin C, O'Donnell A, Robson SC, et al. Treatments for hyperemesis gravidarum and nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: a systematic review. JAMA. 2016 Oct 4;316(13):1392-401. Abstract

17. Ding M, Leach M, Bradley H. The effectiveness and safety of ginger for pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting: a systematic review. Women Birth. 2013 Mar;26(1):e26-30. Abstract

18. Thomson M, Corbin R, Leung L. Effects of ginger for nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy: a meta-analysis. J Am Board Fam Med. 2014 Jan-Feb;27(1):115-22.Full text  Abstract

19. Koren G, Clark S, Hankins GD, et al. Effectiveness of delayed-release doxylamine and pyridoxine for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: a randomized placebo controlled trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010 Dec;203(6):571.e1-7. Abstract

20. Persaud N, Meaney C, El-Emam K, et al. Doxylamine-pyridoxine for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy randomized placebo controlled trial: prespecified analyses and reanalysis. PLoS One. 2018 Jan 17;13(1):e0189978.Full text  Abstract

21. Leathem A. Safety and efficacy of antiemetics used to treat nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Clin Pharm. 1986 Aug;5(8):660-8. Abstract

22. Gill SK, O'Brien L, Koren G. The safety of histamine 2 (H2) blockers in pregnancy: a meta-analysis. Dig Dis Sci. 2009 Sep;54(9):1835-8. Abstract

23. Herrell HE. Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Am Fam Physician. 2014 Jun 15;89(12):965-70.Full text  Abstract

24. Tan PC, Norazilah MJ, Omar SZ. Dextrose saline compared with normal saline rehydration of hyperemesis gravidarum: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Feb;121(2 Pt 1):291-8.Full text  Abstract

25. Kashifard M, Basirat Z, Kashifard M, et al. Ondansetrone or metoclopromide? Which is more effective in severe nausea and vomiting of pregnancy? A randomized trial double-blind study. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2013;40(1):127-30. Abstract

26. Slattery J, Quinten C, Candore G, et al. Ondansetron use in nausea and vomiting during pregnancy: a descriptive analysis of prescription patterns and patient characteristics in UK general practice. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2022 Oct;88(10):4526-39.Full text  Abstract

27. Huybrechts KF, Hernández-Díaz S, Straub L, et al. Association of maternal first-trimester ondansetron use with cardiac malformations and oral clefts in offspring. JAMA. 2018 Dec 18;320(23):2429-37.Full text  Abstract

28. European Medicines Agency. PRAC recommendations on signals: adopted at the 8-11 July 2019 PRAC meeting. Aug 2019 [internet publication].Full text

29. UK Teratology Information Service. Ondansetron: official response statement to PRAC recommendations. Sep 2019 [internet publication].Full text

30. Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. Drug safety update. Ondansetron: small increased risk of oral clefts following use in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. Jan 2020 [internet publication].Full text

31. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG). Green-top guideline No. 69: management of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and hyperemesis gravidarum. Jun 2016 [internet publication].Full text

32. Einarson A, Maltepe C, Boskovic R, et al. Treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: an updated algorithm. Can Fam Physician. 2007 Dec;53(12):2109-11.Full text  Abstract

33. Pasternak B, Hviid A. Use of proton-pump inhibitors in early pregnancy and the risk of birth defects. N Engl J Med. 2010 Nov 25;363(22):2114-23. Abstract

34. Lai T, Wu M, Liu J, et al. Acid-suppressive drug use during pregnancy and the risk of childhood asthma: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2018 Feb;141(2):e20170889. Abstract

35. Park-Wyllie L, Mazzotta P, Pastuszak A, et al. Birth defects after maternal exposure to corticosteroids: prospective cohort study and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Teratology. 2000 Dec;62(6):385-92. Abstract

36. Safari HR, Fassett MJ, Souter IC, et al. The efficacy of methylprednisolone in the treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1998 Oct;179(4):921-4. Abstract

37. Hsu JJ, Clark-Glena R, Nelson DK, et al. Nasogastric enteral feeding in the management of hyperemesis gravidarum. Obstet Gynecol. 1996 Sep;88(3):343-6. Abstract

38. European Medicines Agency. European Medicines Agency recommends changes to the use of metoclopramide. Jul 2013 [internet publication].Full text

39. Campbell K, Rowe H, Azzam H, et al. The management of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2016 Dec;38(12):1127-37. Abstract

40. Brandes JM. First-trimester nausea and vomiting as related to outcome of pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 1967 Sep;30(3):427-31. Abstract

41. Jarnfelt-Samsioe A, Samsioe G, Velinder GM. Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy - a contribution to its epidemiology. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 1983;16(4):221-9. Abstract

42. Weigel MM, Weigel RM. Nausea and vomiting of early pregnancy and pregnancy outcome. An epidemiologic study. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1989 Nov;96(11):1304-11. Abstract

43. Zhang J, Cai WW. Severe vomiting during pregnancy: antenatal correlates and fetal outcomes. Epidemiology. 1991 Nov;2(6):454-7. Abstract

44. Wood P, Murray A, Sinha B, et al. Wernicke's encephalopathy induced by hyperemesis gravidarum. Case reports. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1983 Jun;90(6):583-6. Abstract

45. Gross S, Librach C, Cecutti A. Maternal weight loss associated with hyperemesis gravidarum: a predictor of fetal outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1989 Apr;160(4):906-9. Abstract

46. Bailit JL. Hyperemesis gravidarum: epidemiologic findings from a large cohort. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Sep;193(3 Pt 1):811-4. Abstract

47. Wegrzyniak LJ, Repke JT, Ural SH. Treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum. Rev Obstet Gynecol. 2012;5(2):78-84.Full text  Abstract

48. Nguyen N, Deitel M, Lacy E. Splenic avulsion in a pregnant patient with vomiting. Can J Surg. 1995 Oct;38(5):464-5. Abstract

49. Eroglu A, Kurkcuoglu C, Karaoglanoglu N, et al. Spontaneous esophageal rupture following severe vomiting in pregnancy. Dis Esophagus. 2002;15(3):242-3. Abstract

50. Liang SG, Ooka F, Santo A, et al. Pneumomediastinum following esophageal rupture associated with hyperemesis gravidarum. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2002 Jun;28(3):172-5. Abstract

51. Oudman E, Wijnia JW, Oey M, et al. Wernicke's encephalopathy in hyperemesis gravidarum: a systematic review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2019 May;236:84-93. Abstract