Seasonal affective disorder

Galima SV, Vogel SR, Kowalski AW. Seasonal affective disorder: common questions and answers. Am Fam Physician. 2020 Dec 1;102(11):668-72.Full text  Abstract

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed., text revision, (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2022.

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Depression in adults: treatment and management. Jun 2022 [internet publication].Full text

Lam RW, Kennedy SH, Parikh SV, et al. Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2016 clinical guidelines for the management of adults with major depressive disorder. Can J Psychiatry. 2016 Sep;61(9):506-9. Abstract

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4. Michalak EE, Lam RW. Seasonal affective disorder: the latitude hypothesis revisited. Can J Psychiatry. 2002 Oct;47(8):787-8. Abstract

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6. Galima SV, Vogel SR, Kowalski AW. Seasonal affective disorder: common questions and answers. Am Fam Physician. 2020 Dec 1;102(11):668-72.Full text  Abstract

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9. Geoffroy PA, Bellivier F, Scott J, et al. Bipolar disorder with seasonal pattern: clinical characteristics and gender influences. Chronobiol Int. 2013 Nov;30(9):1101-7.Full text  Abstract

10. Yeom JW, Cho CH, Jeon S, et al. Bipolar II disorder has the highest prevalence of seasonal affective disorder in early-onset mood disorders: results from a prospective observational cohort study. Depress Anxiety. 2021 Jun;38(6):661-70. Abstract

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12. Amons PJ, Kooij JJ, Haffmans PM, et al. Seasonality of mood disorders in adults with lifetime attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). J Affect Disord. 2006 Apr;91(2-3):251-5. Abstract

13. Praschak-Rieder N, Willeit M, Neumeister A, et al. Prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder in female patients with seasonal affective disorder. J Affect Disord. 2001 Mar;63(1-3):239-42. Abstract

14. Sher L. Alcoholism and seasonal affective disorder. Compr Psychiatry. 2004 Jan-Feb;45(1):51-6. Abstract

15. Magnusson A, Partonen T. The diagnosis, symptomatology, and epidemiology of seasonal affective disorder. CNS Spectr. 2005 Aug;10(8):625-34. Abstract

16. Winkler D, Willeit M, Praschak-Rieder N, et al. Changes of clinical pattern in seasonal affective disorder (SAD) over time in a German-speaking sample. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2002 Apr;252(2):54-62. Abstract

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19. Nillni YI, Rohan KJ, Rettew D, et al. Seasonal trends in depressive problems among United States children and adolescents: a representative population survey. Psychiatry Res. 2009 Dec 30;170(2-3):224-8. Abstract

20. Sher L. Genetic studies of seasonal affective disorder and seasonality. Compr Psychiatry. 2001 Mar-Apr;42(2):105-10. Abstract

21. Madden PA, Heath AC, Rosenthal NE, et al. Seasonal changes in mood and behavior. The role of genetic factors. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1996 Jan;53(1):47-55. Abstract

22. Dollish HK, Tsyglakova M, McClung CA. Circadian rhythms and mood disorders: time to see the light. Neuron. 2024 Jan 3;112(1):25-40.Full text  Abstract

23. McClung CA. Circadian genes, rhythms, and the biology of mood disorders. Pharmacol Ther. 2007 May;114(2):222-32.Full text  Abstract

24. Ho KWD, Han S, Nielsen JV, et al. Genome-wide association study of seasonal affective disorder. Transl Psychiatry. 2018 Sep 14;8(1):190.Full text  Abstract

25. Westrin A, Lam RW. Seasonal affective disorder: a clinical update. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2007 Oct-Dec;19(4):239-46. Abstract

26. Germain A, Kupfer DJ. Circadian rhythm disturbances in depression. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2008 Oct;23(7):571-85.Full text  Abstract

27. McClung CA. Circadian rhythms and mood regulation: insights from pre-clinical models. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2011 Sep;21(suppl 4):S683-93.Full text  Abstract

28. Teicher MH, Glod CA, Magnus E, et al. Circadian rest-activity disturbances in seasonal affective disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1997 Feb;54(2):124-30. Abstract

29. Winkler D, Pjrek E, Praschak-Rieder N, et al. Actigraphy in patients with seasonal affective disorder and healthy control subjects treated with light therapy. Biol Psychiatry. 2005 Aug 15;58(4):331-6. Abstract

30. Pandi-Perumal SR, Moscovitch A, Srinivasan V, et al. Bidirectional communication between sleep and circadian rhythms and its implications for depression: lessons from agomelatine. Prog Neurobiol. 2009 Aug;88(4):264-71. Abstract

31. Pandi-Perumal SR, Srinivasan V, Maestroni GJ, et al. Melatonin: nature's most versatile biological signal? FEBS J. 2006 Jul;273(13):2813-38. Abstract

32. Schwartz PJ, Turner EH, Garcia-Borreguero D, et al. Serotonin hypothesis of winter depression: behavioral and neuroendocrine effects of the 5HT(1A) receptor partial agonist ipsapirone in patients with seasonal affective disorder and healthy control subjects. Psychiatry Res. 1999 Apr 19;86(1):9-28. Abstract

33. Willeit M, Praschak-Rieder N, Neumeister A, et al. [123I]-B-CIT SPECT imaging shows reduced brain serotonin transporter availability in drug-free depressed patients with seasonal affective disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2000 Mar 15;47(6):482-9. Abstract

34. Ciarleglio CM, Resuehr HE, McMahon DG. Interactions of the serotonin and circadian systems: nature and nurture in rhythms and blues. Neuroscience. 2011 Dec 1;197:8-16. Abstract

35. Thorn L, Evans P, Cannon A. Seasonal differences in the diurnal pattern of cortisol secretion in healthy participants and those with self-assessed seasonal affective disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2011 Jul;36(6):816-23. Abstract

36. Falcon E, McClung CA. A role for the circadian genes in drug addiction. Neuropharmacology. 2009;56(suppl 1):91-6.Full text  Abstract

37. Roecklein KA, Wong PM, Miller MA, et al. Melanopsin, photosensitive ganglion cells, and seasonal affective disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2013 Mar;37(3):229-39.Full text  Abstract

38. Enns MW, Cox BJ, Levitt AJ, et al. Personality and seasonal affective disorder: results from the CAN-SAD study. J Affect Disord. 2006 Jul;93(1-3):35-42. Abstract

39. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed., text revision, (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2022.

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41. Meesters Y, Gordijn MC. Seasonal affective disorder, winter type: current insights and treatment options. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2016 Nov 30;9:317-27.Full text  Abstract

42. Andrew JE, Wileman SM, Howie FL, et al. Comparison of consultation rates in primary care attenders with and without seasonal affective disorder. J Affect Disord. 2001 Feb;62(3):199-205. Abstract

43. Singh T, Williams K. Atypical depression. Psychiatry (Edgmont). 2006 Apr;3(4):33-9.Full text  Abstract

44. Winkler D, Pjrek E, Konstantinidis A, et al. Anger attacks in seasonal affective disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2006 Apr;9(2):215-9. Abstract

45. Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001 Sep;16(9):606-13.Full text  Abstract

46. Thompson C, Thompson S, Smith R. Prevalence of seasonal affective disorder in primary care: a comparison of the seasonal health questionnaire and the seasonal pattern assessment questionnaire. J Affect Disord. 2004 Mar;78(3):219-26. Abstract

47. Mersch PP, Vastenburg NC, Meesters Y, et al. The reliability and validity of the seasonal pattern assessment questionnaire: a comparison between patient groups. J Affect Disord. 2004 Jun;80(2-3):209-19. Abstract

48. Rosenthal NE, Sack DA, Gillin JC, et al. Seasonal affective disorder: a description of the syndrome and preliminary findings with light therapy. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1984 Jan;41(1):72-80. Abstract

49. Oren DA, Rosenthal NE. Seasonal affective disorders. In: Paykel ES, ed. Handbook of affective disorders, 2nd ed. London: Churchill Livingstone; 1992.

50. Thompson C, Cowan A. The seasonal health questionnaire: a preliminary validation of a new instrument to screen for seasonal affective disorder. J Affect Disord. 2001 Apr;64(1):89-98. Abstract

51. Raheja SK, King EA, Thompson C. The Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire for identifying seasonal affective disorders. J Affect Disord. 1996 Dec 16;41(3):193-9. Abstract

52. Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB, et al. Anxiety disorders in primary care: prevalence, impairment, comorbidity, and detection. Ann Intern Med. 2007 Mar 6;146(5):317-25. Abstract

53. Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, et al. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med. 2006 May 22;166(10):1092-7.Full text  Abstract

54. Westrin A, Lam RW. Long-term and preventative treatment for seasonal affective disorder. CNS Drugs. 2007;21(11):901-9. Abstract

55. Schlager D, Froom J, Jaffe A. Winter depression and functional impairment among ambulatory primary care patients. Compr Psychiatry. 1995 Jan-Feb;36(1):18-24. Abstract

56. Lam RW, Tan EM, Yatham LN, et al. Seasonal depression: the dual vulnerability hypothesis revisited. J Affect Disord. 2001 Mar;63(1-3):123-32. Abstract

57. Meesters Y, Winthorst WH, Duijzer WB, et al. The effects of low-intensity narrow-band blue-light treatment compared to bright white-light treatment in sub-syndromal seasonal affective disorder. BMC Psychiatry. 2016 Feb 18;16:27.Full text  Abstract

58. Singh B, Olds T, Curtis R, et al. Effectiveness of physical activity interventions for improving depression, anxiety and distress: an overview of systematic reviews. Br J Sports Med. 2023 Sep;57(18):1203-9.Full text  Abstract

59. Lam RW, Levitt AJ, Levitan RD, et al. The Can-SAD study: a randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of light therapy and fluoxetine in patients with winter seasonal affective disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2006 May;163(5):805-12.Full text  Abstract

60. Ruhrmann S, Kasper S, Hawellek B, et al. Effects of fluoxetine versus bright light in the treatment of seasonal affective disorder. Psychol Med. 1998 Jul;28(4):923-33. Abstract

61. Reeves GM, Nijjar GV, Langenberg P, et al. Improvement in depression scores after 1 hour of light therapy treatment in patients with seasonal affective disorder. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2012 Jan;200(1):51-5.Full text  Abstract

62. Michalak EE, Hayes S, Wilkinson C, et al. Treatment compliance in light therapy: do patients do as they say they do? J Affect Disord. 2002 Apr;68(2-3):341-2. Abstract

63. Thompson C. Evidence-based treatment. In: Partonen T, Magnusson A, eds. Seasonal affective disorder: practice and research. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2001:151-8.

64. Golden RN, Gaynes BN, Ekstrom RD, et al. The efficacy of light therapy in the treatment of mood disorders: a review and meta-analysis of the evidence. Am J Psychiatry. 2005 Apr;162(4):656-62.Full text  Abstract

65. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Depression in adults: treatment and management. Jun 2022 [internet publication].Full text

66. Bauer M, Pfennig A, Severus E, et al. World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for biological treatment of unipolar depressive disorders, part 1: update 2013 on the acute and continuation treatment of unipolar depressive disorders. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2013 Jul;14(5):334-85.Full text  Abstract

67. Lam RW, Kennedy SH, Parikh SV, et al. Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2016 clinical guidelines for the management of adults with major depressive disorder. Can J Psychiatry. 2016 Sep;61(9):506-9. Abstract

68. Lam RW, Gorman CP, Michalon M, et al. Multicenter, placebo-controlled study of fluoxetine in seasonal affective disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 1995 Dec;152(12):1765-70. Abstract

69. Moscovitch A, Blashko CA, Eagles JM, et al. A placebo-controlled study of sertraline in the treatment of outpatients with seasonal affective disorder. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2004 Feb;171(4):390-7. Abstract

70. Nussbaumer-Streit B, Thaler K, Chapman A, et al. Second-generation antidepressants for treatment of seasonal affective disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Mar 4;3:CD008591.Full text  Abstract

71. Martiny K, Lunde M, Simonsen C, et al. Relapse prevention by citalopram in SAD patients responding to 1 week of light therapy: a placebo-controlled study. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2004 Mar;109(3):230-4. Abstract

72. Pjrek E, Winkler D, Stastny J, et al. Escitalopram in seasonal affective disorder: results of an open trial. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2007 Jan;40(1):20-4. Abstract

73. Pjrek E, Willeit M, Praschak-Rieder N, et al: Treatment of seasonal affective disorder with duloxetine: an open-label study. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2008 May;41(3):100-5. Abstract

74. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Suicidality in children and adolescents being treated with antidepressant medications. Feb 2018 [internet publication].Full text

75. Palmer EG, Sornalingam S, Page L, et al. Withdrawing from SSRI antidepressants: advice for primary care. Br J Gen Pract. 2023 Feb 23;73(728):138-40.Full text

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77. Martiny K, Refsgaard E, Lund V, et al. A 9-week randomized trial comparing a chronotherapeutic intervention (wake and light therapy) to exercise in major depressive disorder patients treated with duloxetine. J Clin Psychiatry. 2012 Sep;73(9):1234-42. Abstract

78. Pearlstein T, Steiner M. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder: burden of illness and treatment update. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2008 Jul;33(4):291-301.Full text  Abstract

79. Carlini SV, Lanza di Scalea T, McNally ST, et al. Management of premenstrual dysphoric disorder: a scoping review. Int J Womens Health. 2022 Dec 21:14:1783-801.Full text  Abstract

80. Portella AT, Haaga DA, Rohan KJ. The association between seasonal and premenstrual symptoms is continuous and is not fully accounted for by depressive symptoms. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2006 Nov;194(11):833-7. Abstract

81. de Wit AE, de Vries YA, de Boer MK, et al. Efficacy of combined oral contraceptives for depressive symptoms and overall symptomatology in premenstrual syndrome: pairwise and network meta-analysis of randomized trials. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021 Dec;225(6):624-33.Full text  Abstract

82. Rohan KJ, Roecklein KA, Tierney Lindsey K, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, and their combination for seasonal affective disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2007 Jun;75(3):489-500. Abstract

83. Rohan KJ, Mahon JN, Evans M, et al. Randomized trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy versus light therapy for seasonal affective disorder: acute outcomes. Am J Psychiatry. 2015 Sep 1;172(9):862-9.Full text  Abstract

84. Rohan KJ, Meyerhoff J, Ho SY, et al. Outcomes one and two winters following cognitive-behavioral therapy or light therapy for seasonal affective disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2016 Mar 1;173(3):244-51. Abstract

85. Modell JG, Rosenthal NE, Harriett AE, et al. Seasonal affective disorder and its prevention by anticipatory treatment with bupropion XL. Biol Psychiatry. 2005 Oct 15;58(8):658-67. Abstract

86. Nussbaumer-Streit B, Forneris CA, Morgan LC, et al. Light therapy for preventing seasonal affective disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Mar 18;3:CD011269.Full text  Abstract

87. Lam D, Watkins E, Hayward P, et al. A randomized controlled study of cognitive therapy for relapse prevention for bipolar affective disorder: outcome of the first year. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003 Feb;60(2):145-52.Full text  Abstract

88. Partonen T, Lonnqvist J. Moclobemide and fluoxetine in treatment of seasonal affective disorder. J Affect Disord. 1996 Nov 25;41(2):93-9. Abstract

89. Lingjaerde O, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Haggag A, et al. Treatment of winter depression in Norway. II. A comparison of the selective monoamine oxidase A inhibitor moclobemide and placebo. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1993 Nov;88(5):372-80. Abstract

90. O'Rourke D, Wurtman JJ, Wurtman RJ, et al. Treatment of seasonal depression with d-fenfluramine. J Clin Psychiatry. 1989 Sep;50(9):343-7. Abstract

91. Martinez B, Kasper S, Ruhrmann S, et al. Hypericum in the treatment of seasonal affective disorders. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 1994 Oct;7(suppl 1):S29-33. Abstract

92. Pjrek E, Winkler D, Konstantinidis A, et al. Agomelatine in the treatment of seasonal affective disorder. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2007 Mar;190(4):575-9. Abstract

93. Srinivasan V, Zakaria R, Othman Z, et al. Agomelatine in depressive disorders: its novel mechanisms of action. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2012 Summer;24(3):290-308.Full text  Abstract

94. Hilger E, Willeit M, Praschak-Rieder N, et al. Reboxetine in seasonal affective disorder: an open trial. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2001 Feb;11(1):1-5. Abstract

95. Pjrek E, Konstantinidis A, Assem-Hilger E, et al. Therapeutic effects of escitalopram and reboxetine in seasonal affective disorder: a pooled analysis. J Psychiatr Res. 2009 May;43(8):792-7. Abstract

96. Nussbaumer-Streit B, Greenblatt A, Kaminski-Hartenthaler A, et al. Melatonin and agomelatine for preventing seasonal affective disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Jun 17;6:CD011271.Full text  Abstract

97. Lundt L. Modafinil treatment in patients with seasonal affective disorder/winter depression: an open-label pilot study. J Affect Disord. 2004 Aug;81(2):173-8. Abstract

98. Forneris CA, Nussbaumer-Streit B, Morgan LC, et al. Psychological therapies for preventing seasonal affective disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 May 24;5:CD011270.Full text  Abstract

99. Eisendrath SJ, Gillung E, Delucchi KL, et al. A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for treatment-resistant depression. Psychother Psychosom. 2016;85(2):99-110.Full text  Abstract

100. Feldman G. Cognitive and behavioral therapies for depression: overview, new directions, and practical recommendations for dissemination. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2007 Mar;30(1):39-50. Abstract

101. Rohan KJ, Roecklein KA, Lacy TJ, et al. Winter depression recurrence one year after cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, or combination treatment. Behav Ther. 2009 Sep;40(3):225-38. Abstract

102. Gordijn MC, 't Mannetje D, Meesters Y. The effects of blue-enriched light treatment compared to standard light treatment in Seasonal Affective Disorder. J Affect Disord. 2012 Jan;136(1-2):72-80.Full text  Abstract

103. Jurvelin H, Takala T, Nissilä J, et al. Transcranial bright light treatment via the ear canals in seasonal affective disorder: a randomized, double-blind dose-response study. BMC Psychiatry. 2014 Oct 21;14:288.Full text  Abstract

104. Ravindran AV, Balneaves LG, Faulkner G, et al. Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2016 Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Adults with Major Depressive Disorder: Section 5. Complementary and Alternative Medicine Treatments. Can J Psychiatry. 2016 Sep;61(9):576-87. Abstract

105. Terman M, Terman JS, Quitkin FM, et al. Light therapy for seasonal affective disorder: a review of efficacy. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1989 Mar;2(1):1-22. Abstract