Bladder cancer

References

Key articles

American Urological Association. Diagnosis and treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: AUA/SUO joint guideline. 2024 [internet publication].Full text

National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: bladder cancer [internet publication].Full text

European Association of Urology. Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. 2023 [internet publication].Full text

European Association of Urology. Muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer. 2024 [internet publication].Full text

American Urological Association. Treatment of non-metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer: AUA/ASCO/ASTRO/SUO guideline. Apr 2024 [internet publication].Full text

Reference articles

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37. Zhao X, Wang Y, Liang C. Cigarette smoking and risk of bladder cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis. Int Urol Nephrol. 2022 Jun;54(6):1169-85. Abstract

38. Fernández MI, Brausi M, Clark PE, et al. Epidemiology, prevention, screening, diagnosis, and evaluation: update of the ICUD-SIU joint consultation on bladder cancer. World J Urol. 2019 Jan;37(1):3-13. Abstract

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41. American Urological Association. Diagnosis and treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: AUA/SUO joint guideline. 2024 [internet publication].Full text

42. Huang X, Pan T, Yan L, et al. The inflammatory microenvironment and the urinary microbiome in the initiation and progression of bladder cancer. Genes Dis. 2021 Nov;8(6):781-97.Full text  Abstract

43. Dobruch J, Daneshmand S, Fisch M, et al. Gender and bladder cancer: a collaborative review of etiology, biology, and outcomes. Eur Urol. 2016 Feb;69(2):300-10. Abstract

44. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: bladder cancer [internet publication].Full text

45. Al-Zalabani AH, Stewart KF, Wesselius A, et al. Modifiable risk factors for the prevention of bladder cancer: a systematic review of meta-analyses. Eur J Epidemiol. 2016 Sep;31(9):811-51.Full text  Abstract

46. Zhang YB, Pan XF, Chen J, et al. Combined lifestyle factors, incident cancer, and cancer mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Br J Cancer. 2020 Mar;122(7):1085-93.Full text  Abstract

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48. European Association of Urology. Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. 2023 [internet publication].Full text

49. Peterson LM, Reed HS. Hematuria. Prim Care. 2019 Jun;46(2):265-73.Full text  Abstract

50. Jubber I, Shariat SF, Conroy S, et al. Non-visible haematuria for the detection of bladder, upper tract, and kidney cancer: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Urol. 2020 May;77(5):583-98. Abstract

51. Messing EM, Madeb R, Young T, et al. Long-term outcome of hematuria home screening for bladder cancer in men. Cancer. 2006 Nov 1;107(9):2173-9.Full text  Abstract

52. Barocas DA, Boorjian SA, Alvarez RD, et al. Microhematuria: AUA/SUFU guideline. J Urol. 2020 Oct;204(4):778-86.Full text  Abstract

53. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: hematuria. 2019 [internet publication].Full text

54. European Association of Urology. Muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer. 2024 [internet publication].Full text

55. Schmidt-Hansen M, Berendse S, Hamilton W. The association between symptoms and bladder or renal tract cancer in primary care: a systematic review. Br J Gen Pract. 2015 Nov;65(640):e769-75.Full text  Abstract

56. Shephard EA, Stapley S, Neal RD, et al. Clinical features of bladder cancer in primary care. Br J Gen Pract. 2012 Sep;62(602):e598-604.Full text  Abstract

57. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence​. Suspected cancer: recognition and referral. October 2023 [internet publication].Full text

58. Zheng C, Lv Y, Zhong Q, et al. Narrow band imaging diagnosis of bladder cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. BJU Int. 2012 Dec;110(11 Pt B):E680-7.Full text  Abstract

59. Burger M, Grossman HB, Droller M, et al. Photodynamic diagnosis of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer with hexaminolevulinate cystoscopy: a meta-analysis of detection and recurrence based on raw data. Eur Urol. 2013 Nov;64(5):846-54.Full text  Abstract

60. Bhindi B, Kool R, Kulkarni GS, et al. Canadian Urological Association guideline on the management of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer - Full-text. Can Urol Assoc J. 2021 Aug;15(8):E424-60.Full text  Abstract

61. Maisch P, Koziarz A, Vajgrt J, et al. Blue versus white light for transurethral resection of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Dec 1;12(12):CD013776.Full text  Abstract

62. Ontario Health (Quality). Enhanced visualization methods for first transurethral resection of bladder tumour in suspected non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a health technology assessmen. Ont Health Technol Assess Ser. 2021;21(12):1-123.Full text  Abstract

63. Lai LY, Tafuri SM, Ginier EC, et al. Narrow band imaging versus white light cystoscopy alone for transurethral resection of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Apr 8;4(4):CD014887.Full text  Abstract

64. Gravestock P, Coulthard N, Veeratterapillay R, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of narrow band imaging for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Int J Urol. 2021 Dec;28(12):1212-7.Full text  Abstract

65. Sari Motlagh R, Mori K, Laukhtina E, et al. Impact of enhanced optical techniques at time of transurethral resection of bladder tumour, with or without single immediate intravesical chemotherapy, on recurrence rate of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials. BJU Int. 2021 Sep;128(3):280-9.Full text  Abstract

66. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: pretreatment staging of urothelial cancer. 2024 [internet publication].Full text

67. Lu YY, Chen JH, Liang JA, et al. Clinical value of FDG PET or PET/CT in urinary bladder cancer: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Radiol. 2012 Sep;81(9):2411-6.Full text  Abstract

68. Crozier J, Papa N, Perera M, et al. Comparative sensitivity and specificity of imaging modalities in staging bladder cancer prior to radical cystectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Urol. 2019 Apr;37(4):667-90. Abstract

69. Tan WS, Sarpong R, Khetrapal P, et al. Does urinary cytology have a role in haematuria investigations? BJU Int. 2019 Jan;123(1):74-81.Full text  Abstract

70. Maas M, Todenhöfer T, Black PC. Urine biomarkers in bladder cancer - current status and future perspectives. Nat Rev Urol. 2023 Oct;20(10):597-614. Abstract

71. Pastorello RG, Barkan GA, Saieg M. Experience on the use of The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytopathology: review of the published literature. J Am Soc Cytopathol. 2021 Jan-Feb;10(1):79-87.Full text  Abstract

72. Soorojebally Y, Neuzillet Y, Roumiguié M, et al. Urinary biomarkers for bladder cancer diagnosis and NMIBC follow-up: a systematic review. World J Urol. 2023 Feb;41(2):345-59. Abstract

73. Whitson J, Berry A, Carroll P, et al. A multicolour fluorescence in situ hybridization test predicts recurrence in patients with high-risk superficial bladder tumours undergoing intravesical therapy. BJU Int. 2009 Aug;104(3):336-9. Abstract

74. Kamat AM, Dickstein RJ, Messetti F, et al. Use of fluorescence in situ hybridization to predict response to bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy for bladder cancer: results of a prospective trial. J Urol. 2012 Mar;187(3):862-7.Full text  Abstract

75. Budman LI, Kassouf W, Steinberg JR. Biomarkers for detection and surveillance of bladder cancer. Can Urol Assoc J. 2008 Jun;2(3):212-21.Full text  Abstract

76. Ramirez D, Gupta A, Canter D, et al. Microscopic haematuria at time of diagnosis is associated with lower disease stage in patients with newly diagnosed bladder cancer. BJU Int. 2016 May;117(5):783-6.Full text  Abstract

77. Rouprêt M, Seisen T, Birtle AJ, et al. European Association of Urology Guidelines on upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: 2023 update. Eur Urol. 2023 Jul;84(1):49-64.Full text  Abstract

78. Coleman JA, Clark PE, Bixler BR, et al. Diagnosis and management of non-metastatic upper tract urothelial carcinoma: AUA/SUO guideline. J Urol. 2023 Jun;209(6):1071-81.Full text  Abstract

79. Sylvester RJ, van der Meijden AP, Oosterlinck W, et al. Predicting recurrence and progression in individual patients with stage TaT1 bladder cancer using EORTC risk tables: a combined analysis of 2596 patients from seven EORTC trials. Eur Urol. 2006 Mar;49(3):466-5. Abstract

80. Fernandez-Gomez J, Madero R, Solsona E, et al. The EORTC tables overestimate the risk of recurrence and progression in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer treated with bacillus Calmette-Guérin: external validation of the EORTC risk tables. Eur Urol. 2011 Sep;60(3):423-30. Abstract

81. Han MA, Maisch P, Jung JH, et al. Intravesical gemcitabine for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Jun 14;6(6):CD009294.Full text  Abstract

82. Chou R, Selph S, Buckley DI, et al. Intravesical therapy for the treatment of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Urol. 2017 May;197(5):1189-99. Abstract

83. Lenis AT, Lec PM, Chamie K, et al. Bladder cancer: a review. JAMA. 2020 Nov 17;324(19):1980-91. Abstract

84. Kaufman DS, Shipley WU, Feldman AS. Bladder cancer. Lancet. 2009 Jul 18;374(9685):239-49. Abstract

85. Oddens J, Brausi M, Sylvester R, et al. Final results of an EORTC-GU cancers group randomized study of maintenance bacillus Calmette-Guérin in intermediate- and high-risk Ta, T1 papillary carcinoma of the urinary bladder: one-third dose versus full dose and 1 year versus 3 years of maintenance. Eur Urol. 2013 Mar;63(3):462-72. Abstract

86. Lamm DL, Blumenstein BA, Crissman JD, et al. Maintenance bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy for recurrent TA, T1 and carcinoma in situ transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: a randomized Southwest Oncology Group Study. J Urol. 2000 Apr;163(4):1124-9. Abstract

87. Steinberg RL, Thomas LJ, Brooks N, et al. Multi-institution evaluation of sequential gemcitabine and docetaxel as rescue therapy for nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. J Urol. 2020 May;203(5):902-9. Abstract

88. Barlow LJ, McKiernan JM, Benson MC. Long-term survival outcomes with intravesical docetaxel for recurrent nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer after previous bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy. J Urol. 2013 Mar;189(3):834-9. Abstract

89. Sylvester RJ, Oosterlinck W, Holmang S, et al. Systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of randomized trials comparing a single immediate instillation of chemotherapy after transurethral resection with transurethral resection alone in patients with stage pTa-pT1 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: which patients benefit from the instillation? Eur Urol. 2016 Feb;69(2):231-44. Abstract

90. Bosschieter J, Nieuwenhuijzen JA, Vis AN, et al. An immediate, single intravesical instillation of mitomycin C is of benefit in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer irrespective of prognostic risk groups. Urol Oncol. 2018 Sep;36(9):400.e7-400.e14. Abstract

91. Brausi M, Collette L, Kurth K, et al. Variability in the recurrence rate at first follow-up cystoscopy after TUR in stage Ta T1 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: a combined analysis of seven EORTC studies. Eur Urol. 2002 May;41(5):523-31. Abstract

92. Holmang S, Johansson SL. Stage Ta-T1 bladder cancer: the relationship between findings at first followup cystoscopy and subsequent recurrence and progression. J Urol. 2002 Apr;167(4):1634-7. Abstract

93. Jakse G, Algaba F, Malmström PU, et al. A second-look TUR in T1 transitional cell carcinoma: why? Eur Urol. 2004 May;45(5):539-46. Abstract

94. Divrik T, Yildirim U, Eroğlu AS, et al. Is a second transurethral resection necessary for newly diagnosed pT1 bladder cancer? J Urol. 2006 Apr;175(4):1258-61. Abstract

95. Herr HW, Donat SM, Dalbagni G. Can restaging transurethral resection of T1 bladder cancer select patients for immediate cystectomy? J Urol. 2007 Jan;177(1):75-9. Abstract

96. Aziz A, May M, Burger M, et al. Prediction of 90-day mortality after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer in a prospective European multicenter cohort. Eur Urol. 2014 Jul;66(1):156-63. Abstract

97. Balar AV, Kamat AM, Kulkarni GS, et al. Pembrolizumab monotherapy for the treatment of high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer unresponsive to BCG (KEYNOTE-057): an open-label, single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol. 2021 Jul;22(7):919-930. Abstract

98. Boorjian SA, Alemozaffar M, Konety BR, et al. Intravesical nadofaragene firadenovec gene therapy for BCG-unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a single-arm, open-label, repeat-dose clinical trial. Lancet Oncol. 2021 Jan;22(1):107-117. Abstract

99. Chamie K, Chang SS, Kramolowsky E, et al. IL-15 superagonist NAI in BCG-unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. NEJM Evid. 2023 Jan;2(1):EVIDoa2200167.Full text  Abstract

100. Zhou L, Liang X, Zhang K. Assessment of the clinical efficacy of simultaneous transurethral resection of both bladder cancer and the prostate: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Male. 2020 Dec;23(5):1182-93.Full text  Abstract

101. Neuzillet Y, Audenet F, Loriot Y, et al. French AFU Cancer Committee Guidelines - Update 2022-2024: muscle-Invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Prog Urol. 2022 Nov;32(15):1141-63.Full text  Abstract

102. Advanced Bladder Cancer Meta-analysis Collaboration. Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy for invasive bladder cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005 Apr 18;(2):CD005246.Full text  Abstract

103. Gandaglia G, Popa I, Abdollah F, et al. The effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on perioperative outcomes in patients who have bladder cancer treated with radical cystectomy: a population-based study. Eur Urol. 2014 Sep;66(3):561-8. Abstract

104. Galsky MD, Pal SK, Chowdhury S, et al. Comparative effectiveness of gemcitabine plus cisplatin versus methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, plus cisplatin as neoadjuvant therapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Cancer. 2015 Aug 1;121(15):2586-93.Full text  Abstract

105. Yin M, Joshi M, Meijer RP, et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review and two-step meta-analysis. Oncologist. 2016 Jun;21(6):708-15.Full text  Abstract

106. Aydh A, Sari Motlagh R, Alamri A, et al. Comparison between different neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens and local therapy alone for bladder cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of oncologic outcomes. World J Urol. 2023 Aug;41(8):2185-94.Full text  Abstract

107. Zargar H, Shah JB, van Rhijn BW, et al. Neoadjuvant dose dense MVAC versus gemcitabine and cisplatin in patients with cT3-4aN0M0 bladder cancer treated with radical cystectomy. J Urol. 2018 Jun;199(6):1452-8. Abstract

108. Sternberg CN, de Mulder PH, Schornagel JH, et al. Randomized phase III trial of high-dose-intensity methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (MVAC) chemotherapy and recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor versus classic MVAC in advanced urothelial tract tumors: European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Protocol no. 30924. J Clin Oncol. 2001 May 15;19(10):2638-46.Full text  Abstract

109. Bruins HM, Veskimae E, Hernandez V, et al. The impact of the extent of lymphadenectomy on oncologic outcomes in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: a systematic review. Eur Urol. 2014 Dec;66(6):1065-77. Abstract

110. Lerner SP, Tangen C, Svatek RS, et al. Standard or extended lymphadenectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. N Engl J Med. 2024 Oct 3;391(13):1206-16.Full text  Abstract

111. American Urological Association. Treatment of non-metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer: AUA/ASCO/ASTRO/SUO guideline. Apr 2024 [internet publication].Full text

112. Powles T, Bellmunt J, Comperat E, et al. Bladder cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2022 Mar;33(3):244-58.Full text  Abstract

113. Ding H, Fan N, Ning Z, et al. Trimodal therapy vs. radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a meta-analysis. Front Oncol. 2020;10:564779.Full text  Abstract

114. Hall E, Hussain SA, Porta N, et al. Chemoradiotherapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer: 10-yr follow-up of the phase 3 randomised controlled BC2001 trial. Eur Urol. 2022 Sep;82(3):273-9.Full text  Abstract

115. Leow JJ, Martin-Doyle W, Rajagopal PS, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy for invasive bladder cancer: a 2013 updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Eur Urol. 2014 Jul;66(1):42-54.Full text  Abstract

116. Iwata T, Kimura S, Abufaraj M, et al. The role of adjuvant radiotherapy after surgery for upper and lower urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: A systematic review. Urol Oncol. 2019 Oct;37(10):659-671.Full text  Abstract

117. Zaghloul MS, Christodouleas JP, Smith A, et al. Adjuvant Sandwich Chemotherapy Plus Radiotherapy vs Adjuvant Chemotherapy Alone for Locally Advanced Bladder Cancer After Radical Cystectomy: A Randomized Phase 2 Trial. JAMA Surg. 2018 Jan 17;153(1):e174591.Full text  Abstract

118. Bajorin DF, Witjes JA, Gschwend JE, et al. Adjuvant nivolumab versus placebo in muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2021 Jun 3;384(22):2102-14. Abstract

119. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Avelumab for maintenance treatment of locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer after platinum-based chemotherapy. May 2022 [internet publication].Full text

120. Powles T, Park SH, Voog E, et al. Avelumab maintenance therapy for advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2020 Sep 24;383(13):1218-30.Full text  Abstract

121. Powles T, Bellmunt J, Comperat E, et al. ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline interim update on first-line therapy in advanced urothelial carcinoma. Ann Oncol. 2024 Jun;35(6):485-90.Full text  Abstract

122. Hoimes CJ, Flaig TW, Milowsky MI, et al. Enfortumab vedotin plus pembrolizumab in previously untreated advanced urothelial cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2023 Jan 1;41(1):22-31.Full text  Abstract

123. Powles T, Valderrama BP, Gupta S, et al. Enfortumab vedotin and pembrolizumab in untreated advanced urothelial cancer. N Engl J Med. 2024 Mar 7;390(10):875-88.Full text  Abstract

124. van der Heijden MS, Sonpavde G, Powles T, et al. Nivolumab plus gemcitabine-cisplatin in advanced urothelial carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2023 Nov 9;389(19):1778-89.Full text  Abstract

125. Merseburger AS, Apolo AB, Chowdhury S, et al. SIU-ICUD recommendations on bladder cancer: systemic therapy for metastatic bladder cancer. World J Urol. 2019 Jan;37(1):95-105. Abstract

126. Galsky MD, Hahn NM, Rosenberg J, et al. A consensus definition of patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma who are unfit for cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Lancet Oncol. 2011 Mar;12(3):211-4. Abstract

127. Abufaraj M, Dalbagni G, Daneshmand S, et al. The role of surgery in metastatic bladder cancer: a systematic review. Eur Urol. 2018 Apr;73(4):543-57.Full text  Abstract

128. ​Bellmunt J, de Wit R, Vaughn DJ, et al; KEYNOTE-045 Investigators. Pembrolizumab as second-line therapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2017 Mar 16;376(11):1015-1026.Full text  Abstract

129. Powles T, Rosenberg JE, Sonpavde GP, et al. Enfortumab vedotin in previously treated advanced urothelial carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2021 Mar 25;384(12):1125-35. Abstract

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