Epicondylitis

American College of Radiology. Practice parameter for the performance and interpretation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the elbow. 2021 [internet publication].Full text

American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: acute elbow and forearm pain​. 2024 [internet publication].Full text

Raman J, MacDermid JC, Grewal R. Effectiveness of different methods of resistance exercises in lateral epicondylosis - a systematic review. J Hand Ther. 2012 Jan-Mar;25(1):5-25. Abstract

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Autologous blood injection for tendinopathy. Jan 2013 [internet publication].Full text

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21. Calfee RP, Patel A, DaSilva MF, et al. Management of lateral epicondylitis: current concepts. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2008;16:19-29. Abstract

22. Ciccotti MC, Schwartz MA, Ciccotti MG. Diagnosis and treatment of medial epicondylitis of the elbow. Clin Sports Med. 2004 Oct;23(4):693-705, xi. Abstract

23. Juul-Kristensen B, Lund H, Hansen K, et al. Poorer elbow proprioception in patients with lateral epicondylitis than in healthy controls: a cross-sectional study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2008;17(1 Suppl):72S-81S. Abstract

24. Ciccotti MG, Ramani MN. Medial epicondylitis. Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg. 2003 Dec;7(4):190-6. Abstract

25. Bunata RE, Brown DS, Capelo R. Anatomic factors related to the cause of tennis elbow. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007 Sep;89(9):1955-63. Abstract

26. Rosenberg N, Soudry M, Stahl S. Comparison of two methods for the evaluation of treatment in medial epicondylitis: pain estimation vs grip strength measurements. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2004 Jul;124(6):363-5. Abstract

27. Bauer JA, Murray RD. Electromyographic patterns of individuals suffering from lateral tennis elbow. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 1999 Aug;9(4):245-52. Abstract

28. Bales CP, Placzek JD, Malone KJ, et al. Microvascular supply of the lateral epicondyle and common extensor origin. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2007 Jul-Aug;16(4):497-501. Abstract

29. du Toit C, Stieler M, Saunders R, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of Power-Doppler ultrasound in patients with chronic tennis elbow. Br J Sports Med. 2008 Nov;42(11):872-6. Abstract

30. Nirschl RP, Pettrone FA. Tennis elbow. The surgical treatment of lateral epicondylitis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1979 Sep;61(6A):832-9. Abstract

31. Kraushaar BS, Nirschl RP. Tendinosis of the elbow (tennis elbow): clinical features and findings of histological, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopy studies. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1999 Feb;81(2):259-78. Abstract

32. Chard MD, Cawston TE, Riley GP, et al. Rotator cuff degeneration and lateral epicondylitis: a comparative histological study. Ann Rheum Dis. 1994 Jan;53(1):30-4.Full text  Abstract

33. Nirschl RP. The etiology and treatment of tennis elbow. J Sports Med. 1974;2:308-323. Abstract

34. Hatch GF 3rd, Pink MM, Mohr KJ, et al. The effect of tennis racket grip size on forearm muscle firing patterns. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34:1977-1983. Abstract

35. Whaley AL, Baker CL. Lateral epicondylitis. Clin Sports Med. 2004 Oct;23(4):677-91, x. Abstract

36. Dorf ER, Chhabra AB, Golish SR, et al. Effect of elbow position on grip strength in the evaluation of lateral epicondylitis. J Hand Surg (Am). 2007 Jul-Aug;32(6):882-6. Abstract

37. Smidt N, Assendelft WJ, van der Windt DA, et al. Corticosteroid injections for lateral epicondylitis: a systematic review. Pain. 2002 Mar;96(1-2):23-40. Abstract

38. Pienimäki TT, Siira PT, Vanharanta H. Chronic medial and lateral epicondylitis: a comparison of pain, disability, and function. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2002 Mar;83(3):317-21. Abstract

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43. Cannon DE, Dillingham TR, Miao H, et al. Musculoskeletal disorders in referrals for suspected cervical radiculopathy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007 Oct;88(10):1256-9. Abstract

44. Dones VC 3rd, Grimmer K, Thoirs K, et al. The diagnostic validity of musculoskeletal ultrasound in lateral epicondylalgia: a systematic review. BMC Med Imaging. 2014 Mar 3;14:10.Full text  Abstract

45. Latham SK, Smith TO. The diagnostic test accuracy of ultrasound for the detection of lateral epicondylitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2014 May;100(3):281-6.Full text  Abstract

46. American College of Radiology. Practice parameter for the performance and interpretation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the elbow. 2021 [internet publication].Full text

47. Shahabpour M, Kichouh M, Laridon E, et al. The effectiveness of diagnostic imaging methods for the assessment of soft tissue and articular disorders of the shoulder and elbow. Eur J Radiol. 2008 Feb;65(2):194-200. Abstract

48. Suresh SP, Ali KE, Jones H, et al. Medial epicondylitis: is ultrasound guided autologous blood injection an effective treatment? Br J Sports Med. 2006 Nov;40(11):935-9; discussion 939. Abstract

49. Henry M, Stutz C. A unified approach to radial tunnel syndrome and lateral tendinosis. Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg. 2006 Dec;10(4):200-5. Abstract

50. Stanley J. Radial tunnel syndrome: a surgeon's perspective. J Hand Ther. 2006 Apr-Jun;19(2):180-4. Abstract

51. Cheung EV, Adams R, Morrey BF. Primary osteoarthritis of the elbow: current treatment options. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2008 Feb;16(2):77-87. Abstract

52. Dalal S, Bull M, Stanley D. Radiographic changes at the elbow in primary osteoarthritis: a comparison with normal aging of the elbow joint. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2007 May-Jun;16(3):358-61. Abstract

53. Salvo JP, Rizio L 3rd, Zvijac JE, et al. Avulsion fracture of the ulnar sublime tubercle in overhead throwing athletes. Am J Sports Med. 2002 May-Jun;30(3):426-31. Abstract

54. Elhassan B, Steinmann SP. Entrapment neuropathy of the ulnar nerve. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2007 Nov;15(11):672-81. Abstract

55. Taha A, Galarza M, Zuccarello M, et al. Outcomes of cubital tunnel surgery among patients with absent sensory nerve conduction. Neurosurgery. 2004 Apr;54(4):891-5; discussion 895-6. Abstract

56. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: acute elbow and forearm pain​. 2024 [internet publication].Full text

57. American College of Radiology. ACR Appropriateness Criteria. Chronic elbow pain. 2022 [internet publication].Full text

58. Ciccotti MG, Charlton WP. Epicondylitis in the athlete. Clin Sports Med. 2001 Jan;20(1):77-93. Abstract

59. Johnson GW, Cadwallader K, Scheffel SB, et al. Treatment of lateral epicondylitis. Am Fam Physician. 2007 Sep 15;76(6):843-8. Abstract

60. Pattanittum P, Turner T, Green S, et al. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(5):CD003686.Full text  Abstract

61. Labelle H, Guibert R. Efficacy of diclofenac in lateral epicondylitis of the elbow also treated with immobilization. The University of Montreal Orthopaedic Research Group. Arch Fam Med. 1997 May-Jun;6(3):257-62. Abstract

62. Kroslak M, Pirapakaran K, Murrell GAC. Counterforce bracing of lateral epicondylitis: a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2019 Feb;28(2):288-295.Full text  Abstract

63. Bisset LM, Collins NJ, Offord SS. Immediate effects of 2 types of braces on pain and grip strength in people with lateral epicondylalgia: a randomized controlled trial. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2014 Feb;44(2):120-8. Abstract

64. Chesterton LS, Lewis AM, Sim J, et al. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation as adjunct to primary care management for tennis elbow: pragmatic randomised controlled trial (TATE trial). BMJ. 2013 Sep 2;347:f5160.Full text  Abstract

65. Herd CR, Meserve BB. A systematic review of the effectiveness of manipulative therapy in treating lateral epicondylalgia. J Man Manip Ther. 2008;16(4):225-37.Full text  Abstract

66. Raman J, MacDermid JC, Grewal R. Effectiveness of different methods of resistance exercises in lateral epicondylosis - a systematic review. J Hand Ther. 2012 Jan-Mar;25(1):5-25. Abstract

67. Cullinane FL, Boocock MG, Trevelyan FC. Is eccentric exercise an effective treatment for lateral epicondylitis? A systematic review. Clin Rehabil. 2014 Jan;28(1):3-19. Abstract

68. Olaussen M, Holmedal O, Lindbaek M, et al. Treating lateral epicondylitis with corticosteroid injections or non-electrotherapeutical physiotherapy: a systematic review. BMJ Open. 2013 Oct 29;3(10):e003564.Full text  Abstract

69. Peterson M, Butler S, Eriksson M, et al. A randomized controlled trial of eccentric vs. concentric graded exercise in chronic tennis elbow (lateral elbow tendinopathy). Clin Rehabil. 2014 Sep;28(9):862-72. Abstract

70. McQueen KS, Powell RK, Keener T, et al. Role of strengthening during nonoperative treatment of lateral epicondyle tendinopathy. J Hand Ther. 2021 Oct-Dec;34(4):619-26. Abstract

71. Yilmaz K, Yigiter Bayramlar K, Ayhan C, et al. Investigating the effects of neuromobilization in lateral epicondylitis. J Hand Ther. 2022 Jan-Mar;35(1):97-106. Abstract

72. Long L, Briscoe S, Cooper C, et al. What is the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of conservative interventions for tendinopathy? An overview of systematic reviews of clinical effectiveness and systematic review of economic evaluations. Health Technol Assess. 2015 Jan;19(8):1-134.Full text  Abstract

73. Sayegh ET, Strauch RJ. Does nonsurgical treatment improve longitudinal outcomes of lateral epicondylitis over no treatment? A meta-analysis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2015 Mar;473(3):1093-107.Full text  Abstract

74. Gaujoux-Viala C, Dougados M, Gossec L. Efficacy and safety of steroid injections for shoulder and elbow tendonitis: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009 Dec;68(12):1843-9.Full text  Abstract

75. Bisset L, Beller E, Jull G, et al. Mobilisation with movement and exercise, corticosteroid injection, or wait and see for tennis elbow: randomised trial. BMJ. 2006 Nov 4;333(7575):939.Full text  Abstract

76. Coombes BK, Bisset L, Brooks P, et al. Effect of corticosteroid injection, physiotherapy, or both on clinical outcomes in patients with unilateral lateral epicondylalgia: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2013 Feb 6;309(5):461-9.Full text  Abstract

77. Barr S, Cerisola FL, Blanchard V. Effectiveness of corticosteroid injections compared with physiotherapeutic interventions for lateral epicondylitis: a systematic review. Physiotherapy. 2009 Dec;95(4):251-65. Abstract

78. Coombes BK, Bisset L, Vicenzino B, et al. Efficacy and safety of corticosteroid injections and other injections for management of tendinopathy: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Lancet. 2010 Nov 20;376(9754):1751-67. Abstract

79. Buchbinder R, Johnston RV, Barnsley L, et al. Surgery for lateral elbow pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(3):CD003525.Full text  Abstract

80. Bateman M, Littlewood C, Rawson B, et al. Surgery for tennis elbow: a systematic review. Shoulder Elbow. 2019 Feb;11(1):35-44.Full text  Abstract

81. Moradi A, Pasdar P, Mehrad-Majd H, et al. Clinical Outcomes of Open versus Arthroscopic Surgery for Lateral Epicondylitis, Evidence from a Systematic Review. Arch Bone Jt Surg. 2019 Mar;7(2):91-104. Abstract

82. Wang W, Chen J, Lou J, et al. Comparison of arthroscopic debridement and open debridement in the management of lateral epicondylitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Nov;98(44):e17668.Full text  Abstract

83. Clark T, McRae S, Leiter J, et al. Arthroscopic Versus Open Lateral Release for the Treatment of Lateral Epicondylitis: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial. Arthroscopy. 2018 Dec;34(12):3177-3184.Full text  Abstract

84. Dunn JH, Kim JJ, Davis L, et al. Ten- to 14-year follow-up of the Nirschl surgical technique for lateral epicondylitis. Am J Sports Med. 2008 Feb;36(2):261-6. Abstract

85. Coleman B, Quinlan JF, Matheson JA. Surgical treatment for lateral epicondylitis: a long-term follow-up of results. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2010 Apr;19(3):363-7.Full text  Abstract

86. Vangsness CT Jr, Jobe FW. Surgical treatment of medial epicondylitis: results in 35 elbows. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1991 May;73(3):409-11.Full text  Abstract

87. Dakkak M, Patel V, King D, et al. Ultrasound-guided tenotomy for lateral epicondylitis with TenJet improves physical functional and decreased pain outcomes at 1 year: a case series review. JSES Int. 2023 Sep;7(5):872-6.Full text  Abstract

88. Barnes DE, Beckley JM, Smith J. Percutaneous ultrasonic tenotomy for chronic elbow tendinosis: a prospective study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2015 Jan;24(1):67-73. Abstract

89. Uygur E, Aktaş B, Özkut A, et al. Dry needling in lateral epicondylitis: a prospective controlled study. Int Orthop. 2017 Nov;41(11):2321-5. Abstract

90. Nagarajan V, Ethiraj P, Prasad P A, et al. Local corticosteroid injection versus dry needling in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis. Cureus. 2022 Nov;14(11):e31286.Full text  Abstract

91. Kohia M, Brackle J, Byrd K, et al. Effectiveness of physical therapy treatments on lateral epicondylitis. J Sport Rehabil. 2008 May;17(2):119-36. Abstract

92. Xiong Y, Xue H, Zhou W, et al. Shock-wave therapy versus corticosteroid injection on lateral epicondylitis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phys Sportsmed. 2019 Sep;47(3):284-289.Full text  Abstract

93. Yao G, Chen J, Duan Y, et al. Efficacy of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Lateral Epicondylitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biomed Res Int. 2020;2020:2064781.Full text  Abstract

94. Ahmad Z, Brooks R, Kang SN, et al. The effect of platelet-rich plasma on clinical outcomes in lateral epicondylitis. Arthroscopy. 2013 Nov;29(11):1851-62. Abstract

95. Krogh TP, Bartels EM, Ellingsen T, et al. Comparative effectiveness of injection therapies in lateral epicondylitis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Sports Med. 2013 Jun;41(6):1435-46. Abstract

96. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Autologous blood injection for tendinopathy. Jan 2013 [internet publication].Full text

97. Houck DA, Kraeutler MJ, Thornton LB, et al. Treatment of Lateral Epicondylitis With Autologous Blood, Platelet-Rich Plasma, or Corticosteroid Injections: A Systematic Review of Overlapping Meta-analyses. Orthop J Sports Med. 2019 Mar;7(3):2325967119831052.Full text  Abstract

98. Li A, Wang H, Yu Z, et al. Platelet-rich plasma vs corticosteroids for elbow epicondylitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Dec;98(51):e18358.Full text  Abstract

99. Karjalainen TV, Silagy M, O'Bryan E, et al. Autologous blood and platelet-rich plasma injection therapy for lateral elbow pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Sep 30;9:CD010951. Abstract

100. Wong SM, Hui AC, Tong PY, et al. Treatment of lateral epicondylitis with botulinum toxin: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2005 Dec 6;143(11):793-7. Abstract

101. Kalichman LB, Bannuru RR, Severin M, et al. Injection of botulinum toxin for treatment of chronic lateral epicondylitis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Sem Arthritis Rheum. 2011 Jun;40(6):532-8. Abstract

102. Zhang T, Adatia A, Zarin W, et al. The efficacy of botulinum toxin type A in managing chronic musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review and meta analysis. Inflammopharmacology. 2011 Feb;19(1):21-34. Abstract

103. Lin YC, Wu WT, Hsu YC, et al. Comparative effectiveness of botulinum toxin versus non-surgical treatments for treating lateral epicondylitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rehabil. 2018 Feb;32(2):131-145.Full text  Abstract

104. Petrella RJ, Cogliano A, Decaria J, et al. Management of tennis elbow with sodium hyaluronate periarticular injections. Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabilit Ther Technol. 2010 Feb 2;2:4.Full text  Abstract

105. Bjordal JM, Lopes-Martins RA, Joensen J, et al. A systematic review with procedural assessments and meta-analysis of low level laser therapy in lateral elbow tendinopathy (tennis elbow). BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2008 May 29;9:75.Full text  Abstract

106. Baxter GD, Bleakley C, McDonough S. Clinical effectiveness of laser acupuncture: a systematic review. J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 2008 Dec;1(2):65-82.Full text  Abstract

107. Chang WD, Wu JH, Yang WJ, et al. Therapeutic effects of low-level laser on lateral epicondylitis from differential interventions of Chinese-Western medicine: systematic review. Photomed Laser Surg. 2010 Jun;28(3):327-36. Abstract

108. Tumilty S, Munn J, McDonough S, et al. Low level laser treatment of tendinopathy: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Photomed Laser Surg. 2010 Feb;28(1):3-16. Abstract

109. Roberts DB, Kruse RJ, Stoll SF. The effectiveness of therapeutic class IV (10 W) laser treatment for epicondylitis. Lasers Surg Med. 2013 Jul;45(5):311-7. Abstract

110. BC Physical Therapy Tendinopathy Task Force. Lateral epicondyle tendinopathy: summary of the evidence for physical therapy interventions. 2022 [internet publication].Full text

111. Dick FD, Graveling RA, Munro W, et al; Guideline Development Group. Workplace management of upper limb disorders: a systematic review. Occup Med (Lond). 2011;61:19-25.Full text  Abstract

112. Bohr PC. Systematic review and analysis of work-related injuries to and conditions of the elbow. Am J Occupat Ther. 2011;65:24-28. Abstract