Retinal vein occlusion

Romano F, Lamanna F, Gabrielle PH, et al. Update on retinal vein occlusion. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila). 2023 Mar-Apr;12(2):196-210.Full text  Abstract

The Royal College of Ophthalmologists. Retinal vein occlusion guidelines. Feb 2022 [internet publication].Full text

Flaxel CJ, Adelman RA, Bailey ST, et al. Retinal vein occlusions preferred practice pattern®. Ophthalmology. 2020 Feb;127(2):P288-320.Full text  Abstract

Nicholson L, Talks SJ, Amoaku W, et al. Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) guideline: executive summary. Eye (Lond). 2022 May;36(5):909-12.Full text  Abstract

Shalchi Z, Mahroo O, Bunce C, et al. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for macular oedema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Jul 7;7:CD009510.Full text  Abstract

1. Romano F, Lamanna F, Gabrielle PH, et al. Update on retinal vein occlusion. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila). 2023 Mar-Apr;12(2):196-210.Full text  Abstract

2. Song P, Xu Y, Zha M, et al. Global epidemiology of retinal vein occlusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence, incidence, and risk factors. J Glob Health. 2019 Jun;9(1):010427.Full text  Abstract

3. The Royal College of Ophthalmologists. Retinal vein occlusion guidelines. Feb 2022 [internet publication].Full text

4. Flaxel CJ, Adelman RA, Bailey ST, et al. Retinal vein occlusions preferred practice pattern®. Ophthalmology. 2020 Feb;127(2):P288-320.Full text  Abstract

5. Mitchell P, Smith W, Chang A. Prevalence and associations of retinal vein occlusion in Australia. The Blue Mountains Eye Study. Arch Ophthalmol. 1996 Oct;114(10):1243-7. Abstract

6. Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, et al. The epidemiology of retinal vein occlusion: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 2000;98:133-41.Full text  Abstract

7. Hayreh SS, Zimmerman MB, Podhajsky P. Incidence of various types of retinal vein occlusion and their recurrence and demographic characteristics. Am J Ophthalmol. 1994 Apr 15;117(4):429-41. Abstract

8. Klein R, Moss SE, Meuer SM, et al. The 15-year cumulative incidence of retinal vein occlusion: The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Apr;126(4):513-8. Abstract

9. The Central Vein Occlusion Study Group. Natural history and clinical management of central retinal vein occlusion. Arch Ophthalmol. 1997 Apr;115(4):486-91. [Erratum in: Arch Ophthalmol 1997 Oct;115(10):1275.] Abstract

10. Hayreh SS. Central retinal vein occlusion. Ophthalmol Clin North Am. 1998 Dec 1;11(4):559-90.Full text

11. Green WR, Chan CC, Hutchins GM, et al. Central retinal vein occlusion: a prospective histopathologic study of 29 eyes in 28 cases. Retina. 1981;1(1):27-55. Abstract

12. Zhao J, Sastry SM, Sperduto RD, et al. Arteriovenous crossing patterns in branch retinal vein occlusion. The Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group. Ophthalmology. 1993 Mar;100(3):423-8. Abstract

13. Weinberg D, Dodwell DG, Fern SA. Anatomy of arteriovenous crossings in branch retinal vein occlusion. Am J Ophthalmol. 1990 Mar 15;109(3):298-302. Abstract

14. Duker JS, Brown GC. Anterior location of the crossing artery in branch retinal vein obstruction. Arch Ophthalmol. 1989 Jul;107(7):998-1000. Abstract

15. Aiello LP, Avery RL, Arrigg PG, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor in ocular fluid of patients with diabetic retinopathy and other retinal disorders. N Engl J Med. 1994 Dec 1;331(22):1480-7.Full text  Abstract

16. Dodson PM, Galton DJ, Hamilton AM, et al. Retinal vein occlusion and the prevalence of lipoprotein abnormalities. Br J Ophthalmol. 1982 Mar;66(3):161-4.Full text  Abstract

17. Williamson TH, Rumley A, Lowe GD. Blood viscosity, coagulation, and activated protein C resistance in central retinal vein occlusion: a population controlled study. Br J Ophthalmol. 1996 Mar;80(3):203-8.Full text  Abstract

18. Ciardella AP, Yannuzzi LA, Freund KB, et al. Factor V Leiden, activated protein C resistance, and retinal vein occlusion. Retina. 1998;18(4):308-15. Abstract

19. Gutman FA. Evaluation of a patient with central retinal vein occlusion. Ophthalmology. 1983 May;90(5):481-3. Abstract

20. Hayreh SS, Zimmerman MB, Podhajsky P. Hematologic abnormalities associated with various types of retinal vein occlusion. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2002 Mar;240(3):180-96. Abstract

21. Abu El-Asrar AM, Abdel Gader AG, Al-Amro S, et al. Hypercoagulable states in patients with retinal venous occlusion. Doc Ophthalmol. 1998;95(2):133-43. Abstract

22. The Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group. Risk factors for branch retinal vein occlusion. Am J Ophthalmol. 1993 Sep 15;116(3):286-96. Abstract

23. Fong AC, Schatz H. Central retinal vein occlusion in young adults. Surv Ophthalmol. 1993 May-Jun;37(6):393-417. [Erratum in: Surv Ophthalmol 1993 Jul-Aug;38(1):88.] Abstract

24. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Retina summary benchmarks - 2023​. Dec 2023 [internet publication].Full text

25. Hayreh SS, Klugman MR, Beri M, et al. Differentiation of ischemic from nonischemic central retinal vein occlusion during the early acute phase. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1990;228(3):201-17. Abstract

26. Nicholson L, Talks SJ, Amoaku W, et al. Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) guideline: executive summary. Eye (Lond). 2022 May;36(5):909-12.Full text  Abstract

27. US Preventative Services Task Force. Final recommendation statement - impaired visual acuity in older adults: screening. May 2022 [internet publication].Full text

28. Chou R, Bougatsos C, Jungbauer R, et al. Screening for impaired visual acuity in older adults: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2022 Jun 7;327(21):2129-40.Full text  Abstract

29. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Referral of persons with possible eye diseases or injury - 2014​. Apr 2014 [internet publication].Full text

30. Brown DM, Heier JS, Clark WL, et al. Intravitreal aflibercept injection for macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion: 1-year results from the phase 3 COPERNICUS study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2013 Mar;155(3):429-37.e7. Abstract

31. Campochiaro PA, Brown DM, Awh CC, et al. Sustained benefits from ranibizumab for macular edema following central retinal vein occlusion: twelve-month outcomes of a phase III study. Ophthalmology. 2011 Oct;118(10):2041-9. Abstract

32. Holz FG, Roider J, Ogura Y, et al. VEGF Trap-Eye for macular oedema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion: 6-month results of the phase III GALILEO study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2013 Mar;97(3):278-84.Full text  Abstract

33. Epstein DL, Algvere PV, von Wendt G, et al. Bevacizumab for macular edema in central retinal vein occlusion: a prospective, randomized, double-masked clinical study. Ophthalmology. 2012 Jun;119(6):1184-9.Full text  Abstract

34. Pai SA, Shetty R, Vijayan PB, et al. Clinical, anatomic, and electrophysiologic evaluation following intravitreal bevacizumab for macular edema in retinal vein occlusion. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007 Apr;143(4):601-6. Abstract

35. Priglinger SG, Wolf AH, Kreutzer TC, et al. Intravitreal bevacizumab injections for treatment of central retinal vein occlusion: six-month results of a prospective trial. Retina. 2007 Oct;27(8):1004-12. Abstract

36. Hsu J, Kaiser RS, Sivalingam A, et al. Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) in central retinal vein occlusion. Retina. 2007 Oct;27(8):1013-9. Abstract

37. Kriechbaum K, Michels S, Prager F, et al. Intravitreal Avastin for macular oedema secondary to retinal vein occlusion: a prospective study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2008 Apr;92(4):518-22. Abstract

38. Scott IU, VanVeldhuisen PC, Ip MS, et al; SCORE2 Investigator Group. Effect of bevacizumab vs aflibercept on visual acuity among patients with macular edema due to central retinal vein occlusion: the SCORE2 randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2017 May 23;317(20):2072-87.Full text  Abstract

39. Park CH, Jaffe GJ, Fekrat S. Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide in eyes with cystoid macular edema associated with central retinal vein occlusion. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003 Sep;136(3):419-25. Abstract

40. Ip MS, Gottlieb JL, Kahana A, et al. Intravitreal triamcinolone for the treatment of macular edema associated with central retinal vein occlusion. Arch Ophthalmol. 2004 Aug;122(8):1131-6. Abstract

41. Bashshur ZF, Ma'luf RN, Allam S, et al. Intravitreal triamcinolone for the management of macular edema due to nonischemic central retinal vein occlusion. Arch Ophthalmol. 2004 Aug;122(8):1137-40. Abstract

42. Williamson TH, O'Donnell A. Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for cystoid macular edema in nonischemic central retinal vein occlusion. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005 May;139(5):860-6. Abstract

43. Cekiç O, Chang S, Tseng JJ, et al. Intravitreal triamcinolone treatment for macular edema associated with central retinal vein occlusion and hemiretinal vein occlusion. Retina. 2005 Oct-Nov;25(7):846-50. Abstract

44. Gregori NZ, Rosenfeld PJ, Puliafito CA, et al. One-year safety and efficacy of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for the management of macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion. Retina. 2006 Oct;26(8):889-95. Abstract

45. Goff MJ, Jumper JM, Yang SS, et al. Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide treatment of macular edema associated with central retinal vein occlusion. Retina. 2006 Oct;26(8):896-901. Abstract

46. Ip MS, Scott IU, VanVeldhuisen PC, et al. A randomized trial comparing the efficacy and safety of intravitreal triamcinolone with observation to treat vision loss associated with macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion: the Standard Care vs Corticosteroid for Retinal Vein Occlusion (SCORE) study report 5. Arch Ophthalmol. 2009 Sep;127(9):1101-14. Abstract

47. Haller JA, Bandello F, Belfort R Jr, et al. Dexamethasone intravitreal implant in patients with macular edema related to branch or central retinal vein occlusion twelve-month study results. Ophthalmology. 2011 Dec;118(12):2453-60. Abstract

48. Gerding H, Monés J, Tadayoni R, et al. Ranibizumab in retinal vein occlusion: treatment recommendations by an expert panel. Br J Ophthalmol. 2015 Mar;99(3):297-304.Full text  Abstract

49. Hunter A, Williams M. Long-term outcomes for patients treated for macular oedema secondary to retinal vein occlusion: a systematic review. BMJ Open Ophthalmol. 2022 Jun;7(1):e001010.Full text  Abstract

50. Cornish EE, Zagora SL, Spooner K, et al. Management of macular oedema due to retinal vein occlusion: an evidence-based systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2023 May-Jun;51(4):313-38.Full text  Abstract

51. Ming S, Xie K, Yang M, et al. Comparison of intravitreal dexamethasone implant and anti-VEGF drugs in the treatment of retinal vein occlusion-induced oedema: a meta-analysis and systematic review. BMJ Open. 2020 Jun 28;10(6):e032128.Full text  Abstract

52. The Central Vein Occlusion Study Group. Evaluation of grid pattern photocoagulation for macular edema in central vein occlusion: the central vein occlusion study group M report. Ophthalmology. 1995 Oct;102(10):1425-33. Abstract

53. The Central Vein Occlusion Study Group. A randomized clinical trial of early panretinal photocoagulation for ischemic central retinal vein occlusion. The Central Vein Occlusion Study Group N report. Ophthalmology. 1995 Oct;102(10):1434-44. Abstract

54. Kahook MY, Schuman JS, Noecker RJ. Intravitreal bevacizumab in a patient with neovascular glaucoma. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging. 2006 Mar-Apr;37(2):144-6. Abstract

55. Iliev ME, Domig D, Wolf-Schnurrbursch U, et al. Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) in the treatment of neovascular glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 2006 Dec;142(6):1054-6. Abstract

56. Batioglu F, Astam N, Ozmert E. Rapid improvement of retinal and iris neovascularization after a single intravitreal bevacizumab injection in a patient with central retinal vein occlusion and neovascular glaucoma. Int Ophthalmol. 2008 Feb;28(1):59-61. Abstract

57. Yazdani S, Hendi K, Pakravan M. Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) injection for neovascular glaucoma. J Glaucoma. 2007 Aug;16(5):437-9. Abstract

58. Shalchi Z, Mahroo O, Bunce C, et al. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for macular oedema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Jul 7;7:CD009510.Full text  Abstract

59. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Aflibercept for treating visual impairment caused by macular oedema after branch retinal vein occlusion. Sep 2016 [internet publication].Full text

60. Brown DM, Campochiaro PA, Bhisitkul RB, et al. Sustained benefits from ranibizumab for macular edema following branch retinal vein occlusion: 12-month outcomes of a phase III study. Ophthalmology. 2011 Aug;118(8):1594-602. Abstract

61. Heier JS, Campochiaro PA, Yau L, et al. Ranibizumab for macular edema due to retinal vein occlusions: long-term follow-up in the HORIZON trial. Ophthalmology. 2012 Apr;119(4):802-9. Abstract

62. Yilmaz T, Cordero-Coma M. Use of bevacizumab for macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion: a systematic review. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2012 Jun;250(6):787-93. Abstract

63. Spandau U, Wickenhäuser A, Rensch F, et al. Intravitreal bevacizumab for branch retinal vein occlusion. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2007 Feb;85(1):118-9. Abstract

64. Rabena MD, Pieramici DJ, Castellarin AA, et al. Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) in the treatment of macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion. Retina. 2007 Apr-May;27(4):419-25. Abstract

65. Wu L, Arevalo JF, Roca JA, et al; Pan-American Collaborative Retina Study Group (PACORES). Comparison of two doses of intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) for treatment of macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion: results from the Pan-American Collaborative Retina Study Group at 6 months of follow-up. Retina. 2008 Feb;28(2):212-9. Abstract

66. Kreutzer TC, Alge CS, Wolf AH, et al. Intravitreal bevacizumab for the treatment of macular oedema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion. Br J Ophthalmol. 2008 Mar;92(3):351-5. Abstract

67. Scott IU, Ip MS, VanVeldhuisen PC, et al. A randomized trial comparing the efficacy and safety of intravitreal triamcinolone with standard care to treat vision loss associated with macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion: the Standard Care vs Corticosteroid for Retinal Vein Occlusion (SCORE) study report 6. Arch Ophthalmol. 2009 Sep;127(9):1115-28. Abstract

68. Branch Vein Occlusion Study Group. Argon laser scatter photocoagulation for prevention of neovascularization and vitreous hemorrhage in branch vein occlusion. A randomized clinical trial. Arch Ophthalmol. 1986 Jan;104(1):34-41. Abstract

69. The Branch Vein Occlusion Study Group. Argon laser photocoagulation for macular edema in branch vein occlusion. Am J Ophthalmol. 1984 Sep 15;98(3):271-82. Abstract

70. Tadayoni R, Waldstein SM, Boscia F, et al; BRIGHTER Study Group. Sustained benefits of ranibizumab with or without laser in branch retinal vein occlusion: 24-month results of the BRIGHTER study. Ophthalmology. 2017 Dec;124(12):1778-87.Full text  Abstract

71. Scott IU, Vanveldhuisen PC, Oden NL, et al; SCORE Study Investigator Group. Baseline characteristics and response to treatment of participants with hemiretinal compared with branch retinal or central retinal vein occlusion in the Standard Care vs COrticosteroid for REtinal Vein Occlusion (SCORE) Study: SCORE Study Report 14. Arch Ophthalmol. 2012 Dec;130(12):1517-24. Abstract

72. Pham B, Thomas SM, Lillie E, et al. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment for retinal conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2019 May 28;9(5):e022031.Full text  Abstract

73. Varma R, Bressler NM, Suñer I, et al; BRAVO and CRUISE Study Groups. Improved vision-related function after ranibizumab for macular edema after retinal vein occlusion: results from the BRAVO and CRUISE trials. Ophthalmology. 2012 Oct;119(10):2108-18. Abstract

74. Pournaras JA, Nguyen C, Vaudaux JD, et al. Treatment of central retinal vein occlusion-related macular edema with intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin): preliminary results. Klin Monastbl Augenheilkd. 2008 May;225(5):397-400. Abstract

75. Scott IU, VanVeldhuisen PC, Oden NL, et al. Month 60 outcomes after treatment initiation with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for macular edema due to central retinal or hemiretinal vein occlusion. Am J Ophthalmol. 2022 Aug;240:330-41.Full text  Abstract

76. Lynch SS, Cheng CM. Bevacizumab for neovascular ocular diseases. Ann Pharmacother. 2007 Apr;41(4):614-25. Abstract

77. Subramanian ML, Ness S, Abedi G, et al. Bevacizumab vs ranibizumab for age-related macular degeneration : early results of a prospective, double-masked, randomized clinical trial. Am J Ophthalmol. 2009 Dec;148(6):875-82.e1. Abstract

78. Stepien KE, Rosenfeld PJ, Puliafito CA, et al. Comparison of intravitreal bevacizumab followed by ranibizumab for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration. Retina. 2009 Sep;29(8):1067-73. Abstract

79. Martin DF, Maguire MG, Fine SL, et al; Comparison of Age-related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials (CATT) Research Group. Ranibizumab and bevacizumab for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration: two-year results. Ophthalmology. 2012 Jul;119(7):1388-98. Abstract

80. Landa G, Amde W, Doshi V, et al. Comparative study of intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) versus ranibizumab (Lucentis) in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmologica. 2009;223(6):370-5. Abstract

81. Chang TS, Kokame G, Casey R, et al. Short-term effectiveness of intravitreal bevacizumab versus ranibizumab injections for patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Retina. 2009 Oct;29(9):1235-41. Abstract

82. Clark WL, Boyer DS, Heier JS, et al. Intravitreal aflibercept for macular edema following branch retinal vein occlusion: 52-week results of the VIBRANT study. Ophthalmology. 2016 Feb;123(2):330-6. Abstract

83. Hykin P, Prevost AT, Sivaprasad S, et al. Intravitreal ranibizumab versus aflibercept versus bevacizumab for macular oedema due to central retinal vein occlusion: the LEAVO non-inferiority three-arm RCT. Health Technol Assess. 2021 Jun;25(38):1-196.Full text  Abstract

84. Gewaily D, Muthuswamy K, Greenberg PB. Intravitreal steroids versus observation for macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Sep 9;(9):CD007324.Full text  Abstract

85. ClinicalTrials.gov. The Standard care vs. Corticosteroid for REtinal vein occlusion (SCORE) study: two randomized trials to compare the efficacy and safety of intravitreal injection(s) of triamcinolone acetonide with standard care to treat macular edema (NCT00105027). Mar 2018 [internet publication].Full text

86. American Academy of Ophthalmology. The use of biosimilars in ophthalmic practice - 2022. Jan 2022 [internet publication].Full text

87. McAllister IL, Constable IJ. Laser-induced chorioretinal venous anastomosis for treatment of nonischemic central retinal vein occlusion. Arch Ophthalmol. 1995 Apr;113(4):456-62. Abstract

88. Fekrat S, Goldberg MF, Finkelstein D. Laser-induced chorioretinal venous anastomosis for nonischemic central or branch retinal vein occlusion. Arch Ophthalmol. 1998 Jan;116(1):43-52. Abstract

89. Opremcak EM, Bruce RA, Lomeo MD, et al. Radial optic neurotomy for central retinal vein occlusion: a retrospective pilot study of 11 consecutive cases. Retina. 2001;21(5):408-15. Abstract

90. Garcia-Arumii J, Boixadera A, Martinez-Castillo V, et al. Chorioretinal anastomosis after radial optic neurotomy for central retinal vein occlusion. Arch Ophthalmol. 2003 Oct;121(10):1385-91. Abstract

91. Weizer JS, Stinnett SS, Fekrat S. Radial optic neurotomy as treatment for central retinal vein occlusion. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003 Nov;136(5):814-9. Abstract

92. Elman MJ. Thrombolytic therapy for central retinal vein occlusion: results of a pilot study. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1996;94:471-504.Full text  Abstract

93. Glacet-Bernard A, Kuhn D, Vine AK, et al. Treatment of recent onset central retinal vein occlusion with intravitreal tissue plasminogen activator: a pilot study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2000 Jun;84(6):609-13.Full text  Abstract

94. Weiss JN. Treatment of central retinal vein occlusion by injection of tissue plasminogen activator into a retinal vein. Am J Ophthalmol. 1998 Jul;126(1):142-4. Abstract

95. Bynoe LA, Weiss JN. Retinal endovascular surgery and intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for central vein occlusion in young adults. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003 Mar;135(3):382-4. Abstract

96. Bynoe LA, Hutchins RK, Lazarus HS, et al. Retinal endovascular surgery for central retinal vein occlusion: initial experience of four surgeons. Retina. 2005 Jul-Aug;25(5):625-32. Abstract

97. Squizzato A, Manfredi E, Bozzato S, et al. Antithrombotic and fibrinolytic drugs for retinal vein occlusion: a systematic review and a call for action. Thromb Haemost. 2010 Feb;103(2):271-6. Abstract

98. Feltgen N, Junker B, Agostini H, et al. Retinal endovascular lysis in ischemic central retinal vein occlusion: one-year results of a pilot study. Ophthalmology. 2007 Apr;114(4):716-23. Abstract

99. ClinicalTrials.gov. A study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of faricimab in participants with macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BALATON)​. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04740905. Jul 2023 [internet publication].Full text

100. ClinicalTrials.gov. A study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of faricimab in participants with macular edema secondary to central retinal or hemiretinal vein occlusion (COMINO)​. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04740931.Aug 2023 [internet publication].Full text