References
Key articles
Goddard AF, James MW, McIntyre AS, et al; British Society of Gastroenterology. Guidelines for the management of iron deficiency anaemia. Gut. 2011 Oct;60(10):1309-16.Full text Abstract
Ko CW, Siddique SM, Patel A, et al. AGA clinical practice guidelines on the gastrointestinal evaluation of iron deficiency anemia. Gastroenterology. 2020 Sep;159(3):1085-94.Full text Abstract
Killick SB, Bown N, Cavenagh J, et al; British Society for Standards in Haematology. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of adult aplastic anaemia. Br J Haematol. 2016 Jan;172(2):187-207.Full text Abstract
Bain BJ, Daniel Y, Henthorn J, et al. Significant haemoglobinopathies: a guideline for screening and diagnosis. Br J Haematol. 2023 Jun;201(6):1047-65.Full text Abstract
Reference articles
1. World Health Organization. Worldwide prevalence of anaemia 1993-2005. 2008 [internet publication].Full text
2. Camaschella C. Iron-deficiency anemia. N Engl J Med. 2015 May 7;372(19):1832-43. Abstract
3. Thein M, Ershler WB, Artz AS, et al. Diminished quality of life and physical function in community-dwelling elderly with anemia. Medicine (Baltimore). 2009 Mar;88(2):107-14.Full text Abstract
4. Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Chapter 149: Approach to the anemias. In: Goldman-Cecil Medicine, 2-Volume Set. 26th ed. Elsevier; 2019.
5. Robertson JJ, Brem E, Koyfman A. The acute hemolytic anemias: the importance of emergency diagnosis and management. J Emerg Med. 2017 Apr 10;53(2):202-11. Abstract
6. Goddard AF, James MW, McIntyre AS, et al; British Society of Gastroenterology. Guidelines for the management of iron deficiency anaemia. Gut. 2011 Oct;60(10):1309-16.Full text Abstract
7. Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Chapter 150: Microcytic and hypochromic anemias. In: Goldman-Cecil Medicine, 2-Volume Set. 26th ed. Elsevier; 2019.
8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Second nutrition report 2012 ‘iron status and inflammation indicators’. 2012 [internet publication].Full text
9. Nagao T, Hirokawa M. Diagnosis and treatment of macrocytic anemias in adults. J Gen Fam Med. 2017 Oct;18(5):200-4.Full text Abstract
10. Ko CW, Siddique SM, Patel A, et al. AGA clinical practice guidelines on the gastrointestinal evaluation of iron deficiency anemia. Gastroenterology. 2020 Sep;159(3):1085-94.Full text Abstract
11. Loukas A, Hotez PJ, Diemert D, et al. Hookworm infection. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016 Dec 8;2:16088.Full text Abstract
12. Ganz T. Anemia of inflammation. N Engl J Med. 2019 Sep 19;381(12):1148-57. Abstract
13. Nemeth E, Ganz T. Regulation of iron metabolism by hepcidin. Annu Rev Nutr. 2006;26:323-42. Abstract
14. White CT, Barrett BJ, Madore F, et al; Canadian Society of Nephrology. Clinical practice guidelines for evaluation of anemia. Kidney Int Suppl. 2008 Aug;(110):S4-6.Full text Abstract
15. Sîrbu O, Floria M, Dascalita P, et al. Anemia in heart failure - from guidelines to controversies and challenges. Anatol J Cardiol. 2018 Jul;20(1):52-9.Full text Abstract
16. Dignass AU, Gasche C, Bettenworth D, et al. European consensus on the diagnosis and management of iron deficiency and anaemia in inflammatory bowel diseases. J Crohns Colitis. 2015 Mar;9(3):211-22.Full text Abstract
17. Kenar G, Köksoy EB, Ürün Y, et al. Prevalence, etiology and risk factors of anemia in patients with newly diagnosed cancer. Support Care Cancer. 2020 Nov;28(11):5235-5242.Full text Abstract
18. Wells RA, Buckstein R, Rezmovitz J. Myelodysplastic syndrome. CMAJ. 2016 Jul 12;188(10):751.Full text Abstract
19. Killick SB, Bown N, Cavenagh J, et al; British Society for Standards in Haematology. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of adult aplastic anaemia. Br J Haematol. 2016 Jan;172(2):187-207.Full text Abstract
20. Cheungpasitporn W, Thongprayoon C, Chiasakul T, et al. Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors linked to anemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. QJM. 2015 Nov;108(11):879-84.Full text Abstract
21. Brodsky RA. Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia. N Engl J Med. 2019 Aug 15;381(7):647-54. Abstract
22. Hill QA, Stamps R, Massey E, et al. The diagnosis and management of primary autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. Br J Haematol. 2016 Dec 22;176(3):395-411.Full text Abstract
24. Bain BJ, Daniel Y, Henthorn J, et al. Significant haemoglobinopathies: a guideline for screening and diagnosis. Br J Haematol. 2023 Jun;201(6):1047-65.Full text Abstract
25. Langlois S, Ford JC, Chitayat D, et al; CCMG Prenatal Diagnosis Committee; SOGC Genetic Committee. Carrier screening for thalassemia and hemoglobinopathies in Canada. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2008 Oct;30(10):950-9. Abstract
26. Beutler E. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: a historical perspective. Blood. 2008 Jan 1;111(1):16-24.Full text Abstract
28. Boral BM, Williams DJ, Boral LI. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation. Am J Clin Pathol. 2016 Dec;146(6):670-80.Full text Abstract
29. Chiao EY, Engels EA, Kramer JR, et al. Risk of immune thrombocytopenic purpura and autoimmune hemolytic anemia among 120 908 US veterans with hepatitis C virus infection. Arch Intern Med. 2009 Feb 23;169(4):357-63. Abstract
30. Joly BS, Coppo P, Veyradier A. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood. 2017 May 25;129(21):2836-46.Full text Abstract
31. Martinez J. Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. In: Beutler E, Lichtman MA, Coller BS, et al., eds. Williams hematology. 5th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 1995:669.
32. Alkhouli M, Farooq A, Go RS, et al. Cardiac prostheses-related hemolytic anemia. Clin Cardiol. 2019 Jul;42(7):692-700.Full text Abstract
33. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 95: anemia in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Jul;112(1):201-7. Abstract
34. Stevens GA, Finucane MM, De-Regil LM, et al. Global, regional, and national trends in haemoglobin concentration and prevalence of total and severe anaemia in children and pregnant and non-pregnant women for 1995-2011: a systematic analysis of population-representative data. Lancet Glob Health. 2013 Jul;1(1):e16-25.Full text Abstract
35. Pavord S, Daru J, Prasannan N, et al. UK guidelines on the management of iron deficiency in pregnancy. Br J Haematol. 2020 Mar;188(6):819-30.Full text Abstract
36. Rukuni R, Knight M, Murphy MF, et al. Screening for iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy: a structured review and gap analysis against UK national screening criteria. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2015 Oct 20;15:269.Full text Abstract
37. Smith JW, Gamelli RL, Shankar R. Hematologic, hematopoietic and acute phase responses. In: Herndon DN, ed. Total burn care. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders-Elsevier; 2007:325-42.
38. Koch CG, Li L, Sun Z, et al. Hospital-acquired anemia: prevalence, outcomes, and healthcare implications. J Hosp Med. 2013 Sep;8(9):506-12. Abstract
39. Carson JL, Guyatt G, Heddle NM, et al. Clinical practice guidelines from the AABB: red blood cell transfusion thresholds and storage. JAMA. 2016 Nov 15;316(19):2025-35. Abstract
40. American College of Surgeons. Advanced trauma life support student course manual, 10th edition. Chicago IL; 2018.
41. Napolitano LM, Cohen MJ, Cotton BA, et al. Tranexamic acid in trauma: how should we use it? J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2013 Jun;74(6):1575-86. Abstract
42. Spahn DR, Bouillon B, Cerny V, et al. The European guideline on management of major bleeding and coagulopathy following trauma: fifth edition. Crit Care. 2019 Mar 27;23(1):98.Full text Abstract
43. Zarychanski R, Abou-Setta AM, Turgeon AF, et al. Association of hydroxyethyl starch administration with mortality and acute kidney injury in critically ill patients requiring volume resuscitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2013 Feb 20;309(7):678-88. [Erratum in: JAMA. 2013 Mar 27;309(12):1229.] Abstract
44. Lewis SR, Pritchard MW, Evans DJ, et al. Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Aug 3;8:CD000567.Full text Abstract
45. Food and Drug Administration. Labeling changes on mortality, kidney injury, and excess bleeding with hydroxyethyl starch products. Jul 2021 [internet publication].Full text
46. European Medicines Agency. PRAC recommends suspending hydroxyethyl-starch solutions for infusion from the market. Feb 2022 [internet publication].Full text
47. British National Formulary. Folic acid indications and doses.Full text
48. Samarasinghe S, Veys P, Vora A, et al. Paediatric amendment to adult BSH Guidelines for aplastic anaemia. Br J Haematol. 2018 Jan;180(2):201-5.Full text Abstract
49. Palamidessi N, Sinert R, Falzon L, et al. Nasogastric aspiration and lavage in emergency department patients with hematochezia or melena without hematemesis. Acad Emerg Med. 2010 Feb;17(2):126-32.Full text Abstract
50. Gralnek IM, Dumonceau JM, Kuipers EJ, et al. Diagnosis and management of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) guideline. Endoscopy. 2015 Oct;47(10):a1-46.Full text Abstract
51. Enns RA, Hookey L, Armstrong D, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the use of video capsule endoscopy. Gastroenterology. 2017 Jan 4;152(3):497-514.Full text Abstract
52. Leung AKC, Hon KL. Pica: A common condition that is commonly missed - An update review. Curr Pediatr Rev. 2019;15(3):164-169.Full text Abstract
53. Johansson K, Svensson PA, Söderling J, et al. Long-term risk of anaemia after bariatric surgery: results from the Swedish Obese Subjects study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021 Aug;9(8):515-524.Full text Abstract
54. DeLoughery TG. Microcytic anemia. N Engl J Med. 2014 Oct 2;371(14):1324-31. Abstract
55. Chowdhury ATMD, Longcroft-Wheaton G, Davis A, et al. Role of faecal occult bloods in the diagnosis of iron deficiency anaemia. Frontline Gastroenterol. 2014 Oct;5(4):231-36.Full text Abstract
56. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK). Suspected cancer: recognition and referral. Aug 2023 [internet publication].Full text
57. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Quantitative faecal immunochemical testing to guide colorectal cancer pathway referral in primary care. Aug 2023 [internet publication].Full text
58. Rex DK, Boland CR, Dominitz JA, et al. Colorectal cancer screening: recommendations for physicians and patients from the US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017 Jul;112(7):1016-30.Full text Abstract
59. Public Health England (UK). Helicobacter pylori in dyspepsia: test and treat. Sep 2019 [internet publication].Full text
60. Kelly AU, McSorley ST, Patel P, et al. Interpreting iron studies. BMJ. 2017 Jun 15;357:j2513. [Erratum in: BMJ. 2017 Jun 29;357:j3175.]Full text Abstract
61. Finch CA, Bellotti V, Stray S, et al. Plasma ferritin determination as a diagnostic tool. West J Med. 1986 Nov;145(5):657-63.Full text Abstract
62. Mentzer WC Jr. Differentiation of iron deficiency from thalassaemia trait. Lancet. 1973 Apr 21;1(7808):882. Abstract
63. Hoffmann JJ, Urrechaga E, Aguirre U. Discriminant indices for distinguishing thalassemia and iron deficiency in patients with microcytic anemia: a meta-analysis. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2015 Nov;53(12):1883-94.Full text Abstract
64. Aydogan G, Keskin S, Akici F, et al. Causes of hypochromic microcytic anemia in children and evaluation of laboratory parameters in the differentiation. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2019 May;41(4):e221-e223.Full text Abstract
65. Rodgers GM 3rd, Becker PS, Bennett CL, et al. Cancer- and chemotherapy-induced anemia. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2008 Jul;6(6):536-64. Abstract
66. Karpman D, Loos S, Tati R, et al. Haemolytic uraemic syndrome. J Intern Med. 2017 Feb;281(2):123-48.Full text Abstract
67. Collins AB, Pawlak R. Prevalence of vitamin B-12 deficiency among patients with thyroid dysfunction. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2016;25(2):221-6.Full text Abstract
68. Sukumar N, Saravanan P. Investigating vitamin B12 deficiency. BMJ. 2019 May 10;365:l1865.Full text Abstract
69. Ashton JJ, Smith R, Smith T, et al. Investigating coeliac disease in adults. BMJ. 2020 Jun 17;369:m2176.Full text Abstract
70. Grobbee EJ, Wisse PHA, Schreuders EH, et al. Guaiac-based faecal occult blood tests versus faecal immunochemical tests for colorectal cancer screening in average-risk individuals. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Jun 6;6(6):CD009276.Full text Abstract
71. Mohamed M, Thio J, Thomas RS, et al. Pernicious anaemia. BMJ. 2020 Apr 24;369:m1319.Full text Abstract
72. Cazzola M. Myelodysplastic Syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2020 Oct 1;383(14):1358-1374.Full text Abstract
73. Aronson N, Herwaldt BL, Libman M, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of leishmaniasis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH). Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Dec 15;63(12):1539-57.Full text Abstract
74. Reithinger R, Dujardin JC. Molecular diagnosis of leishmaniasis: current status and future applications. J Clin Microbiol. 2007 Jan;45(1):21-5.Full text Abstract
75. Kager PA, Rees PH. Splenic aspiration. Review of the literature. Trop Geogr Med. 1983 Jun;35(2):111-24. Abstract
Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer