Toxic ingestions in children

Hoffman RS, Burns MM, Gosselin S. Ingestion of caustic substances. N Engl J Med. 2020 Apr 30;382(18):1739-48.

McKay C. Can the laboratory help me? Toxicology laboratory testing in the possibly poisoned pediatric patient. Clin Pedi EM. 2005;6:116-22.

Dart RC, Goldfrank LR, Erstad BL, et al. Expert consensus guidelines for stocking of antidotes in hospitals that provide emergency care. Ann Emerg Med. 2018 Mar;71(3):314-25.e1.Full text  Abstract

Royal College of Emergency Medicine. College of Emergency Medicine and National Poisons Information Service guideline on antidote availability for emergency departments, 2021 update. Dec 2021 [internet publication].Full text

American Academy of Clinical Toxicology, European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. Position paper: single-dose activated charcoal. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2005;43(2):61-87.Full text  Abstract

1. American Association of Poison Control Centers. 2021 poison center data snapshot: overview of the 39th annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS). 2021 [internet publication].Full text

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9. Barceloux DG, Bond GR, Krenzelok EP, et al. American Academy of Clinical Toxicology practice guidelines on the treatment of methanol poisoning. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2002;40(4):415-46. Abstract

10. McQuade DJ, Dargan PI, Wood DM. Challenges in the diagnosis of ethylene glycol poisoning. Ann Clin Biochem. 2014 Mar;51(pt 2):167-78.Full text  Abstract

11. Slaughter RJ, Mason RW, Beasley DM, et al. Isopropanol poisoning. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2014 Jun;52(5):470-8. Abstract

12. Hoffman RS, Burns MM, Gosselin S. Ingestion of caustic substances. N Engl J Med. 2020 Apr 30;382(18):1739-48.

13. Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne. Foreign body ingestion. Apr 2020 [internet publication].Full text

14. Gurevich Y, Sahn B, Weinstein T. Foreign body ingestion in pediatric patients. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2018 Oct;30(5):677-82. Abstract

15. National Health Service England. News: NHS surgeons safety plea after surge in kids swallowing dangerous objects. Dec 2022 [internet publication].Full text

16. McNeill IR, Isoardi KZ. Barium poisoning: an uncommon cause of severe hypokalemia. Toxicology Communications. 2019 Jan 1;3(1):88-90.Full text

17. Tenenbein M. Toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of iron poisoning. Toxicol Lett. 1998 Dec 28;102-103:653-6. Abstract

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20. Buckley NA, Dawson AH, Isbister GK. Serotonin syndrome. BMJ. 2014 Feb 19;348:g1626.

21. Sessler CN. Theophylline toxicity: clinical features of 116 consecutive cases. Am J Med. 1990 Jun;88(6):567-76. Abstract

22. Santos C, Kieszak S, Wang A, et al. Reported adverse health effects in children from ingestion of alcohol-based hand sanitizers - United States, 2011-2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017 Mar 3;66(8):223-6. Abstract

23. American Association of Poison Control Centers. American Association of Poison Control Centers warn about potential poison exposure to single-load laundry packets. Jan 2018 [internet publication].Full text

24. Day R, Bradberry SM, Jackson G, et al. A review of 4652 exposures to liquid laundry detergent capsules reported to the United Kingdom National Poisons Information Service 2008-2018. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2019 Dec;57(12):1146-53.Full text  Abstract

25. McKay C. Can the laboratory help me? Toxicology laboratory testing in the possibly poisoned pediatric patient. Clin Pedi EM. 2005;6:116-22.

26. Isbister GK, Prior F, Kilham HA. Restricting cough and cold medicines in children. J Paediatr Child Health. 2012 Feb;48(2):91-8. Abstract

27. Halmo LS, Wang GS, Reynolds KM, et al. Pediatric fatalities associated with over-the-counter cough and cold medications. Pediatrics. 2021 Nov;148(5):e2020049536.Full text  Abstract

28. Rumack BH, Peterson RC, Koch GG, et al. Acetaminophen overdose: 662 cases with evaluation of oral acetylcysteine treatment. Arch Intern Med. 1981 Feb 23;141(3 Spec No):380-5. Abstract

29. Rumack BH, Matthew H. Acetaminophen poisoning and toxicity. Pediatrics. 1975 Jun;55(6):871-6. Abstract

30. Wu AH, McKay C, Broussard LA, et al. National academy of clinical biochemistry laboratory medicine practice guidelines: recommendations for the use of laboratory tests to support poisoned patients who present to the emergency department. Clin Chem. 2003 Mar;49(3):357-79.Full text  Abstract

31. Dart RC, Goldfrank LR, Erstad BL, et al. Expert consensus guidelines for stocking of antidotes in hospitals that provide emergency care. Ann Emerg Med. 2018 Mar;71(3):314-25.e1.Full text  Abstract

32. Royal College of Emergency Medicine. College of Emergency Medicine and National Poisons Information Service guideline on antidote availability for emergency departments, 2021 update. Dec 2021 [internet publication].Full text

33. Eldridge DL, Van Eyk J, Kornegay C. Pediatric toxicology. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2007 May;25(2):283-308. Abstract

34. Rodgers GC Jr, Ross MP. Intensive care of pediatric poisoning patients. In: Brent J, Wallace KL, Burkhart KK, et al, eds. Critical care toxicology. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Mosby; 2005:103-22.

35. Tenenbein M. Recent advances in pediatric toxicology. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1999 Dec;46(6):1179-88. Abstract

36. McIntosh GC, Katcher ML. Pediatric poisonings: know what kills. AAP Grand Rounds. 2005;13:22-3.Full text

37. Michael JB, Sztajnkrycer MD. Deadly pediatric poisons: nine common agents that kill at low doses. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2004 Nov;22(4):1019-50. Abstract

38. Ross JA, Eldridge DL. Pediatric toxicology. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2022 May;40(2):237-50. Abstract

39. American Academy of Clinical Toxicology, European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. Position paper: single-dose activated charcoal. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2005;43(2):61-87.Full text  Abstract

40. Eddleston M, Juszczak E, Buckley NA, et al; Ox-Col Poisoning Study collaborators. Multiple-dose activated charcoal in acute self-poisoning: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008 Feb 16;371(9612):579-87. Abstract

41. Thanacoody R, Caravati EM, Troutman B, et al; American Academy of Clinical Toxicology, European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. Position paper update: whole bowel irrigation for gastrointestinal decontamination of overdose patients. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2015 Jan;53(1):5-12.Full text  Abstract

42. Benson BE, Hoppu K, Troutman WG, et al; American Academy of Clinical Toxicology, European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. Position paper update: gastric lavage for gastrointestinal decontamination. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2013 Mar;51(3):140-6.Full text  Abstract

43. Höjer J, Troutman WG, Hoppu K, et al; American Academy of Clinical Toxicology, European Association of Poison Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. Position paper update: ipecac syrup for gastrointestinal decontamination. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2013 Mar;51(3):134-9.Full text  Abstract

44. American Academy of Clinical Toxicology, European Association of Poisons Control Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. Position paper: cathartics. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2004;42(3):243-53.Full text  Abstract

45. Marraffa JM, Cohen V, Howland MA. Antidotes for toxicological emergencies: a practical review. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2012 Feb 1;69(3):199-212. Abstract

46. Dart RC, Rumack BH. Patient-tailored acetylcysteine administration. Ann Emerg Med. 2007 Sep;50(3):280-1. Abstract

47. Heard KJ. Acetylcysteine for acetaminophen poisoning. N Engl J Med. 2008 Jul 17;359(3):285-92.Full text  Abstract

48. American College of Medical Toxicology. ACMT position statement: duration of intravenous acetylcysteine therapy following acetaminophen overdose. J Med Toxicol. 2017 Mar;13(1):126-7.Full text  Abstract

49. Boyer EW, Duic PA, Evan A. Hyperinsulinemia/euglycemia therapy for calcium channel blocker poisoning. Pediatric Emerg Care. 2002 Feb;18(1):36-7. Abstract

50. Di Grande A, Giuffrida C, Narbone G, et al. Management of sodium-channel blocker poisoning: the role of hypertonic sodium salts. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2010 Jan;14(1):25-30.Full text  Abstract

51. Palmer BF, Clegg DJ. Salicylate toxicity. N Engl J Med. 2020 Jun 25;382(26):2544-55.

52. Brent J. Fomepizole for the treatment of pediatric ethylene and diethylene glycol, butoxyethanol, and methanol poisonings. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2010 Jun;48(5):401-6. Abstract

53. Roberts DM, Aaron CK. Management of acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning. BMJ. 2007 Mar 24;334(7594):629-34.Full text  Abstract

54. Thomas C, Svehla L, Moffett BS. Sodium-nitroprusside-induced cyanide toxicity in pediatric patients. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2009 Sep;8(5):599-602. Abstract

55. Shepherd G, Velez LI. Role of hydroxocobalamin in acute cyanide poisoning. Ann Pharmacother. 2008 May;42(5):661-9. Abstract

56. Lheureux PE, Zahir S, Penaloza A, et al. Bench-to-bedside review: antidotal treatment of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycaemia with octreotide. Crit Care. 2005;9(6):543-9.Full text  Abstract

57. American College of Medical Toxicology. ACMT position statement: interim guidance for the use of lipid resuscitation therapy. J Med Toxicol. 2011 Mar;7(1):81-2.Full text

58. Gosselin S, Hoegberg LC, Hoffman RS, et al. Evidence-based recommendations on the use of intravenous lipid emulsion therapy in poisoning. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2016 Dec;54(10):899-923.Full text  Abstract

59. Baydala L; Canadian Paediatric Society. Position statement: inhalant abuse. Paediatr Child Health. 2010 Sep;15(7):443-54.Full text  Abstract

60. Proudfoot AT, Krenzelok EP, Vale JA; American Academy of Clinical Toxicology, European Association of Poisons Control Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. Position paper on urine alkalinization. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2004;42(1):1-26.Full text  Abstract

61. American Academy of Clinical Toxicology, European Association of Poisons Control Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. Position statement and practice guidelines on the use of multi-dose activated charcoal in the treatment of acute poisoning. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1999;37(6):731-51.Full text  Abstract

62. Al-Taweel D, Koshy S, Al-Ansari S, et al. Expert consensus for a national essential antidote list: e-Delphi method. PLoS One. 2022 Jun 16;17(6):e0269456.Full text  Abstract

63. World Health Organization. World report on child injury prevention. 2008 [internet publication].Full text