Toxic ingestions in children

Hoffman RS, Burns MM, Gosselin S. Ingestion of caustic substances. N Engl J Med. 2020 Apr 30;382(18):1739-48.

McKay C. Can the laboratory help me? Toxicology laboratory testing in the possibly poisoned pediatric patient. Clin Pedi EM. 2005;6:116-22.

Dart RC, Goldfrank LR, Erstad BL, et al. Expert consensus guidelines for stocking of antidotes in hospitals that provide emergency care. Ann Emerg Med. 2018 Mar;71(3):314-25.e1.Full text  Abstract

Royal College of Emergency Medicine. College of Emergency Medicine and National Poisons Information Service guideline on antidote availability for emergency departments, 2021 update. Dec 2021 [internet publication].Full text

American Academy of Clinical Toxicology, European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. Position paper: single-dose activated charcoal. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2005;43(2):61-87.Full text  Abstract

1. American Association of Poison Control Centers. 2021 poison center data snapshot: overview of the 39th annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS). 2021 [internet publication].Full text

2. Gummin DD, Mowry JB, Beuhler MC, et al. 2021 annual report of the National Poison Data System (NPDS) from American's Poison Centers: 39th annual report. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2023 Jan;60(12):1381-643.Full text  Abstract

3. Exner CJ, Ayala GU. Organophosphate and carbamate intoxication in La Paz, Bolivia. J Emerg Med. 2009 May;36(4):348-52. Abstract

4. Chen YJ, Wu ML, Deng JF, et al. The epidemiology of glyphosate-surfactant herbicide poisoning in Taiwan, 1986-2007: a poison center study. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2009 Aug;47(7):670-7. Abstract

5. Murali R, Bhalla A, Singh D, Singh S. Acute pesticide poisoning: 15 years experience of a large North-West Indian hospital. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2009 Jan;47(1):35-8. Abstract

6. Ghazinour M, Emami H, Richter J, et al. Age and gender differences in the use of various poisoning methods for deliberate parasuicide cases admitted to Loghman hospital in Tehran (2000-2004). Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2009 Apr;39(2):231-9. Abstract

7. Siddiqui EU, Razzak JA, Naz F, et al. Factors associated with hydrocarbon ingestion in children. J Pak Med Assoc. 2008 Nov;58(11):608-12. Abstract

8. Kohli U, Kuttiat VS, Lodha R, et al. Profile of childhood poisoning at a tertiary care centre in North India. Indian J Pediatr. 2008 Aug;75(8):791-4. Abstract

9. Lee J, Fan NC, Yao TC, et al. Clinical spectrum of acute poisoning in children admitted to the pediatric emergency department. Pediatr Neonatol. 2019 Feb;60(1):59-67.Full text  Abstract

10. Pilgrim JL, Jenkins EL, Baber Y, et al. Fatal acute poisonings in Australian children (2003-13). Addiction. 2017 Apr;112(4):627-639.Full text  Abstract

11. Gillies D, Christou MA, Dixon AC, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of self-harm in adolescents: meta-analyses of community-based studies 1990-2015. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2018 Oct;57(10):733-41. Abstract

12. Gupte G L. Management of paracetamol overdose. Paediatr Child Health. 2016 Oct;26(10):459-63.

13. Hall AH, Smolinske SC, Conrad FL, et al. Ibuprofen overdose: 126 cases. Ann Emerg Med. 1986 Nov;15(11):1308-13. Abstract

14. O'Malley GF. Emergency department management of the salicylate-poisoned patient. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2007 May;25(2):333-46; abstract viii. Abstract

15. Williams RH, Erickson T. Emergency diagnosis of opioid intoxication. Lab Med. 2000 Jun 1;31(6):334-42.Full text

16. Namba T. Cholinesterase inhibition by organophosphorus compounds and its clinical effects. Bull World Health Organ. 1971;44(1-3):289-307. Abstract

17. Barceloux DG, Bond GR, Krenzelok EP, et al. American Academy of Clinical Toxicology practice guidelines on the treatment of methanol poisoning. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2002;40(4):415-46. Abstract

18. McQuade DJ, Dargan PI, Wood DM. Challenges in the diagnosis of ethylene glycol poisoning. Ann Clin Biochem. 2014 Mar;51(pt 2):167-78.Full text  Abstract

19. Slaughter RJ, Mason RW, Beasley DM, et al. Isopropanol poisoning. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2014 Jun;52(5):470-8. Abstract

20. Hoffman RS, Burns MM, Gosselin S. Ingestion of caustic substances. N Engl J Med. 2020 Apr 30;382(18):1739-48.

21. Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne. Foreign body ingestion. Apr 2020 [internet publication].Full text

22. Gurevich Y, Sahn B, Weinstein T. Foreign body ingestion in pediatric patients. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2018 Oct;30(5):677-82. Abstract

23. National Health Service England. News: NHS surgeons safety plea after surge in kids swallowing dangerous objects. Dec 2022 [internet publication].Full text

24. McNeill IR, Isoardi KZ. Barium poisoning: an uncommon cause of severe hypokalemia. Toxicology Communications. 2019 Jan 1;3(1):88-90.Full text

25. Tenenbein M. Toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of iron poisoning. Toxicol Lett. 1998 Dec 28;102-103:653-6. Abstract

26. Zaremba M, Serafin P, Kleczkowska P. Antipsychotic drugs efficacy in dextromethorphan-induced psychosis. Biomedicines. 2023 Jan 3;11(1):123.Full text  Abstract

27. Beasley DM, Glass WI. Cyanide poisoning: pathophysiology and treatment recommendations. Occup Med (Lond). 1998 Oct;48(7):427-31.Full text  Abstract

28. Buckley NA, Dawson AH, Isbister GK. Serotonin syndrome. BMJ. 2014 Feb 19;348:g1626.

29. Sessler CN. Theophylline toxicity: clinical features of 116 consecutive cases. Am J Med. 1990 Jun;88(6):567-76. Abstract

30. Santos C, Kieszak S, Wang A, et al. Reported adverse health effects in children from ingestion of alcohol-based hand sanitizers - United States, 2011-2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017 Mar 3;66(8):223-6. Abstract

31. American Association of Poison Control Centers. American Association of Poison Control Centers warn about potential poison exposure to single-load laundry packets. Jan 2018 [internet publication].Full text

32. Day R, Bradberry SM, Jackson G, et al. A review of 4652 exposures to liquid laundry detergent capsules reported to the United Kingdom National Poisons Information Service 2008-2018. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2019 Dec;57(12):1146-1153.Full text  Abstract

33. McKay C. Can the laboratory help me? Toxicology laboratory testing in the possibly poisoned pediatric patient. Clin Pedi EM. 2005;6:116-22.

34. Isbister GK, Prior F, Kilham HA. Restricting cough and cold medicines in children. J Paediatr Child Health. 2012 Feb;48(2):91-8. Abstract

35. Halmo LS, Wang GS, Reynolds KM, et al. Pediatric fatalities associated with over-the-counter cough and cold medications. Pediatrics. 2021 Nov;148(5):e2020049536.Full text  Abstract

36. Rumack BH, Peterson RC, Koch GG, et al. Acetaminophen overdose: 662 cases with evaluation of oral acetylcysteine treatment. Arch Intern Med. 1981 Feb 23;141(3 Spec No):380-5. Abstract

37. Rumack BH, Matthew H. Acetaminophen poisoning and toxicity. Pediatrics. 1975 Jun;55(6):871-6. Abstract

38. Dart RC, Goldfrank LR, Erstad BL, et al. Expert consensus guidelines for stocking of antidotes in hospitals that provide emergency care. Ann Emerg Med. 2018 Mar;71(3):314-25.e1.Full text  Abstract

39. Royal College of Emergency Medicine. College of Emergency Medicine and National Poisons Information Service guideline on antidote availability for emergency departments, 2021 update. Dec 2021 [internet publication].Full text

40. Eldridge DL, Van Eyk J, Kornegay C. Pediatric toxicology. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2007 May;25(2):283-308. Abstract

41. Rodgers GC Jr, Ross MP. Intensive care of pediatric poisoning patients. In: Brent J, Wallace KL, Burkhart KK, et al, eds. Critical care toxicology. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Mosby; 2005:103-22.

42. Tenenbein M. Recent advances in pediatric toxicology. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1999 Dec;46(6):1179-88. Abstract

43. McIntosh GC, Katcher ML. Pediatric poisonings: know what kills. AAP Grand Rounds. 2005;13:22-3.Full text

44. Michael JB, Sztajnkrycer MD. Deadly pediatric poisons: nine common agents that kill at low doses. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2004 Nov;22(4):1019-50. Abstract

45. Ross JA, Eldridge DL. Pediatric toxicology. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2022 May;40(2):237-50. Abstract

46. American Academy of Clinical Toxicology, European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. Position paper: single-dose activated charcoal. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2005;43(2):61-87.Full text  Abstract

47. Eddleston M, Juszczak E, Buckley NA, et al; Ox-Col Poisoning Study collaborators. Multiple-dose activated charcoal in acute self-poisoning: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008 Feb 16;371(9612):579-87. Abstract

48. Thanacoody R, Caravati EM, Troutman B, et al; American Academy of Clinical Toxicology, European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. Position paper update: whole bowel irrigation for gastrointestinal decontamination of overdose patients. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2015 Jan;53(1):5-12.Full text  Abstract

49. Benson BE, Hoppu K, Troutman WG, et al; American Academy of Clinical Toxicology, European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. Position paper update: gastric lavage for gastrointestinal decontamination. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2013 Mar;51(3):140-6.Full text  Abstract

50. Höjer J, Troutman WG, Hoppu K, et al; American Academy of Clinical Toxicology, European Association of Poison Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. Position paper update: ipecac syrup for gastrointestinal decontamination. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2013 Mar;51(3):134-9.Full text  Abstract

51. American Academy of Clinical Toxicology, European Association of Poisons Control Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. Position paper: cathartics. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2004;42(3):243-53.Full text  Abstract

52. Marraffa JM, Cohen V, Howland MA. Antidotes for toxicological emergencies: a practical review. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2012 Feb 1;69(3):199-212. Abstract

53. Dart RC, Rumack BH. Patient-tailored acetylcysteine administration. Ann Emerg Med. 2007 Sep;50(3):280-1. Abstract

54. Heard KJ. Acetylcysteine for acetaminophen poisoning. N Engl J Med. 2008 Jul 17;359(3):285-92.Full text  Abstract

55. American College of Medical Toxicology. ACMT position statement: duration of intravenous acetylcysteine therapy following acetaminophen overdose. J Med Toxicol. 2017 Mar;13(1):126-7.Full text  Abstract

56. Boyer EW, Duic PA, Evan A. Hyperinsulinemia/euglycemia therapy for calcium channel blocker poisoning. Pediatric Emerg Care. 2002 Feb;18(1):36-7. Abstract

57. Di Grande A, Giuffrida C, Narbone G, et al. Management of sodium-channel blocker poisoning: the role of hypertonic sodium salts. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2010 Jan;14(1):25-30. Abstract

58. Palmer BF, Clegg DJ. Salicylate toxicity. N Engl J Med. 2020 Jun 25;382(26):2544-55.

59. Brent J. Fomepizole for the treatment of pediatric ethylene and diethylene glycol, butoxyethanol, and methanol poisonings. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2010 Jun;48(5):401-6. Abstract

60. Roberts DM, Aaron CK. Management of acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning. BMJ. 2007 Mar 24;334(7594):629-34.Full text  Abstract

61. Thomas C, Svehla L, Moffett BS. Sodium-nitroprusside-induced cyanide toxicity in pediatric patients. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2009 Sep;8(5):599-602. Abstract

62. Shepherd G, Velez LI. Role of hydroxocobalamin in acute cyanide poisoning. Ann Pharmacother. 2008 May;42(5):661-9. Abstract

63. Lheureux PE, Zahir S, Penaloza A, et al. Bench-to-bedside review: antidotal treatment of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycaemia with octreotide. Crit Care. 2005;9(6):543-9.Full text  Abstract

64. American Academy of Clinical Toxicology: recommendationsFull text

65. American College of Medical Toxicology. ACMT position statement: interim guidance for the use of lipid resuscitation therapy. J Med Toxicol. 2011 Mar;7(1):81-2.Full text

66. Gosselin S, Hoegberg LC, Hoffman RS, et al. Evidence-based recommendations on the use of intravenous lipid emulsion therapy in poisoning. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2016 Dec;54(10):899-923.Full text  Abstract

67. World Health Organization. World report on child injury prevention. 2008 [internet publication].Full text