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Callaghan TM, Wilhelm KP. A review of ageing and an examination of clinical methods in the assessment of ageing skin. Part 2: clinical perspectives and clinical methods in the evaluation of ageing skin. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2008 Oct;30(5):323-32. Abstract

Ogden S, Griffiths TW. A review of minimally invasive cosmetic procedures. Br J Dermatol. 2008 Nov;159(5):1036-50. Abstract

Klein AW. Techniques for soft tissue augmentation: an 'A to Z'. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2006;7(2):107-20. Abstract

Papadavid E, Katsambas A. Lasers for facial rejuvenation: a review. Int J Dermatol. 2003 Jun;42(6):480-7. Abstract

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3. Nouveau-Richard S, Yang Z, Mac-Mary S, et al. Skin ageing: a comparison between Chinese and European populations: a pilot study. J Dermatol Sci. 2005 Dec;40(3):187-93. Abstract

4. Fitzpatrick TB. The validity and practicality of sun-reactive skin types I through VI. Arch Dermatol. 1988 Jun;124(6):869-71. Abstract

5. Zimbler MS, Kokoska MS, Thomas JR. Anatomy and pathophysiology of facial aging. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2001 May;9(2):179-87. Abstract

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9. Lehmann A. Ageing: repair and transcription keep us from premature ageing. Curr Biol. 2002 Aug 20;12(16):R550-1.Full text  Abstract

10. Stratigos AJ, Katsambas AD. The role of topical retinoids in the treatment of photoaging. Drugs. 2005;65(8):1061-72. Abstract

11. Just M, Ribera M, Monso E, et al. Effect of smoking on skin elastic fibres: morphometric and immunohistochemical analysis. Br J Dermatol. 2007 Jan;156(1):85-91. Abstract

12. Helfrich YR, Yu L, Ofori A, et al. Effect of smoking on aging of photoprotected skin: evidence gathered using a new photonumeric scale. Arch Dermatol. 2007 Mar;143(3):397-402.Full text  Abstract

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14. Fenske NA, Lober CW. Structural and functional changes of normal aging skin. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1986 Oct;15(4 Pt 1):571-85. Abstract

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16. Bhawan J, Andersen W, Lee J, et al. Photoaging versus intrinsic aging: a morphologic assessment of facial skin. J Cutan Pathol. 1995 Apr;22(2):154-9. Abstract

17. Rees TD, Aston SJ, Thorne CH. Blepharoplasty and facialplasty. In: McCarthy J, ed. Plastic surgery. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 1990:2320-2414.

18. Rabe JH, Mamelak AJ, McElgunn PJ, et al. Photoaging: mechanisms and repair. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006 Jul;55(1):1-19. Abstract

19. Callaghan TM, Wilhelm KP. A review of ageing and an examination of clinical methods in the assessment of ageing skin. Part 1: Cellular and molecular perspectives of skin ageing. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2008 Oct;30(5):313-22. Abstract

20. Knuutinen A, Kokkonen N, Risteli J, et al. Smoking affects collagen synthesis and extracellular matrix turnover in human skin. Br J Dermatol. 2002 Apr;146(4):588-94. Abstract

21. Raitio A, Tuomas H, Kokkonen N, et al. Levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2, -9 and -8 in the skin, serum and saliva of smokers and non-smokers. Arch Dermatol Res. 2005 Dec;297(6):242-8. Abstract

22. Richardson D. Effects of tobacco smoke inhalation on capillary blood flow in human skin. Arch Environ Health. 1987 Jan-Feb;42(1):19-25. Abstract

23. Joffe I. Cigarette smoking and facial wrinkling. Ann Intern Med. 1991 Oct 15;115(8):659-60. Abstract

24. Demierre MF, Brooks D, Koh HK, et al. Public knowledge, awareness and perceptions of the association between skin aging and smoking. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1999 Jul;41(1):27-30. Abstract

25. Landau M. Exogenous factors in skin aging. Curr Probl Dermatol. 2007;35:1-13. Abstract

26. Freiman A, Bird G, Metelitsa AI, et al. Cutaneous effects of smoking. J Cutan Med Surg. 2004 Nov-Dec;8(6):415-23. Abstract

27. Kadunce DP, Burr R, Gress R. Cigarette smoking: risk factor for premature facial wrinkling. Ann Intern Med. 1991 May 15;114(10):840-4. Abstract

28. Koh JS. Cigarette smoking associated with premature facial wrinkling: image analysis of facial skin replicas. Int J Dermatol. 2002 Jan;41(1):21-7. Abstract

29. Rexbye H, Petersen I, Johansens M, et al. Influence of environmental factors on facial ageing. Age Ageing. 2006 Mar;35(2):110-5.Full text  Abstract

30. Alexiades-Armenakas M. Rhytides, laxity, and photoaging treated with a combination of radiofrequency, diode laser, and pulsed light and assessed with a comprehensive grading scale. J Drugs Dermatol. 2006 Sep;5(8):731-8. Abstract

31. Lemperle G, Holmes RE, Cohen SR, et al. A classification of facial wrinkles. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2001 Nov;108(6):1735-50; discussion 1751-2. Abstract

32. Alexiades-Armenakas M. A quantitative and comprehensive grading scale for rhytides, laxity, and photoaging. J Drugs Dermatol. 2006 Sep;5(8):808-9. Abstract

33. Green AC. Premature ageing of the skin in a Queensland population. Med J Aust. 1991 Oct 7;155(7):473-4, 477-8. Abstract

34. Bukvic Mokos Z, Lipozencic J, Pasic A, et al. Laser therapy for solar lentigines: review of the literature and case report. Acta Dermatovenerol Croat. 2006;14(2):81-5. Abstract

35. Lavker RM. Cutaneous aging: chronologic versus photoaging. In: Gilchrest BA, ed. Photodamage. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Science; 1995:123-135.

36. Contet-Audonneau JL, Jeanmaire C, Pauly G. A histological study of human wrinkle structures: comparison between sun-exposed areas of the face, with or without wrinkles, and sun-protected areas. Br J Dermatol. 1999 Jun;140(6):1038-47. Abstract

37. Sauermann K, Clemann S, Jaspers S, et al. Age related changes of human skin investigated with histometric measurements by confocal laser scanning microscopy in vivo. Skin Res Technol. 2002 Feb;8(1):52-6. Abstract

38. Gonzalez S, Swindells K, Rajadhyaksha M, et al. Changing paradigms in dermatology: confocal microscopy in clinical and surgical dermatology. Clin Dermatol. 2003 Sep-Oct;21(5):359-69. Abstract

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40. Kligman AM, Zheng P, Lavker RM. The anatomy and pathogenesis of wrinkles. Br J Dermatol. 1985 Jul;113(1):37-42. Abstract

41. Glogau RG. Aesthetic and anatomic analysis of the aging skin. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 1996 Sep;15(3):134-8. Abstract

42. Fitzpatrick RE, Goldman MP, Satur NM, et al. Pulsed carbon dioxide laser resurfacing of photo-aged facial skin. Arch Dermatol. 1996 Apr;132(4):395-402. Abstract

43. Callaghan TM, Wilhelm KP. A review of ageing and an examination of clinical methods in the assessment of ageing skin. Part 2: clinical perspectives and clinical methods in the evaluation of ageing skin. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2008 Oct;30(5):323-32. Abstract

44. Kligman AM, Grove GL, Hirose R, et al. Topical tretinoin for photoaged skin. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1986 Oct;15(4 Pt 2):836-59. Abstract

45. Kligman AM, Graham CF. Histological changes in facial skin after daily application of tretinoin for 5-6 years. J Dermatol Treat. 1993;4:113-117.

46. Weinstein GD, Nigra TP, Pochi PE, et al. Topical tretinoin for treatment of photodamaged skin: a multicenter study. Arch Dermatol. 1991 May;127(5):659-65. Abstract

47. Olsen EA, Kats HI, Levine N, et al. Tretinoin emollient cream: a new therapy for photodamaged skin. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1992 Feb;26(2 Pt 1):215-24. Abstract

48. Stefanaki C, Stratigos A, Katsambas A. Topical retinoids in the treatment of photoaging. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2005 Jun;4(2):130-4. Abstract

49. Maddin S, Lauharanta J, Agache P, et al. Isotretinoin improves the appearance of photoaged skin: results of a 36-week, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000 Jan;42(1 Pt 1):56-63. Abstract

50. Creidi P, Vienne MP, Ochonisky S, et al. Profilometric evaluation of photodamage after topical retinaldehyde and retinoic acid treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1998 Dec;39(6):960-5. Abstract

51. Phillips TJ, Gottlieb AB, Leyden JJ, et al. Efficacy of 0.1% tazarotene cream for the treatment of photodamage: a 12-month multicenter, randomized trial. Arch Dermatol. 2002 Nov;138(11):1486-93. Abstract

52. Kang S, Goldfarb MT, Weiss J, et al. Assessment of adapalene gel for the treatment of actinic keratoses and lentigines: a randomized trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003 Jul;49(1):83-90. Abstract

53. Bernstein EF, Lee J, Brown DB, et al. Glycolic acid treatment increases type I collagen mRNA and hyaluronic acid content of human skin. Dermatol Surg. 2001 May;27(5):429-33. Abstract

54. Kligman D, Kligman AM. Salicylic acid peels for the treatment of photoaging. Dermatol Surg. 1998 Mar;24(3):325-8. Abstract

55. De Boulle KL. Botulinum neurotoxin type A in facial aesthetics. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2007 Jun;8(8):1059-72. Abstract

56. Klein AW, Carruthers A, Fagien S, et al. Comparisons among botulinum toxins: an evidence-based review. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008 Jun;121(6):413e-22e. Abstract

57. Carruthers JA, Lowe NJ, Menter MA, et al. A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of glabellar lines. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002 Jun;46(6):840-9. Abstract

58. Shetty MK; IADVL Dermatosurgery Task Force. Guidelines on the use of botulinum toxin type A. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2008 Jan;74(suppl):S13-22.Full text  Abstract

59. Gadarowski MB, Ghamrawi RI, Taylor SL, et al. PrabotulinumtoxinA-xvfs for the treatment of moderate-to-severe glabellar lines. Ann Pharmacother. 2021 Mar;55(3):354-61.Full text  Abstract

60. Lowe NJ, Yamauchi PS. Cosmetic uses of botulinum toxins for lower aspects of the face and neck. Clin Dermatol. 2004 Jan-Feb;22(1):18-22. Abstract

61. Matarasso A, Shafer D. Botulinum neurotoxin type A-ABO (Dysport): clinical indications and practice guide. Aesthet Surg J. 2009 Nov;29(6 suppl):S72-9. Abstract

62. Pena MA, Alam M, Yoo SS. Complications with the use of botulinum toxin type A for cosmetic applications and hyperhidrosis. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2007 Mar;26(1):29-33. Abstract

63. Flynn TC. Botulinum toxin: examining duration of effect in facial aesthetic applications. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2010;11(3):183-99. Abstract

64. Ogden S, Griffiths TW. A review of minimally invasive cosmetic procedures. Br J Dermatol. 2008 Nov;159(5):1036-50. Abstract

65. Zakopoulou N, Kontochristopoulos G. Superficial chemical peels. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2006 Sep;5(3):246-53. Abstract

66. Humphreys TR, Werth V, Dzubow L, et al. Treatment of photodamaged skin with trichloroacetic acid and topical tretinoin. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1996 Apr;34(4):638-44. Abstract

67. Berardesca E, Cameli N, Primavera G, et al. Clinical and instrumental evaluation of skin improvement after treatment with a new 50% pyruvic acid peel. Dermatol Surg. 2006 Apr;32(4):526-31. Abstract

68. Hetter GP. An examination of the phenol-croton oil peel: part IV. Face peel results with different concentrations of phenol and croton oil. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2000 Mar;105(3):1061-83. Abstract

69. Matarasso SL, Brody HJ. Deep chemical peeling. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 1996 Sep;15(3):155-61. Abstract

70. Vedamurthy M; IADVL Dematosurgery Task Force. Standard guidelines for the use of dermal fillers. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2008 Jan;74(suppl):S23-7.Full text  Abstract

71. Lowe NJ, Maxwell CA, Lowe P, et al. Hyaluronic acid skin fillers: adverse reactions and skin testing. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001 Dec;45(6):930-3. Abstract

72. Monheit GD, Coleman KM. Hyaluronic acid fillers. Dermatol Ther. 2006 May-Jun;19(3):141-50. Abstract

73. Gold MH. Use of hyaluronic acid fillers for the treatment of the aging face. Clin Interv Aging. 2007;2(3):369-76.Full text  Abstract

74. Brown SA, Rohrich RJ, Baumann L, et al. Subject global evaluation and subject satisfaction using injectable poly-L-lactic acid versus human collagen for the correction of nasolabial fold wrinkles. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011 Apr;127(4):1684-92. Abstract

75. Brandt FS, Cazzaniga A, Baumann L, et al. Investigator global evaluations of efficacy of injectable poly-L-lactic acid versus human collagen in the correction of nasolabial fold wrinkles. Aesthet Surg J. 2011 Jul;31(5):521-8. Abstract

76. Woerle B, Hanke CW, Sattler G. Poly-L-lactic acid: a temporary filler for soft tissue augmentation. J Drugs Dermatol. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):385-9. Abstract

77. Narins RS, Baumann L, Brandt FS, et al. A randomized study of the efficacy and safety of injectable poly-L-lactic acid versus human-based collagen implant in the treatment of nasolabial fold wrinkles. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2010 Mar;62(3):448-62. Abstract

78. Klein AW. Techniques for soft tissue augmentation: an 'A to Z'. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2006;7(2):107-20. Abstract

79. Klein AW. Soft tissue augmentation 2006: filler fantasy. Dermatol Ther. 2006 May-Jun;19(3):129-33. Abstract

80. Kanchwala SK, Holloway L, Bucky LP. Reliable soft tissue augmentation: a clinical comparison of injectable soft-tissue fillers for facial-volume augmentation. Ann Plast Surg. 2005 Jul;55(1):30-5. Abstract

81. Jansen DA, Graivier MH. Evaluation of a calcium hydroxylapatite-based implant (Radiesse) for facial soft-tissue augmentation. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006 Sep;118(3 suppl):22S-30S. Abstract

82. Tzikas TL. A 52-month summary of results using calcium hydroxylapatite for facial soft tissue augmentation. Dermatol Surg. 2008 Jun;34(suppl 1):S9-15. Abstract

83. Fakhre GP, Perdikis G, Shaddix KK, et al. An evaluation of calcium hydroxylapatite (Radiesse) for cosmetic nasolabial fold correction: a meta-analysis and patient centric outcomes study. Ann Plast Surg. 2009 Nov;63(5):486-9. Abstract

84. Goldie K, Peeters W, Alghoul M, et al. Global consensus guidelines for the injection of diluted and hyperdiluted calcium hydroxylapatite for skin tightening. Dermatol Surg. 2018 Nov;44 Suppl 1:S32-S41.Full text  Abstract

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87. Spencer JM. Microdermabrasion. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2005;6(2):89-92. Abstract

88. Tan MH, Spencer JM, Pires LM, et al. The evaluation of aluminum oxide crystal microdermabrasion for photodamage. Dermatol Surg. 2001 Nov;27(11):943-9. Abstract

89. Groff WF, Fitzpatrick RE, Uebelhoer NS. Fractional carbon dioxide and plasmakinetic skin resurfacing. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2008 Dec;27(4):239-51. Abstract

90. Rinaldi F. Laser: a review. Clin Dermatol. 2008 Nov-Dec;26(6):590-601. Abstract

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92. Airan LE, Hruza G. Current lasers in skin resurfacing. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2005 Feb;13(1):127-39. Abstract

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95. Papadavid E, Katsambas A. Lasers for facial rejuvenation: a review. Int J Dermatol. 2003 Jun;42(6):480-7. Abstract

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100. Bucky LP, Kanchwala SK. The role of autologous fat and alternative fillers in the aging face. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007 Nov;120(6 suppl):89S-97S. Abstract

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104. Matarasso A, Hutchinson OH. Evaluating rejuvenation of the forehead and brow: an algorithm for selecting the appropriate technique. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2000 Sep;106(3):687-94. Abstract

105. Shin MK, Lee JH, Lee SJ, et al. Platelet-rich plasma combined with fractional laser therapy for skin rejuvenation. Dermatol Surg. 2012 Apr;38(4):623-30. Abstract

106. Hui Q, Chang P, Guo B, et al. The clinical efficacy of autologous platelet-rich plasma combined with ultra-pulsed fractional CO2 laser therapy for facial rejuvenation. Rejuvenation Res. 2017 Feb;20(1):25-31.Full text  Abstract

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108. Stirling RJ, Haslam JD. A self-reported clinical trial investigates the efficacy of 1072 nm light as an anti-ageing agent. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2007 Dec;9(4):226-30. Abstract