Primary sclerosing cholangitis

References

Key articles

European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL clinical practice guidelines on sclerosing cholangitis. J Hepatol. 2022 Sep;77(3):761-806.Full text  Abstract

Bowlus CL, Arrivé L, Bergquist A, et al. AASLD practice guidance on primary sclerosing cholangitis and cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatology. 2023 Feb 1;77(2):659-702.Full text  Abstract

Chapman R, Fevery J, Kalloo A, et al. Diagnosis and management of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatology. 2010 Feb;51(2):660-78.Full text  Abstract

Dave M, Elmunzer BJ, Dwamena BA, et al. Primary sclerosing cholangitis: meta-analysis of diagnostic performance of MR cholangiopancreatography. Radiology. 2010 Aug;256(2):387-96. Abstract

LaRusso NF, Shneider BL, Black D, et al. Primary sclerosing cholangitis: summary of a workshop. Hepatology. 2006 Sep;44(3):746-64. Abstract

Poropat G, Giljaca V, Stimac D, et al. Bile acids for primary sclerosing cholangitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Jan 19;(1):CD003626.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

1. LaRusso NF, Shneider BL, Black D, et al. Primary sclerosing cholangitis: summary of a workshop. Hepatology. 2006 Sep;44(3):746-64. Abstract

2. European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL clinical practice guidelines on sclerosing cholangitis. J Hepatol. 2022 Sep;77(3):761-806.Full text  Abstract

3. Bowlus CL, Arrivé L, Bergquist A, et al. AASLD practice guidance on primary sclerosing cholangitis and cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatology. 2023 Feb 1;77(2):659-702.Full text  Abstract

4. Kingham JG, Kochar N, Gravenor MB. Incidence, clinical patterns and outcomes of primary sclerosing cholangitis in South Wales, United Kingdom. Gastroenterology 2004 Jun;126(7):1929-30. Abstract

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6. Bambha K, Kim WR, Talwalkar J, et al. Incidence, clinical spectrum, and outcomes of primary sclerosing cholangitis in a United States community. Gastroenterology. 2003 Nov;125(5):1364-9. Abstract

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8. Tischendorf JJ, Hecker H, Kruger M, et al. Characterization, outcome, and prognosis in 273 patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: a single center study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007 Jan;102(1):107-14. Abstract

9. Tabibian JH, Ali AH, Lindor KD. Primary sclerosing cholangitis, part 1: epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2018 May;14(5):293-304.Full text  Abstract

10. Tanaka A, Takikawa H. Geoepidemiology of primary sclerosing cholangitis: a critical review. J Autoimmun. 2013 Aug 7;46:35-40. Abstract

11. Bergquist A, Said K, Broome U. Changes over a 20-year period in the clinical presentation of primary sclerosing cholangitis in Sweden. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2007 Jan;42(1):88-93. Abstract

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16. Hov JR, Boberg KM, Karlsen TH. Autoantibodies in primary sclerosing cholangitis. World J Gastroenterol. 2008 Jun 28;14(24):3781-91. Abstract

17. Saarinen S, Olerup O, Broome U. Increased frequency of autoimmune diseases in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000 Nov;95(11):3195-9. Abstract

18. Donaldson PT, Norris S. Evaluation of the role of MHC class II alleles, haplotypes and selected amino acid sequences in primary sclerosing cholangitis. Autoimmunity. 2002 Dec;35(8):555-64. Abstract

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23. Chapman R, Cullen S. Etiopathogenesis of primary sclerosing cholangitis. World J Gastroenterol. 2008 Jun 7;14(21):3350-9. Abstract

24. Loftus EV Jr, Harewood GC, Loftus CG, et al. PSC-IBD: a unique form of inflammatory bowel disease associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Gut. 2005 Jan;54(1):91-6.Full text  Abstract

25. Abdalian R, Heathcote EJ. Sclerosing cholangitis: a focus on secondary causes. Hepatology. 2006 Nov;44(5):1063-74. Abstract

26. Broomé U, Olsson R, Lööf L, et al. Natural history and prognostic factors in 305 Swedish patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Gut. 1996 Apr;38(4):610-5.Full text  Abstract

27. Wilschanski M, Chait P, Wade JA, et al. Primary sclerosing cholangitis in 32 children: clinical, laboratory, and radiographic features, with survival analysis. Hepatology. 1995 Nov;22(5):1415-22. Abstract

28. Afdhal N, McHutchison J, Brown R, et al. Thrombocytopenia associated with chronic liver disease. J Hepatol. 2008 Jun;48(6):1000-7.Full text  Abstract

29. Boberg KM, Aadland E, Jahnsen J, et al. Incidence and prevalence of primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and autoimmune hepatitis in a Norwegian population. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1998 Jan;33(1):99-103. Abstract

30. Chapman R, Fevery J, Kalloo A, et al. Diagnosis and management of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatology. 2010 Feb;51(2):660-78.Full text  Abstract

31. Walker SL, McCormick PA. Diagnosing cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis: an "evidence based radiology" review. Abdom Imaging. 2008 Jan-Feb;33(1):14-7. Abstract

32. Campbell WL, Peterson MS, Federle MP, et al. Using CT and cholangiography to diagnose biliary tract carcinoma complicating primary sclerosing cholangitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001 Nov;177(5):1095-100.Full text  Abstract

33. Ament AE, Haaga JR, Wiedenmann SD, et al. Primary sclerosing cholangitis: CT findings. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1983 Oct;7(5):795-800. Abstract

34. Lindor KD, Kowdley KV, Harrison ME; American College of Gastroenterology. ACG clinical guideline: primary sclerosing cholangitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2015 May;110(5):646-59.Full text  Abstract

35. Dave M, Elmunzer BJ, Dwamena BA, et al. Primary sclerosing cholangitis: meta-analysis of diagnostic performance of MR cholangiopancreatography. Radiology. 2010 Aug;256(2):387-96. Abstract

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55. Chapman MH, Thorburn D, Hirschfield GM, et al. British Society of Gastroenterology and UK-PSC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Gut. 2019 Aug;68(8):1356-78.Full text  Abstract

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59. Mayo MJ, Handem I, Saldana S, et al. Sertraline as a first-line treatment for cholestatic pruritus. Hepatology. 2007 Mar;45(3):666-74.Full text  Abstract

60. Singh S, Khanna S, Pardi DS, et al. Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid use on the risk of colorectal neoplasia in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2013 Jul;19(8):1631-8. Abstract

61. Michaels A, Levy C. The medical management of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Medscape J Med. 2008 Mar 12;10(3):61.Full text  Abstract

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63. Gluck M, Cantone NR, Brandaburr JJ, et al. A twenty-year experience with endoscopic therapy for symptomatic primary sclerosing cholangitis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2008 Oct;42(9):1032-9. Abstract

64. Gotthardt DN, Rudolph G, Klöters-Plachky P, et al. Endoscopic dilation of dominant stenoses in primary sclerosing cholangitis: outcome after long-term treatment. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010 Mar;71(3):527-34. Abstract

65. Aljiffry M, Renfrew PD, Walsh MJ, et al. Analytical review of diagnosis and treatment strategies for dominant bile duct strictures in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. HPB (Oxford). 2011 Feb;13(2):79-90. Abstract

66. Kaya M, Petersen BT, Angulo P, et al. Balloon dilation compared to stenting of dominant strictures in primary sclerosing cholangitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001 Apr;96(4):1059-66. Abstract

67. Ponsioen CY, Arnelo U, Bergquist A, et al. No superiority of stents vs balloon dilatation for dominant strictures in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Gastroenterology. 2018 May 24;155(3):752-9.e5. Abstract

68. ASGE Standards of Practice Committee, Coelho-Prabhu N, Forbes N, et al. Adverse events associated with EGD and EGD-related techniques. Gastrointest Endosc. 2022 Sep;96(3):389-401.e1.Full text  Abstract

69. Stiehl A, Rudolph G, Kloters-Plachky P, et al. Development of dominant bile duct stenoses in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis treated with ursodeoxycholic acid: outcome after endoscopic treatment. J Hepatol. 2002 Feb;36(2):151-6. Abstract

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71. Pawlik TM, Olbrecht VA, Pitt HA, et al. Primary sclerosing cholangitis: role of extrahepatic biliary resection. J Am Coll Surg. 2008 May;206(5):822-30. Abstract

72. Graziadei IW. Wiesner RH, Marotta PJ, et al. Long-term results of patients undergoing liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatology. 1999 Nov;30(5):1121-7. Abstract

73. Graziadei IW, Wiesner RH, Batts KP, et al. Recurrence of primary sclerosing cholangitis following liver transplantation. Hepatology. 1999 Apr;29(4):1050-6. Abstract

74. Gordon F. Recurrent primary sclerosing cholangitis: clinical diagnosis and long-term management issues. Liver Transpl. 2006 Nov;12(11 Suppl 2):S73-5. Abstract

75. Alexander J, Lord JD, Yeh MM, et al. Risk factors for recurrence of primary sclerosing cholangitis after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2008 Feb;14(2):245-51. Abstract

76. Campsen J, Zimmerman MA, Trotter JF, et al. Clinically recurrent primary sclerosing cholangitis following liver transplantation: a time course. Liver Transpl. 2008 Feb;14(2):181-5. Abstract

77. Poropat G, Giljaca V, Stimac D, et al. Bile acids for primary sclerosing cholangitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Jan 19;(1):CD003626.Full text  Abstract

78. Eaton JE, Silveira MG, Pardi DS, et al. High-dose ursodeoxycholic acid is associated with the development of colorectal neoplasia in patients with ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2011 Sep;106(9):1638-45. Abstract

79. Deneau M, Perito E, Ricciuto A, et al. Ursodeoxycholic acid therapy in pediatric primary sclerosing cholangitis: predictors of gamma glutamyltransferase normalization and favorable clinical course. J Pediatr. 2019 Jun;209:92-96.e1. Abstract

80. Deneau MR, Mack C, Mogul D, et al. Oral vancomycin, ursodeoxycholic acid, or no therapy for pediatric primary sclerosing cholangitis: a matched analysis. Hepatology. 2021 Mar;73(3):1061-73. Abstract

81. Hilscher M, Enders FB, Carey EJ, et al.  Alkaline phosphatase normalization is a biomarker of improved survival in primary sclerosing cholangitis. Ann Hepatol. 2016 Mar-Apr;15(2):246-53. Abstract

82. Al Mamari S, Djordjevic J, Halliday JS, et al. Improvement of serum alkaline phosphatase to <1.5 upper limit of normal predicts better outcome and reduced risk of cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis. J Hepatol. 2013 Feb;58(2):329-34. Abstract

83. Stanich PP, Björnsson E, Gossard AA, et al. Alkaline phosphatase normalization is associated with better prognosis in primary sclerosing cholangitis. Dig Liver Dis. 2011 Apr;43(4):309-13. Abstract

84. Wunsch E, Trottier J, Milkiewicz M, et al. Prospective evaluation of ursodeoxycholic acid withdrawal in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatology. 2014 Jul 30;60(3):931-40.Full text  Abstract

85. Black DD, Mack C, Kerkar N, et al. A prospective trial of withdrawal and reinstitution of ursodeoxycholic acid in pediatric primary sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatol Commun. 2019 Nov;3(11):1482-95.Full text  Abstract

86. Stokkeland K, Höijer J, Bottai M, et al. Statin use is associated with improved outcomes of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019 Aug;17(9):1860-6.e1. Abstract

87. Hey P, Lokan J, Johnson P, et al. Efficacy of oral vancomycin in recurrent primary sclerosing cholangitis following liver transplantation. BMJ Case Rep. 2017 Sep 25;2017:bcr-2017-221165.Full text  Abstract

88. Tabibian JH, Weeding E, Jorgensen RA, et al. Randomised clinical trial: vancomycin or metronidazole in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis - a pilot study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013 Feb 5;37(6):604-12.Full text  Abstract

89. de Chambrun GP, Nachury M, Funakoshi N, et al. Oral vancomycin induces sustained deep remission in adult patients with ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 Oct;30(10):1247-52. Abstract

90. Davies YK, Cox KM, Abdullah BA, et al. Long-term treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis in children with oral vancomycin: an immunomodulating antibiotic. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2008 Jul;47(1):61-7.Full text  Abstract

91. Allegretti JR, Kassam Z, Carrellas M, et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: a pilot clinical trial. Am J Gastroenterol. 2019 Jul;114(7):1071-9. Abstract

92. Kowdley KV, Vuppalanchi R, Levy C, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled, phase II study of obeticholic acid for primary sclerosing cholangitis. J Hepatol. 2020 Jul;73(1):94-101.Full text  Abstract

93. Fickert P, Hirschfield GM, Denk G, et al. norUrsodeoxycholic acid improves cholestasis in primary sclerosing cholangitis. J Hepatol. 2017 Sep;67(3):549-58.Full text  Abstract

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