Urticaria and angioedema

References

Key articles

Zuberbier T, Abdul Latiff AH, Abuzakouk M, et al. The international EAACI/GA²LEN/EuroGuiDerm/APAAACI guideline for the definition, classification, diagnosis, and management of urticaria. Allergy. 2022 Mar;77(3):734-66.Full text  Abstract

Fine LM, Bernstein JA. Guideline of chronic urticaria beyond. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2016 Sep;8(5):396-403.Full text  Abstract

Powell RJ, Leech SC, Till S, et al. BSACI guideline for the management of chronic urticaria and angioedema. Clin Exp Allergy. 2015;45:547-565.Full text  Abstract

Maurer M, Magerl M, Betschel S, et al. The international WAO/EAACI guideline for the management of hereditary angioedema-The 2021 revision and update. Allergy. 2022 Jul;77(7):1961-90.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

1. Zuberbier T, Abdul Latiff AH, Abuzakouk M, et al. The international EAACI/GA²LEN/EuroGuiDerm/APAAACI guideline for the definition, classification, diagnosis, and management of urticaria. Allergy. 2022 Mar;77(3):734-66.Full text  Abstract

2. Schaefer P. Acute and chronic urticaria: evaluation and treatment. Am Fam Physician. 2017 Jun 1;95(11):717-24.Full text  Abstract

3. Greaves MW. Chronic urticaria. N Engl J Med. 1995;332:1767-1772. Abstract

4. Amar SM, Dreskin SC. Urticaria. Prim Care. 2008;35:141-157. Abstract

5. Nedelea I, Deleanu D. Isolated angioedema: an overview of clinical features and etiology. Exp Ther Med. 2019 Feb;17(2):1068-72.Full text  Abstract

6. Fine LM, Bernstein JA. Guideline of chronic urticaria beyond. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2016 Sep;8(5):396-403.Full text  Abstract

7. Kaplan AP. Urticaria and angioedema. In: Middleton's allergy: principles and practice, vol 2. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby; 2003:1537-1558.

8. Gaig P, Olona M, Muñoz Lejarazu D, et al. Epidemiology of urticaria in Spain. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2004;14:214-220.Full text  Abstract

9. Zuberbier T, Balke M, Worm M, et al. Epidemiology of urticaria: a representative cross-sectional population survey. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2010 Dec;35(8):869-73. Abstract

10. Mahoney EJ, Devaiah AK. Angioedema and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: are demographics a risk? Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008;139:105-108. Abstract

11. Kostis WJ, Shetty M, Chowdhury YS, et al. ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema: a review. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2018 Jun 8;20(7):55. Abstract

12. Cicardi M, Aberer W, Banerji A, et al. Classification, diagnosis, and approach to treatment for angioedema: consensus report from the Hereditary Angioedema International Working Group. Allergy. 2014 May;69(5):602-16. Abstract

13. Cicardi M, Zanichelli A. Acquired angioedema. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2010 Jul 28;6(1):14.Full text  Abstract

14. Fraser K, Robertson L. Chronic urticaria and autoimmunity. Skin Therapy Lett. 2013 Nov-Dec;18(7):5-9.Full text  Abstract

15. Kolkhir P, Metz M, Altrichter S, et al. Comorbidity of chronic spontaneous urticaria and autoimmune thyroid diseases: a systematic review. Allergy. 2017 Oct;72(10):1440-60.Full text  Abstract

16. Ghazanfar MN, Kibsgaard L, Thomsen SF, et al. Risk of comorbidities in patients diagnosed with chronic urticaria: a nationwide registry-study. World Allergy Organ J. 2020 Jan;13(1):100097.Full text  Abstract

17. Zingale LC, Beltrami L, Zanichelli A, et al. Angioedema without urticaria: a large clinical survey. CMAJ. 2006 Oct 24;175(9):1065-70.Full text  Abstract

18. Nzeako UC, Frigas E, Tremaine WJ. Hereditary angioedema: a broad review for clinicians. Arch Intern Med. 2001;161:2417-2429.Full text  Abstract

19. Jacques P. Chronic idiopathic urticaria: profiles of skin mast cell histamine release during active disease and remission. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1992;89:1139-1143. Abstract

20. Natbony SF. Histologic studies of chronic idiopathic urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1983;86:759-765. Abstract

21. Brodell LA. Pathophysiology of chronic urticaria. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2008;100:291-298. Abstract

22. Busse PJ, Christiansen SC. Hereditary angioedema. N Engl J Med. 2020 Mar 19;382(12):1136-48. Abstract

23. Maas C, Renné T. Coagulation factor XII in thrombosis and inflammation. Blood. 2018 Apr 26;131(17):1903-9.Full text  Abstract

24. Longhurst HJ, Bork K. Hereditary angioedema: an update on causes, manifestations and treatment. Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 2019 Jul 2;80(7):391-8.Full text  Abstract

25. Bork K, Staubach-Renz P, Hardt J. Angioedema due to acquired C1-inhibitor deficiency: spectrum and treatment with C1-inhibitor concentrate. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2019 Mar 13;14(1):65.Full text  Abstract

26. Moellman JJ, Bernstein JA, Lindsell C, et al. A consensus parameter for the evaluation and management of angioedema in the emergency department. Acad Emerg Med. 2014 Apr;21(4):469-84.Full text  Abstract

27. Shaker MS, Wallace DV, Golden DBK, et al. Anaphylaxis - a 2020 practice parameter update, systematic review, and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020 Apr;145(4):1082-123.Full text  Abstract

28. Golden DBK, Wang J, Waserman S, et al. Anaphylaxis: a 2023 practice parameter update. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2024 Feb;132(2):124-76.Full text  Abstract

29. American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Ten things physicians and patients should question. Choosing Wisely, an initiative of the ABIM Foundation. 2021​ [internet publication].Full text

30. Weldon D. When your patients are itching to see you: not all hives are urticaria. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2005;26:1-7. Abstract

31. Kozel MM. The effectiveness of a history-based diagnostic approach in chronic urticaria and angioedema. Arch Dermatol. 1998;134:1575-1580. Abstract

32. Dice JP. Physical urticaria. Immunol Allergy Clin North Amer. 2004;24:225-246. Abstract

33. Powell RJ, Leech SC, Till S, et al. BSACI guideline for the management of chronic urticaria and angioedema. Clin Exp Allergy. 2015;45:547-565.Full text  Abstract

34. Tosoni C, Lodi-Rizzini F, Cinquini M, et al. A reassessment of diagnostic criteria and treatment of idiopathic urticarial vasculitis: a retrospective study of 47 patients. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2009 Mar;34(2):166-70.Full text  Abstract

35. Bernstein JA, Lang DM, Khan DA, et al. The diagnosis and management of acute and chronic urticaria: 2014 update. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014 May;133(5):1270-7.Full text  Abstract

36. Bunselmeyer B, Laubach HJ, Schiller M, et al. Incremental build-up food challenge - a new diagnostic approach to evaluate pseudoallergic reactions in chronic urticaria: a pilot study: stepwise food challenge in chronic urticaria. Clin Exp Allergy. 2009 Jan;39(1):116-26. Abstract

37. Sabroe RA, Lawlor F, Grattan CEH, et al. British Association of Dermatologists guidelines for the management of people with chronic urticaria 2021. Br J Dermatol. 2022 Mar;186(3):398-413.Full text  Abstract

38. Maurer M, Magerl M, Betschel S, et al. The international WAO/EAACI guideline for the management of hereditary angioedema-The 2021 revision and update. Allergy. 2022 Jul;77(7):1961-90.Full text  Abstract

39. Kaplan AP. Urticaria and angioedema. In: Adkinson NF, Bochner B, Busse W, et al, eds. Middleton's allergy: principles and practice, vol 2. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby, 2009;1063-1081.

40. Georgy MS, Pongracic JA. Chapter 22: Hereditary and acquired angioedema. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2012 May-Jun;33 Suppl 1:73-76.Full text  Abstract

41. Barniol C, Dehours E, Mallet J, et al. Levocetirizine and prednisone are not superior to levocetirizine alone for the treatment of acute urticaria: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Ann Emerg Med. 2018 Jan;71(1):125-31.e1.Full text  Abstract

42. Shertzer CL, Lookingbill DP. The effects of relaxation therapy and hypnotizability in chronic urticaria. Arch Dermatol. 1987;123:197-201. Abstract

43. Handa S. Comparative efficacy of cetirizine and fexofenadine in the treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria. J Derm Treat. 2004;15:55-57. Abstract

44. Simons FE, Simons KJ. H1 antihistamines: current status and future directions. World Allergy Organ J. 2008 Sep;1(9):145-55.Full text  Abstract

45. Fein MN, Fischer DA, O'Keefe AW, et al. CSACI position statement: Newer generation H1-antihistamines are safer than first-generation H1-antihistamines and should be the first-line antihistamines for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2019;15:61.Full text  Abstract

46. Hindmarch I, Johnson S, Meadows R, et al. The acute and sub-chronic effects of levocetirizine, cetirizine, loratadine, promethazine, and placebo on cognitive function, psychomotor performance, and weal and flare. Curr Med Res Opin. 2001;17:241-255. Abstract

47. Staevska M, Popov TA, Kralimarkova T, et al. The effectiveness of levocetirizine and desloratadine in up to 4 times conventional doses in difficult-to-treat urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;125:676-682.Full text  Abstract

48. Asero R. Chronic unremitting urticaria: is the use of antihistamines above the licensed dose effective? A preliminary study of cetirizine at licensed and above-licensed doses. Clin Exp Derm. 2006;32:34-38. Abstract

49. Sharma M, Bennett C, Cohen SN, et al. H1-antihistamines for chronic spontaneous urticaria. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Nov 14;(11):CD006137.Full text  Abstract

50. Brunet C, Bedard PM, Hebert J. Effects of H1-antihistamine drug regimen on the histamine release by nonlesional skin mast cells of patients with chronic urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1990;86:787-793. Abstract

51. Goldsobel AB, Rohr AS, Siegel SC, et al. Efficacy of doxepin in the treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1986;78:867-873. Abstract

52. Monroe EW, Cohen SH, Kalbfleisch J, et al. Combined H1 and H2 antihistamine therapy in chronic urticaria. Arch Dermatol. 1981;117:404-407. Abstract

53. Harvey RP, Wegs J, Schocket AL. A controlled trial of therapy in chronic urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1981;68:262-266. Abstract

54. Ellis MH. Successful treatment of chronic urticaria with leukotriene antagonists. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1998;102:876-877. Abstract

55. Spector S, Tan RA. Antileukotrienes in chronic urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1998;101:572. Abstract

56. Reimers A, Pichler C, Helbling A, et al. Zafirlukast has no beneficial effects in the treatment of chronic urticaria. Clin Exp Allergy. 2002;32:1763-1768. Abstract

57. Di Lorenzo G, Pacor ML, Mansueto P, et al. Randomized placebo-controlled trial comparing desloratadine and montelukast in monotherapy and desloratadine plus montelukast in combined therapy for chronic urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;114:619-625. Abstract

58. Nettis E, Colanardi MC, Paradiso MT, et al. Desloratadine in combination with montelukast in the treatment of chronic urticaria: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Clin Exp Allergy. 2004;34:1401-1407. Abstract

59. Bagenstose SE, Levin L, Bernstein JA. The addition of zafirlukast to cetirizine improves the treatment of chronic urticaria in patients with positive autologous serum skin test results. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;113:134-140. Abstract

60. Perez C, Sanchez-Borges M, Capriles E, et al. Pretreatment with montelukast blocks NSAID-induced urticaria and angioedema. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001;108:1060-1061. Abstract

61. Food and Drug Administration Drug Safety Communication. FDA requires Boxed Warning about serious mental health side effects for asthma and allergy drug montelukast (Singulair); advises restricting use for allergic rhinitis. Mar 2020 [internet publication].Full text

62. Maurer M, Rosén K, Hsieh HJ, et al. Omalizumab for the treatment of chronic idiopathic or spontaneous urticaria. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:924-935. Abstract

63. Saini S, Rosen KE, Hsieh HJ, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study of single-dose omalizumab in patients with H1-antihistamine-refractory chronic idiopathic urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;128:567-573. Abstract

64. Tharp MD, Bernstein JA, Kavati A, et al. Benefits and harms of omalizumab treatment in adolescent and adult patients with chronic idiopathic (spontaneous) urticaria: a meta-analysis of “real-world” evidence. JAMA Dermatol. 2019 Jan;155(1):29-38.Full text  Abstract

65. Maurer M, Metz M, Brehler R, et al. Omalizumab treatment in patients with chronic inducible urticaria: a systematic review of published evidence. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018 Feb;141(2):638-49.Full text  Abstract

66. Harrison CA, Bastan R, Peirce MJ, et al. Role of calcineurin in the regulation of human lung mast cell and basophil function by cyclosporine and FK506. Br J Pharmacol. 2007 Feb;150(4):509-18.Full text  Abstract

67. Grattan CE, O'Donnell BF, Francis DM, et al. Randomized double-blind study of cyclosporine in chronic 'idiopathic' urticaria. Br J Dermatol. 2000;143:365-372. Abstract

68. Vena GA, Cassano N, Colombo D, et al. Cyclosporine in chronic idiopathic urticaria, a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;55:705-709. Abstract

69. Kulthanan K, Chaweekulrat P, Komoltri C, et al. Cyclosporine for chronic spontaneous urticaria: a meta-analysis and systematic review. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2018 Mar - Apr;6(2):586-99. Abstract

70. Morgan M, Khan DA. Therapeutic alternatives for chronic urticaria: an evidence-based review, part 2. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2008;100:517-526. Abstract

71. Zuraw BL, Busse PJ, White M, et al. Nanofiltered C1 inhibitor concentrate for treatment of hereditary angioedema. NEJM 2010;363:513-522.Full text  Abstract

72. Bork K, Meng G, Staubach P. Treatment with C1 inhibitor concentrate in abdominal pain attacks of patients with hereditary angioedema. Transfusion 2005;45:1774-1784. Abstract

73. Cicardi M, Levy RJ, McNeil DL, et al. Ecallantide for the treatment of acute attacks in hereditary angioedema. NEJM 2010;363:523-531.Full text  Abstract

74. Cicardi M, Banerji A, Bracho F, et al. Icatibant, a new bradykinin-receptor antagonist, in hereditary angioedema. N Engl J Med. 2010 Aug 5;363(6):532-41.Full text  Abstract

75. Zuraw BL, Bernstein JA, Lang DM, et al. A focused parameter update: hereditary angioedema, acquired C1 inhibitor deficiency, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-associated angioedema. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013 Jun;131(6):1491-3.Full text  Abstract

76. Bork K, Hardt J, Staubach-Renz P, et al. Risk of laryngeal edema and facial swellings after tooth extraction in patients with hereditary angioedema with and without prophylaxis with C1 inhibitor concentrate: a retrospective study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2011 Jul;112(1):58-64. Abstract

77. Martinez-Saguer I, Rusicke E, Aygören-Pürsün E, et al. Pharmacokinetic analysis of human plasma-derived pasteurized C1-inhibitor concentrate in adults and children with hereditary angioedema: a prospective study. Transfusion. 2010 Feb;50(2):354-60. Abstract

78. Longhurst H, Zinser E. Prophylactic therapy for hereditary angioedema. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2017 Aug;37(3):557-70. Abstract

79. Longhurst H, Cicardi M, Craig T, et al. Prevention of hereditary angioedema attacks with a subcutaneous C1 inhibitor. N Engl J Med. 2017 Mar 23;376(12):1131-40.Full text  Abstract

80. Bork K, Bygum A, Hardt J. Benefits and risks of danazol in hereditary angioedema: a long-term survey of 118 patients. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2008 Feb;100(2):153-61. Abstract

81. Kaplan A, Ferrer M, Bernstein JA, et al. Timing and duration of omalizumab response in patients with chronic idiopathic/spontaneous urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;137:474-481.Full text  Abstract

82. Zhao ZT, Ji CM, Yu WJ, et al. Omalizumab for the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;137:1742-1750. Abstract

83. Manning ME, Kashkin JM. Berotralstat (BCX7353) is a novel oral prophylactic treatment for hereditary angioedema: Review of phase II and III studies. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2021 Jul 14;42(4):274-82.Full text  Abstract

84. Zuraw B, Lumry WR, Johnston DT, et al. Oral once-daily berotralstat for the prevention of hereditary angioedema attacks: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2021 Jul;148(1):164-172.e9.Full text  Abstract

85. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Berotralstat for preventing recurrent attacks of hereditary angioedema. Oct 2021 [internet publication].Full text

86. Banerji A, Riedl MA, Bernstein JA, et al. Effect of lanadelumab compared with placebo on prevention of hereditary angioedema attacks: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2018 Nov 27;320(20):2108-21. [Erratum in: JAMA. 2019 Apr 23;321(16):1636.]Full text  Abstract

87. Riedl MA, Bernstein JA, Craig T, et al. An open-label study to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of lanadelumab for prevention of attacks in hereditary angioedema: design of the HELP study extension. Clin Transl Allergy. 2017;7:36.Full text  Abstract

88. ClinicalTrials.gov. A study of STAR-0215 in healthy adult participants. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05477160. Jan 2023 [internet publication].Full text

89. ClinicalTrials.gov. A study of STAR-0215 in participants with hereditary angioedema. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05695248. Aug 2023 [internet publication].Full text

90. Maurer M, Giménez-Arnau AM, Sussman G, et al. Ligelizumab for chronic spontaneous urticaria. N Engl J Med. 2019 Oct 3;381(14):1321-32.Full text  Abstract

91. Caballero T, Farkas H, Bouillet L, et al. International consensus and practical guidelines on the gynecologic and obstetric management of female patients with hereditary angioedema caused by C1 inhibitor deficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012 Feb;129(2):308-20.Full text  Abstract

Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer