Novel therapeutic agents
The use of novel therapeutic agents, including atrial natriuretic peptide, theophylline, insulin-like growth factor, epidermal growth factor, free radical oxygen scavengers, antibodies to adhesion molecules, and prostaglandins, has been reviewed. None have shown clear benefit in human AKI.[22]Lameire N, Van Biesen W, Vanholder R. Acute renal failure. Lancet. 2005 Jan 29-Feb 4;365(9457):417-30.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15680458?tool=bestpractice.com
[153]Yamada H, Doi K, Tsukamoto T, et al. Low-dose atrial natriuretic peptide for prevention or treatment of acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care. 2019 Feb 11;23(1):41.
https://www.doi.org/10.1186/s13054-019-2330-z
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30744687?tool=bestpractice.com
The protective effect of statins (administered either pre-intervention or chronically) is debated,[114]Pappy R, Stavrakis S, Hennebry TA, et al. Effect of statin therapy on contrast-induced nephropathy after coronary angiography: a meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol. 2011 Sep 15;151(3):348-53.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21636154?tool=bestpractice.com
[154]Zhang T, Shen LH, Hu LH, et al. Statins for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Nephrol. 2011;33(4):344-51.
https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/326269
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21430372?tool=bestpractice.com
[155]Zhang BC, Li WM, Xu YW. High-dose statin pretreatment for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy: a meta-analysis. Can J Cardiol. 2011 Nov-Dec;27(6):851-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21944277?tool=bestpractice.com
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Do statins help prevent acute kidney injury after surgical procedures requiring cardiac bypass?/cca.html?targetUrl=https://cochranelibrary.com/cca/doi/10.1002/cca.824/fullShow me the answer but results from recent studies are disappointing.[156]Giacoppo D, Capodanno D, Capranzano P, et al. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of preprocedural statin administration for reducing contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients undergoing coronary catheterization. Am J Cardiol. 2014 Aug 15;114(4):541-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25001154?tool=bestpractice.com
[157]Gandhi S, Mosleh W, Abdel-Qadir H, et al. Statins and contrast-induced acute kidney injury with coronary angiography. Am J Med. 2014 Oct;127(10):987-1000.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24852935?tool=bestpractice.com
[158]Bangalore S, Fayyad R, Hovingh GK, et al. Statin and the risk of renal-related serious adverse events: Analysis from the IDEAL, TNT, CARDS, ASPEN, SPARCL, and other placebo-controlled trials. Am J Cardiol. 2014 Jun 15;113(12):2018-20.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24793673?tool=bestpractice.com
Controlled hypothermia and recombinant alkaline phosphatase infusion may be of benefit.[159]Susantitaphong P, Alfayez M, Cohen-Bucay A, et al. Therapeutic hypothermia and prevention of acute kidney injury: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Resuscitation. 2012 Feb;83(2):159-67.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3273643
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21983123?tool=bestpractice.com
[160]Pickkers P, Heemskerk S, Schouten J, et al. Alkaline phosphatase for treatment of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury: a prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Crit Care. 2012 Jan 23;16(1):R14.
https://ccforum.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/cc11159
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22269279?tool=bestpractice.com
Erythropoietin does not appear to exert nephroprotective effects,[161]Kim JE, Song SW, Kim JY, et al. Effect of a single bolus of erythropoietin on renoprotection in patients undergoing thoracic aortic surgery with moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest. Ann Thorac Surg. 2016 Feb;101(2):690-6.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26576750?tool=bestpractice.com
and treatment with thyroid hormone has been associated with worse outcomes than other possible treatments for patients with established AKI; its role in preventing AKI was not adequately investigated.[162]Nigwekar SU, Strippoli GF, Navaneethan SD. Thyroid hormones for acute kidney injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jan 31;(1):CD006740.
https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD006740.pub2/full
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23440810?tool=bestpractice.com
Remote ischaemic pre-conditioning appeared to hold promise to prevent AKI, but two systematic reviews (including more than 28 randomised controlled trials) cast doubt on the value of the treatment.[163]Yang Y, Lang XB, Zhang P, et al. Remote ischemic preconditioning for prevention of acute kidney injury: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Kidney Dis. 2014 Oct;64(4):574-83.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24954246?tool=bestpractice.com
[164]Menting TP, Wever KE, Ozdemir-van Brunschot DMD, et al. Ischaemic preconditioning for the reduction of renal ischaemia reperfusion injury. Cochrane Database Sys Rev. 2017 Mar 4;(3):CD010777.
https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD010777.pub2/full
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28258686?tool=bestpractice.com
[165]Moore PK, Hsu RK, Liu KD. Management of acute kidney injury: core curriculum 2018. Am J Kidney Dis. 2018 Feb 22;72(1):136-48.
https://www.ajkd.org/article/S0272-6386(17)31141-1/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29478864?tool=bestpractice.com
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What are the benefits and harms of ischemic preconditioning for reducing renal ischemia reperfusion injury?/cca.html?targetUrl=https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cca/doi/10.1002/cca.1728/fullShow me the answer
