References
Key articles
Kim DH, Vaccaro AR. Osteoporotic compression fractures of the spine: current options and considerations for treatment. Spine J. 2006 Sep-Oct;6(5):479-87. Abstract
McAfee PC, Yuan HA, Fredrickson BE, et al. The value of computed tomography in thoracolumbar fractures. An analysis of one hundred cases and a new classification. J Bone Joint Surg. 1983 Apr;65(4):461-73. Abstract
Kanis JA. Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Report of a WHO Study Group. World Health Organization technical report series. Osteoporosis Int. 1994 Nov;4(6):368-81. Abstract
Iqbal MM, Sobhan T. Osteoporosis: a review. Mo Med. 2002 Jan;99(1):19-24. Abstract
Gold DT. The clinical impact of vertebral fractures: quality of life in women with osteoporosis. Bone. 1996 Mar;18(3 Suppl):185-9S. Abstract
Anderson PA, Froyshteter AB, Tontz WL Jr. Meta-analysis of vertebral augmentation compared with conservative treatment for osteoporotic spinal fractures. J Bone Miner Res. 2013 Feb;28(2):372-82. Abstract
Lee MJ, Dumonski M, Cahill P, et al. Percutaneous treatment of vertebral compression fractures: a meta-analysis of complications. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009 May 15;34(11):1228-32. Abstract
Taylor RS, Fritzell P, Taylor RJ. Balloon kyphoplasty in the management of vertebral compression fractures: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Spine J. 2007 Aug;16(8):1085-100.Full text Abstract
Wardlaw D, Cummings SR, Van Meirhaeghe J, et al. Efficacy and safety of balloon kyphoplasty compared with non-surgical care for vertebral compression fracture (FREE): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009 Mar 21;373(9668):1016-24. Abstract
Muijs SP, van Erkel AR, Dijkstra PD. Treatment of painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: a brief review of the evidence for percutaneous vertebroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2011 Sep;93(9):1149-53. Abstract
Kallmes DF, Comstock BA, Heagerty PJ, et al. A randomized trial of vertebroplasty for osteoporotic spinal fractures. N Engl J Med. 2009 Aug 6;361(6):569-79.Full text Abstract
Buchbinder R, Osborne RH, Ebeling PR, et al. A randomized trial of vertebroplasty for painful osteoporotic vertebral fractures. N Engl J Med. 2009 Aug 6;361(6):557-68.Full text Abstract
Lippuner K. Medical treatment of vertebral osteoporosis. Eur Spine J. 2003 Oct;12 Suppl 2:S132-41. Abstract
Reference articles
1. Kim DH, Vaccaro AR. Osteoporotic compression fractures of the spine: current options and considerations for treatment. Spine J. 2006 Sep-Oct;6(5):479-87. Abstract
2. Denis F. The three-column spine and its significance in the classification of acute thoracolumbar spinal injuries. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1983 Nov-Dec;8(8):817-31. Abstract
3. Sugita M, Watanabe N, Mikami Y, et al. Classification of vertebral compression fractures in the osteoporotic spine. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2005 Aug;18(4):376-81. Abstract
4. Wu CT, Lee SC, Lee ST, et al. Classification of symptomatic osteoporotic compression fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine. J Clin Neuroscience. 2006 Jan;13(1):31-8. Abstract
5. McAfee PC, Yuan HA, Fredrickson BE, et al. The value of computed tomography in thoracolumbar fractures. An analysis of one hundred cases and a new classification. J Bone Joint Surg. 1983 Apr;65(4):461-73. Abstract
6. Kanis JA. Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Report of a WHO Study Group. World Health Organization technical report series. Osteoporosis Int. 1994 Nov;4(6):368-81. Abstract
7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Osteoporosis or low bone mass at the femur neck or lumbar spine in older adults: United States, 2005–2008. NCHS Data Brief No. 93. Apr 2012 [internet publication].Full text
8. Wright NC, Looker AC, Saag KG, et al. The recent prevalence of osteoporosis and low bone mass in the United States based on bone mineral density at the femoral neck or lumbar spine. J Bone Miner Res. 2014 Nov;29(11):2520-6.Full text Abstract
9. US Department of Health and Human Services. Bone health and osteoporosis: a report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Surgeon General; 2004.Full text Abstract
10. Johnell O. Advances in osteoporosis: better identification of risk factors can reduce morbidity and mortality. J Intern Med. 1996 Apr;239(4):299-304. Abstract
11. Iqbal MM, Sobhan T. Osteoporosis: a review. Mo Med. 2002 Jan;99(1):19-24. Abstract
12. Burge R, Dawson-Hughes B, Solomon DH, et al. Incidence and economic burden of osteoporosis-related fractures in the United States, 2005-2025. J Bone Miner Res. 2007 Mar;22(3):465-75.Full text Abstract
13. Gold DT. The clinical impact of vertebral fractures: quality of life in women with osteoporosis. Bone. 1996 Mar;18(3 Suppl):185-9S. Abstract
14. Silverman SL. The clinical consequences of vertebral compression fracture. Bone. 1992;13 Suppl 2:S27-31. Abstract
15. Lane JM, Nydick M. Osteoporosis: current modes of prevention and treatment, J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 1999 Jan;7(1):19-31. Abstract
16. Ross PD, Davis JW, Epstein RS, et al. Pre-existing fractures and bone mass may predict vertebral fracture incidence in women. Ann Intern Med. 1991 Jun 1;114(11):919-23. Abstract
17. Gunnes M, Lehmann EH, Mellstrom D, et al. The relationship between anthropometric measurements and fractures in women. Bone. 1996 Oct;19(4):407-13. Abstract
18. Riggs BL, Melton LJ 3rd. Involutional osteoporosis. N Engl J Med. 1986 Jun 26;314(26):1676-86. Abstract
19. Burger H, de Laet CE, van Daele PL, et al. Risk factors for increased bone loss in an elderly population: the Rotterdam Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1998 May 1;147(9):871-9. Abstract
20. Law MR, Hackshaw AK. A meta-analysis of cigarette smoking, bone mineral density and risk of hip fracture: recognition of a major effect. BMJ. 1997 Oct 4;315(7112):841-6.Full text Abstract
21. NIH Consensus Development Panel on Osteoporosis Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Osteoporosis prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. JAMA. 2001 Feb 14;285(6):785-95. Abstract
22. WHO Scientific Group on the Prevention and Management of Osteoporosis. Prevention and management of osteoporosis: report of a WHO scientific group. WHO technical report series no. 921. Geneva, Switzerland; 2003.
23. Dennison E, Eastell R, Fall CH, et al. Determinants of bone loss in elderly men and women: a prospective study. Osteoporos Int. 1999;10(5):384-91. Abstract
24. Jang HD, Hong JY, Han K, et al. Relationship between bone mineral density and alcohol intake: a nationwide health survey analysis of postmenopausal women. PLoS One. 2017 Jun 29;12(6):e0180132.Full text Abstract
25. Mazziotti G, Angeli A, Bilezikian JP, et al. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: an update. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2006 May-Jun;17(4):144-9. Abstract
26. Lakatos P. Thyroid hormones: beneficial or deleterious for bone? Calcif Tissue Int. 2003 Sep;73(3):205-9. Abstract
27. Jackson RD, LaCroix AZ, Gass M. Women's Health Initiative Investigators. Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of fractures. N Engl J Med. 2006 Feb 16;354(7):669-83. Abstract
28. Nakchbandi IA, van der Merwe SW. Current understanding of osteoporosis associated with liver disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009 Nov;6(11):660-70. Abstract
29. National Osteoporosis Foundation. Clinician's guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 2014 Oct;25(10):2359-81.Full text
30. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Bisphosphonates for treating osteoporosis. April 2019 [internet publication].Full text
31. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Denosumab for the prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women. Oct 2010 [internet publication].Full text
32. European Medicines Agency. European Medicines Agency recommends limiting long-term use of calcitonin medicines. Jul 2012 [internet publication].Full text
33. The NAMS 2017 Hormone Therapy Position Statement Advisory Panel. The 2017 hormone therapy position statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause. 2017 Jul;24(7):728-53.Full text Abstract
34. US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for osteoporosis: US preventive services task force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2011 Mar 1;154(5):356-64.Full text Abstract
35. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Raloxifene for the primary prevention of osteoporotic fragility fractures in postmenopausal women. Feb 2018 [internet publication].Full text
36. Schmitz A, Risse JH, Textor J, et al. FDG-PET findings of vertebral compression fractures in osteoporosis: preliminary results. Osteoporosis Int. 2002 Sep;13(9):755-61. Abstract
37. Faciszewski T, Kiernan F, Rao R. Treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. In: Spivak JM, Connolly PJ, eds. Orthopedic knowledge update, Spine 3. Rosemont, IL: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; 2006.
38. Rupp RE, Ebraheim NA, Coombs RJ. Magnetic resonance imaging differentiation of compression spine fractures or vertebral lesions caused by osteoporosis or tumor. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1995 Dec 1;20(23):2499-504. Abstract
39. Herkowitz HN, Garfin SR, Eismont FJ, et al. Rothman-Simeone: the spine, volume 2. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders-Elsevier; 2006:1408-9.
40. Toward Optimized Practice. Diagnosis and management of osteoporosis. Feb 2016 [internet publication].Full text
41. Borgeat A, Ofner C, Saporito A, et al. The effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on bone healing in humans: a qualitative, systematic review. J Clin Anesth. 2018 Jun 15;49:92-100. Abstract
42. Marquez-Lara A, Hutchinson ID, Nuñez F Jr, et al. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and bone-healing: a systematic review of research quality. JBJS Rev. 2016 Mar 15;4(3):01874474-201603000-00005.Full text Abstract
43. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Percutaneous vertebroplasty and percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty for treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Apr 2013 [internet publication].Full text
44. Ma XL, Xing D, Ma JX, et al. Balloon kyphoplasty versus percutaneous vertebroplasty in treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture: grading the evidence through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Spine J. 2012 Sep;21(9):1844-59. Abstract
45. Anderson PA, Froyshteter AB, Tontz WL Jr. Meta-analysis of vertebral augmentation compared with conservative treatment for osteoporotic spinal fractures. J Bone Miner Res. 2013 Feb;28(2):372-82. Abstract
46. Mattie R, Laimi K, Yu S, et al. Comparing percutaneous vertebroplasty and conservative therapy for treating osteoporotic compression fractures in the thoracic and lumbar spine: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2016 Jun 15;98(12):1041-51. Abstract
47. Buchbinder R, Johnston RV, Rischin KJ, et al. Percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Apr 4;(4):CD006349.Full text Abstract
48. Clark W, Bird P, Diamond T, et al. Cochrane vertebroplasty review misrepresented evidence for vertebroplasty with early intervention in severely affected patients. BMJ Evid Based Med. 2019 Mar 9 [Epub ahead of print).Full text Abstract
49. Rousing R, Andersen MO, Jespersen SM, et al. Percutaneous vertebroplasty compared to conservative treatment in patients with painful acute or subacute osteoporotic vertebral fractures: three-months follow-up in a clinical randomized study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009 Jun 1;34(13):1349-54. Abstract
50. Clark W, Bird P, Gonski P, et al. Safety and efficacy of vertebroplasty for acute painful osteoporotic fractures (VAPOUR): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2016 Aug 17;388(10052):1408-16. Abstract
51. Ong T, Kantachuvesiri P, Sahota O, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of hospitalised patients with vertebral fragility fractures: a systematic review. Age Ageing. 2018 Jan 1;47(1):17-25.Full text Abstract
52. Felder-Puig R, Piso B, Guba B, et al. Kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty for the management of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: a systematic review [in German]. Orthopade. 2009 Jul;38(7):606-15. Abstract
53. Lee MJ, Dumonski M, Cahill P, et al. Percutaneous treatment of vertebral compression fractures: a meta-analysis of complications. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009 May 15;34(11):1228-32. Abstract
54. Taylor RS, Fritzell P, Taylor RJ. Balloon kyphoplasty in the management of vertebral compression fractures: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Spine J. 2007 Aug;16(8):1085-100.Full text Abstract
55. Wardlaw D, Cummings SR, Van Meirhaeghe J, et al. Efficacy and safety of balloon kyphoplasty compared with non-surgical care for vertebral compression fracture (FREE): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009 Mar 21;373(9668):1016-24. Abstract
56. Tsoumakidou G, Too CW, Koch G, et al. CIRSE guidelines on percutaneous vertebral augmentation. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2017 Jan 19;40(3):331-42. Abstract
57. Muijs SP, van Erkel AR, Dijkstra PD. Treatment of painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: a brief review of the evidence for percutaneous vertebroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2011 Sep;93(9):1149-53. Abstract
58. Kallmes DF, Comstock BA, Heagerty PJ, et al. A randomized trial of vertebroplasty for osteoporotic spinal fractures. N Engl J Med. 2009 Aug 6;361(6):569-79.Full text Abstract
59. Buchbinder R, Osborne RH, Ebeling PR, et al. A randomized trial of vertebroplasty for painful osteoporotic vertebral fractures. N Engl J Med. 2009 Aug 6;361(6):557-68.Full text Abstract
60. Lippuner K. Medical treatment of vertebral osteoporosis. Eur Spine J. 2003 Oct;12 Suppl 2:S132-41. Abstract
61. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Raloxifene and teriparatide for the secondary prevention of osteoporotic fragility fractures in postmenopausal women. Feb 2018 [internet publication].Full text
62. Compston J, Cooper A, Cooper C, et al; National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG). UK clinical guideline for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Arch Osteoporos. 2017 Dec;12(1):43.Full text Abstract
63. Lyles KW, Gold DT, Shipp KM, et al. Association of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures with impaired functional status. Am J Med. 1993 Jun;94(6):595-601. Abstract
64. Choe DH, Marom EM, Ahrar K, et al. Pulmonary embolism of polymethyl methacrylate during percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2004 Oct;183(4):1097-102. Abstract
65. Watts NB, Harris ST, Genant HK. Treatment of painful osteoporotic vertebral fractures with percutaneous vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty. Osteoporos Int. 2001;12(6):429-37. Abstract
Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer