Musculoskeletal lower back pain

References

Key articles

American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: low back pain. 2021 [internet publication].Full text

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Low back pain and sciatica in over 16s: assessment and management. Dec 2020 [internet publication].Full text

Qaseem A, Wilt TJ, McLean RM, et al. Noninvasive treatments for acute, subacute, and chronic low back pain: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2017 Apr 4;166(7):514-30.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

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49. Zadro J, Shirley D, Ferreira M, et al. Mapping the association between vitamin D and low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Pain Physician. 2017 Nov;20(7):611-40.Full text  Abstract

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52. Alzahrani H, Mackey M, Stamatakis E, et al. The association between physical activity and low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Sci Rep. 2019 Jun 3;9(1):8244.Full text  Abstract

53. Huang R, Ning J, Chuter VH, et al. Exercise alone and exercise combined with education both prevent episodes of low back pain and related absenteeism: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) aimed at preventing back pain. Br J Sports Med. 2020 Jul;54(13):766-70.Full text  Abstract

54. Sowah D, Boyko R, Antle D, et al. Occupational interventions for the prevention of back pain: overview of systematic reviews. J Safety Res. 2018 Sep;66:39-59.Full text  Abstract

55. Hernandez-Lucas P, Leirós-Rodríguez R, Lopez-Barreiro J, et al. Is the combination of exercise therapy and health education more effective than usual medical care in the prevention of non-specific back pain? A systematic review with meta-analysis. Ann Med. 2022 Dec;54(1):3107-16.Full text  Abstract

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70. Chou R, Fu R, Carrino JA, et al. Imaging strategies for low-back pain: systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2009 Feb 7;373(9662):463-72. Abstract

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73. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Low back pain and sciatica in over 16s: assessment and management. Dec 2020 [internet publication].Full text

74. Qaseem A, Wilt TJ, McLean RM, et al. Noninvasive treatments for acute, subacute, and chronic low back pain: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2017 Apr 4;166(7):514-30.Full text  Abstract

75. Engers A, Jellema P, Wensing M, et al. Individual patient education for low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Jan 23;(1):CD004057.Full text  Abstract

76. Jones CM, Shaheed CA, Ferreira GE, et al. Advice and education provide small short-term improvements in pain and disability in people with non-specific spinal pain: a systematic review. J Physiother. 2021 Oct;67(4):263-70.Full text  Abstract

77. Zahari Z, Ishak A, Justine M. The effectiveness of patient education in improving pain, disability and quality of life among older people with low back pain: a systematic review. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2020;33(2):245-54. Abstract

78. Piano L, Ritorto V, Vigna I, et al. Individual patient education for managing acute and/or subacute low back pain: little additional benefit for pain and function compared to placebo. A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2022 Jul;52(7):432-45.Full text  Abstract

79. Dahm KT, Brurberg KG, Jamtvedt G, et al. Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute low-back pain and sciatica. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Jun 16;(6):CD007612.Full text  Abstract

80. French SD, Cameron M, Walker BF, et al. Superficial heat or cold for low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Jan 25;(1):CD004750.Full text  Abstract

81. Furlan AD, Giraldo M, Baskwill A, et al. Massage for low-back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Sep 1;(9):CD001929.Full text  Abstract

82. Mu J, Furlan AD, Lam WY, et al. Acupuncture for chronic nonspecific low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Dec 11;12(12):CD013814.Full text  Abstract

83. Wu B, Yang L, Fu C, et al. Efficacy and safety of acupuncture in treating acute low back pain: a systematic review and bayesian network meta-analysis. Ann Palliat Med. 2021 Jun;10(6):6156-67.Full text  Abstract

84. Su X, Qian H, Chen B, et al. Acupuncture for acute low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Palliat Med. 2021 Apr;10(4):3924-36.Full text  Abstract

85. Rubinstein SM, Terwee CB, Assendelft WJ, et al. Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low-back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Sep 12;(9):CD008880.Full text  Abstract

86. Schneider M, Haas M, Glick R, et al. Comparison of spinal manipulation methods and usual medical care for acute and subacute low back pain: a randomized clinical trial. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2015 Feb 15;40(4):209-17.Full text  Abstract

87. Oliphant D. Safety of spinal manipulation in the treatment of lumbar disk herniations: a systematic review and risk assessment. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2004 Mar-Apr;27(3):197-210. Abstract

88. Barrett AJ, Breen AC. Adverse effects of spinal manipulation. J R Soc Med. 2000 May;93(5):258-9.Full text  Abstract

89. Ernst E. Adverse effects of spinal manipulation: a systematic review. J R Soc Med. 2007 Jul;100(7):330-8.Full text  Abstract

90. Haas M, Vavrek D, Peterson D, et al. Dose-response and efficacy of spinal manipulation for care of chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. Spine J. 2014 Jul 1;14(7):1106-16.Full text  Abstract

91. Sun E, Moshfegh J, Rishel CA, et al. Association of early physical therapy with long-term opioid use among opioid-naive patients with musculoskeletal pain. JAMA Netw Open. 2018 Dec 7;1(8):e185909.Full text  Abstract

92. Childs JD, Fritz JM, Wu SS, et al. Implications of early and guideline adherent physical therapy for low back pain on utilization and costs. BMC Health Serv Res. 2015 Apr 9;15:150.Full text  Abstract

93. Clael S, Campos LF, Correia KL, et al. Exercise interventions can improve muscle strength, endurance, and electrical activity of lumbar extensors in individuals with non-specific low back pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2021 Aug 19;11(1):16842.Full text  Abstract

94. Karlsson M, Bergenheim A, Larsson MEH, et al. Effects of exercise therapy in patients with acute low back pain: a systematic review of systematic reviews. Syst Rev. 2020 Aug 14;9(1):182.Full text  Abstract

95. Prat-Luri A, de Los Rios-Calonge J, Moreno-Navarro P, et al. Effect of trunk-focused exercises on pain, disability, quality of life, and trunk physical fitness in low back pain and how potential effect modifiers modulate their effects: a systematic review with meta-analyses. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2023 Feb;53(2):64-93.Full text  Abstract

96. Ceballos-Laita L, Estébanez-de-Miguel E, Jiménez-Rejano JJ, et al. The effectiveness of hip interventions in patients with low-back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Braz J Phys Ther. 2023 Mar-Apr;27(2):100502.Full text  Abstract

97. de Jesus FLA, Fukuda TY, Souza C, et al. Addition of specific hip strengthening exercises to conventional rehabilitation therapy for low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rehabil. 2020 Nov;34(11):1368-77. Abstract

98. Syroyid Syroyid I, Cavero-Redondo I, Syroyid Syroyid B. Effects of resistance training on pain control and physical function in older adults with low back pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2022 Jul-Sep 01;46(3):E113-26. Abstract

99. Bernard S, Gentilcore-Saulnier E, Massé-Alarie H, et al. Is adding pelvic floor muscle training to an exercise intervention more effective at improving pain in patients with non-specific low back pain? A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Physiotherapy. 2021 Mar;110:15-25. Abstract

100. van der Gaag WH, Roelofs PD, Enthoven WT, et al. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for acute low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Apr 16;4(4):CD013581.Full text  Abstract

101. Chou R, Deyo R, Friedly J, et al. Systemic pharmacologic therapies for low back pain: a systematic review for an American College of Physicians clinical practice guideline. Ann Intern Med. 2017 Apr 4;166(7):480-92.Full text  Abstract

102. Saragiotto BT, Machado GC, Ferreira ML, et al. Paracetamol for low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Jun 7;(6):CD012230.Full text  Abstract

103. Baroncini A, Maffulli N, Al-Zyoud H, et al. Nonopioid pharmacological management of acute low back pain: A level I of evidence systematic review. J Orthop Res. 2023 Aug;41(8):1781-91.Full text  Abstract

104. Alford DP. Chronic back pain with possible prescription opioid misuse. JAMA. 2013 Mar 6;309(9):919-25. Abstract

105. Jones CMP, Day RO, Koes BW, et al. Opioid analgesia for acute low back pain and neck pain (the OPAL trial): a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2023 Jul 22;402(10398):304-12. Abstract

106. van Tulder MW, Touray T, Furlan AD, et al. Muscle relaxants for non-specific low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;(2):CD004252.Full text  Abstract

107. Cashin AG, Folly T, Bagg MK, et al. Efficacy, acceptability, and safety of muscle relaxants for adults with non-specific low back pain: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2021 Jul 7;374:n1446.Full text  Abstract

108. Cherkin DC, Wheeler KJ, Barlow W, et al. Medication use for low back pain in primary care. Spine. 1998 Mar 1;23(5):607-14. Abstract

109. Ebadi S, Henschke N, Forogh B, et al. Therapeutic ultrasound for chronic low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Jul 5;7(7):CD009169.Full text  Abstract

110. Schaafsma F, Schonstein E, Ojajärvi A, et al. Physical conditioning programs for improving work outcomes among workers with back pain. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2011 Jan;37(1):1-5. Abstract

111. Hayden JA, van Tulder MW, Malmivaara A, et al. Exercise therapy for treatment of non-specific low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005 Jul 20;(3):CD000335.Full text  Abstract

112. Hayden JA, Ellis J, Ogilvie R, et al. Exercise therapy for chronic low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Sep 28;9(9):CD009790.Full text  Abstract

113. Zhang SK, Gu ML, Zhang T, et al. Effects of exercise therapy on disability, mobility, and quality of life in the elderly with chronic low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Orthop Surg Res. 2023 Jul 19;18(1):513.Full text  Abstract

114. Díaz-Arribas MJ, Lovacs FM, Royuela A, et al; Spanish Back Pain Research Network. Effectiveness of the Godelieve Denys-Struyf (GDS) method in people with low back pain: cluster randomized controlled trial. Phys Ther. 2015 Mar;95(3):319-36. Abstract

115. Aleksiev AR. Ten-year follow-up of strengthening versus flexibility exercises with or without abdominal bracing in recurrent low back pain. Spine. 2014 Jun 1;39(13):997-1003. Abstract

116. Wang XQ, Zheng JJ, Yu ZW, et al. A meta-analysis of core stability exercise versus general exercise for chronic low back pain. PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e52082.Full text  Abstract

117. Natour J, Cazotti Lde A, Ribeiro LH, et al. Pilates improves pain, function and quality of life in patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2015 Jan;29(1):59-68. Abstract

118. Sitthipornvorakul E, Klinsophon T, Sihawong R, et al. The effects of walking intervention in patients with chronic low back pain: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2018 Apr;34:38-46. Abstract

119. Vanti C, Andreatta S, Borghi S, et al. The effectiveness of walking versus exercise on pain and function in chronic low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Disabil Rehabil. 2019 Mar;41(6):622-32. Abstract

120. Nwodo OD, Ibikunle PO, Ogbonna NL, et al. Review of core stability exercise versus conventional exercise in the management of chronic low back pain. Afr Health Sci. 2022 Dec;22(4):148-67.Full text  Abstract

121. Pocovi NC, de Campos TF, Christine Lin CW, et al. Walking, cycling, and swimming for nonspecific low back pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2022 Feb;52(2):85-99.Full text  Abstract

122. Barker AL, Talevski J, Morello RT, et al. Effectiveness of aquatic exercise for musculoskeletal conditions: a meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2014 Sep;95(9):1776-86. Abstract

123. Ma J, Zhang T, He Y, et al. Effect of aquatic physical therapy on chronic low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022 Dec 2;23(1):1050.Full text  Abstract

124. Byrnes K, Wu PJ, Whillier S. Is pilates an effective rehabilitation tool? A systematic review. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2018 Jan;22(1):192-202. Abstract

125. Lin HT, Hung WC, Hung JL, et al. Effects of pilates on patients with chronic non-specific low back pain: a systematic review. J Phys Ther Sci. 2016 Oct;28(10):2961-9.Full text  Abstract

126. Zou L, Zhang Y, Yang L, et al. Are mindful exercises safe and beneficial for treating chronic lower back pain? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Med. 2019 May 8;8(5):628.Full text  Abstract

127. Qin J, Zhang Y, Wu L, et al. Effect of Tai Chi alone or as additional therapy on low back pain: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Sep;98(37):e17099.Full text  Abstract

128. Wieland LS, Skoetz N, Pilkington K, et al. Yoga for chronic non-specific low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Nov 18;11(11):CD010671.Full text  Abstract

129. Nduwimana I, Nindorera F, Thonnard JL, et al. Effectiveness of walking versus mind-body therapies in chronic low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of recent randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020 Aug 28;99(35):e21969.Full text  Abstract

130. Zhu F, Zhang M, Wang D, et al. Yoga compared to non-exercise or physical therapy exercise on pain, disability, and quality of life for patients with chronic low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One. 2020;15(9):e0238544.Full text  Abstract

131. Wong CM, Rugg B, Geere JA. The effects of Pilates exercise in comparison to other forms of exercise on pain and disability in individuals with chronic non-specific low back pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Musculoskeletal Care. 2023 Mar;21(1):78-96.Full text  Abstract

132. Yu Z, Yin Y, Wang J, et al. Efficacy of pilates on pain, functional disorders and quality of life in patients with chronic low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 6;20(4):2850.Full text  Abstract

133. Saragiotto BT, Maher CG, Yamato TP, et al. Motor control exercise for chronic non-specific low-back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Jan 8;(1):CD012004.Full text  Abstract

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