Evaluation of maculopapular rash

References

Key articles

Resuscitation Council UK. Emergency treatment of anaphylactic reactions: guidelines for healthcare providers. May 2021 [internet publication].Full text

Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters; American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology; American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, et al. Drug allergy: an updated practice parameter. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2010 Oct;105(4):259-73. Abstract

McCrindle BW, Rowley AH, Newburger JW, et al. Diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of Kawasaki disease: a scientific statement for health professionals from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2017 Apr 25;135(17):e927-99.Full text  Abstract

Khan DA, Banerji A, Blumenthal KG, et al. Drug allergy: a 2022 practice parameter update. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2022 Dec;150(6):1333-93.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

1. Resuscitation Council UK. Emergency treatment of anaphylactic reactions: guidelines for healthcare providers. May 2021 [internet publication].Full text

2. Lott C, Truhlář A, Alfonzo A, et al. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Cardiac arrest in special circumstances. Resuscitation. 2021 Apr;161:152-219.Full text  Abstract

3. Ijaz N, McMullen E, Singh M. Cutaneous drug rashes. Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 2015 Nov;76(11):C166-9. Abstract

4. Modi A, Desai M, Shah S, et al. Analysis of cutaneous adverse drug reactions reported at the Regional ADR Monitoring Center. Indian J Dermatol. 2019 May-Jun;64(3):250.Full text  Abstract

5. Deng Q, Fang X, Zeng Q, et al. Severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions of Chinese inpatients: a meta-analysis. An Bras Dermatol. 2017 May-Jun;92(3):345-9.Full text  Abstract

6. Valeyrie-Allanore L, Sassolas B, Roujeau JC. Drug-induced skin, nail and hair disorders. Drug Saf. 2007;30(11):1011-30. Abstract

7. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Drug allergy: diagnosis and management. September 2014 [internet publication].Full text

8. Bigby M. Rates of cutaneous reactions to drugs. Arch Dermatol. 2001 Jun;137(6):765-70. Abstract

9. Böhm R, Proksch E, Schwarz T, et al. Drug hypersensitivity. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2018 Jul 23;115(29-30):501-12.Full text  Abstract

10. Bousquet PJ, Kvedariene V, Co-Minh HB, et al. Clinical presentation and time course in hypersensitivity reactions to beta-lactams. Allergy. 2007 Aug;62(8):872-6. Abstract

11. Plachouri KM, Vryzaki E, Georgiou S. Cutaneous adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors: a summarized overview. Curr Drug Saf. 2019;14(1):14-20. Abstract

12. Tan EH, Chan A. Evidence-based treatment options for the management of skin toxicities associated with epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors. Ann Pharmacother. 2009 Oct;43(10):1658-66. Abstract

13. Bierbrier R, D'Aguanno K, Oliel S, et al. An analysis of risk factors for the development of acneiform eruptions in patients on monoclonal antibody epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors. J Cutan Med Surg. 2023 Nov;27(6):614-20.Full text  Abstract

14. Rosado Ingelmo A, Doña Diaz I, Cabañas Moreno R, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis and management of hypersensitivity reactions to contrast media. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2016;26(3):144-55.Full text  Abstract

15. Thong BY, Tan TC. Epidemiology and risk factors for drug allergy. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2011 May;71(5):684-700.Full text  Abstract

16. Brandt O, Bircher AJ. Delayed-type hypersensitivity to oral and parenteral drugs. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2017 Nov;15(11):1111-32.Full text  Abstract

17. Blumenthal KG, Peter JG, Trubiano JA, et al. Antibiotic allergy. Lancet. 2019 Jan 12;393(10167):183-98.Full text  Abstract

18. Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters; American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology; American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, et al. Drug allergy: an updated practice parameter. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2010 Oct;105(4):259-73. Abstract

19. Dodiuk-Gad RP, Chung WH, Valeyrie-Allanore L, et al. Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: an update. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2015 Dec;16(6):475-93. Abstract

20. Creamer D, Walsh SA, Dziewulski P, et al. U.K. guidelines for the management of Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis in adults 2016. Br J Dermatol. 2016 Jun;174(6):1194-227.Full text  Abstract

21. Duong TA, Valeyrie-Allanore L, Wolkenstein P, et al. Severe cutaneous adverse reactions to drugs. Lancet. 2017 Oct 28;390(10106):1996-2011. Abstract

22. Kardaun SH, Sekula P, Valeyrie-Allanore L, et al. Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS): an original multisystem adverse drug reaction – results from the prospective RegiSCAR study. Br J Dermatol. 2013 Nov;169(5):1071-80.Full text  Abstract

23. Awad A, Goh MS, Trubiano JA. Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms: a systematic review. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2023 Jun;11(6):1856-68. Abstract

24. Cacoub P, Musette P, Descamps V, et al. The DRESS syndrome: a literature review. Am J Med. 2011 Jul;124(7):588-97. Abstract

25. Drago F, Ciccarese G, Gasparini G, et al. Contemporary infectious exanthems: an update. Future Microbiol. 2017 Feb;12:171-93.Full text  Abstract

26. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mpox: clinical recognition​. Aug 2023 [internet publication].Full text

27. Cherry JD. Viral exanthems. Curr Probl Pediatr. 1983 Apr;13(6):1-44. Abstract

28. Zuhair M, Smit GSA, Wallis G, et al. Estimation of the worldwide seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Med Virol. 2019 May;29(3):e2034. Abstract

29. Winter JR, Taylor GS, Thomas OG, et al. Predictors of Epstein-Barr virus serostatus in young people in England. BMC Infect Dis. 2019 Nov 28;19(1):1007.Full text  Abstract

30. Renn CN, Straff W, Dorfmuller A, et al. Amoxicillin-induced exanthema in young adults with infectious mononucleosis: demonstration of drug-specific lymphocyte reactivity. Br J Dermatol. 2002 Dec;147(6):1166-70. Abstract

31. Minta AA, Ferrari M, Antoni S, et al. Progress toward regional measles elimination - worldwide, 2000-2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Nov 25;71(47):1489-95.Full text  Abstract

32. Gastañaduy PA, Budd J, Fisher N, et al. A measles outbreak in an underimmunized amish community in Ohio. N Engl J Med. 2016 Oct 6;375(14):1343-54.Full text  Abstract

33. Kimura H, Shirabe K, Takeda M, et al. The association between documentation of Koplik spots and laboratory diagnosis of measles and other rash diseases in a National Measles Surveillance Program in Japan. Front Microbiol. 2019;10:269.Full text  Abstract

34. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC pink book: epidemiology and prevention of vaccine-preventable diseases - measles. Aug 2021 [internet publication].Full text

35. UK Health Security Agency. National measles guidelines. Jul 2024 [internet publication].Full text

36. Hübschen JM, Gouandjika-Vasilache I, Dina J. Measles. Lancet. 2022 Feb 12;399(10325):678-90. Abstract

37. Cherry JD. Parvovirus infections in children and adults. Adv Pediatr. 1999;46:245-69. Abstract

38. Staroselsky A, Klieger-Grossmann C, Garcia-Bournissen F, et al. Exposure to fifth disease in pregnancy. Can Fam Physician. 2009 Dec;55(12):1195-8.Full text  Abstract

39. Enders M, Weidner A, Zoellner I, et al. Fetal morbidity and mortality after acute human parvovirus B19 infection in pregnancy: prospective evaluation of 1018 cases. Prenat Diagn. 2004 Jul;24(7):513-8. Abstract

40. Hellmund A, Geipel A, Berg C, et al. Early intrauterine transfusion in fetuses with severe anemia caused by parvovirus B19 infection. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2018;43(2):129-37. Abstract

41. Kimberlin DW. Human herpesviruses 6 and 7: identification of newly recognized viral pathogens and their association with human disease. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1998 Jan;17(1):59-67; quiz 68. Abstract

42. Porras B, Costner M, Friedman-Kien AE, et al. Update on cutaneous manifestations of HIV infection. Med Clin North Am. 1998 Sep;82(5):1033-80, v. Abstract

43. Dobson JS, Levell NJ. Spotting Zika spots: descriptive features of the rash used in 66 published cases. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2019 Jan;44(1):4-12.Full text  Abstract

44. de Araújo TVB, Rodrigues LC, de Alencar Ximenes RA, et al. Association between Zika virus infection and microcephaly in Brazil, January to May, 2016: preliminary report of a case-control study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2016 Sep 16;16(12):1356-63.Full text  Abstract

45. Kortepeter MG, Bausch DG, Bray M. Basic clinical and laboratory features of filoviral hemorrhagic fever. J Infect Dis. 2011;204(suppl 3):S810-16.Full text  Abstract

46. Dallatomasinas S, Crestani R, Squire JS, et al. Ebola outbreak in rural West Africa: epidemiology, clinical features and outcomes. Trop Med Int Health. 2015 Apr;20(4):448-54. Abstract

47. WHO Ebola Response Team. Ebola virus disease in West Africa: the first 9 months of the epidemic and forward projections. N Engl J Med. 2014 Oct 16;371(16):1481-95.Full text  Abstract

48. Lado M, Walker N, Baker P, et al. Clinical features of patients isolated for suspected Ebola virus disease at Connaught Hospital, Freetown, Sierra Leone: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2015 Sep;15(9):1024-33. Abstract

49. Nkoghe D, Leroy EM, Toung-Mve M, et al. Cutaneous manifestations of filovirus infections. Int J Dermatol. 2012 Sep;51(9):1037-43. Abstract

50. World Health Organization. Clinical management and infection prevention and control for monkeypox: interim rapid response guidance, 10 June 2022. Jun 2022 [internet publication].Full text

51. World Health Organization. Mpox. Aug 2024 [internet publication].Full text

52. Petersen E, Kantele A, Koopmans M, et al. Human monkeypox: epidemiologic and clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and prevention. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2019 Dec;33(4):1027-43.Full text  Abstract

53. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mpox: case definitions​. Jun 2024 [internet publication].Full text

54. McCollum AM, Shelus V, Hill A, et al. Epidemiology of human mpox - worldwide, 2018-2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2023 Jan 20;72(3):68-72.Full text  Abstract

55. World Health Organization.​ WHO director-general declares mpox outbreak a public health emergency of international concern. Aug 2014 [internet publication].Full text

56. Huang YA, Howard-Jones AR, Durrani S, et al. Monkeypox: a clinical update for paediatricians. J Paediatr Child Health. 2022 Sep;58(9):1532-8.Full text  Abstract

57. Gemmell CG. Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. J Med Microbiol. 1995 Nov;43(5):318-27. Abstract

58. Cribier B, Piemont Y, Grosshans E. Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in adults. A clinical review illustrated with a new case. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1994 Feb;30(2 Pt 2):319-24. Abstract

59. Hajjeh RA, Reingold A, Weil A, et al. Toxic shock syndrome in the United States: surveillance update, 1979-1996. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999 Nov-Dec;5(6):807-10.Full text  Abstract

60. Reingold AL, Hargrett NT, Shands KN, et al. Toxic shock syndrome surveillance in the United States, 1980 to 1981. Ann Intern Med. 1982 Jun;96(6 Pt 2):875-80. Abstract

61. UK Health Security Agency. Scarlet fever: symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. Mar 2019 [internet publication].Full text

62. UK Health Security Agency. Group A streptococcal infections: activity during the 2022 to 2023 season. Jun 2023 [internet publication].Full text

63. Shulman ST, Bisno AL, Clegg HW, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis: 2012 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Nov 15;55(10):e86-102.Full text  Abstract

64. Committee on Infectious Diseases; American Academy of Pediatrics. Red book. 32nd ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: AAP; 2021.

65. Gerber MA, Baltimore RS, Eaton CB, et al. Prevention of rheumatic fever and diagnosis and treatment of acute streptococcal pharyngitis: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, the Interdisciplinary Council on Functional Genomics and Translational Biology, and the Interdisciplinary Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research: endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Circulation. 2009 Mar 24;119(11):1541-51.Full text  Abstract

66. UK Health Security Agency. Update on scarlet fever and invasive group A strep​. May 2023 [internet publication].Full text

67. World Health Organization. Increased incidence of scarlet fever and invasive group A Streptococcus infection - multi-country. Dec 2022 [internet publication].Full text

68. Lerch M, Mainetti C, Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli B, et al. Current perspectives on erythema multiforme. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2018 Feb;54(1):177-84. Abstract

69. Gottlieb M, Long B, Koyfman A. The evaluation and management of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in the emergency department: a review of the literature. J Emerg Med. 2018 Jul;55(1):42-50. Abstract

70. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC yellow book 2024: travelers' health. Travel-associated infections and diseases - rickettsial diseases​. May 2023 [internet publication].Full text

71. Zeiser R, Blazar BR. Acute graft-versus-host disease: biologic process, prevention, and therapy. N Engl J Med. 2017 Nov 30;377(22):2167-79.Full text  Abstract

72. Malard F, Holler E, Sandmaier BM, et al. Acute graft-versus-host disease. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2023 Jun 8;9(1):27.Full text  Abstract

73. Hahn T, McCarthy PL Jr, Zhang MJ, et al. Risk factors for acute graft-versus-host disease after human leukocyte antigen-identical sibling transplants for adults with leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Dec 10;26(35):5728-34. Abstract

74. Ringdén O, Pavletic SZ, Anasetti C, et al. The graft-versus-leukemia effect using matched unrelated donors is not superior to HLA-identical siblings for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Blood. 2009 Mar 26;113(13):3110-8.Full text  Abstract

75. Khoury HJ, Wang T, Hemmer MT, et al. Improved survival after acute graft-versus-host disease diagnosis in the modern era. Haematologica. 2017 May;102(5):958-66.Full text  Abstract

76. McCrindle BW, Rowley AH, Newburger JW, et al. Diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of Kawasaki disease: a scientific statement for health professionals from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2017 Apr 25;135(17):e927-99.Full text  Abstract

77. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Fever in under 5s: assessment and initial management. Nov 2021 [internet publication].Full text

78. Mehrpoor G, Owlia MB, Soleimani H, et al. Adult-onset Still's disease: a report of 28 cases and review of the literature. Mod Rheumatol. 2008;18(5):480-5. Abstract

79. Falcini F, Cimaz R. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2000 Sep;12(5):415-9. Abstract

80. Alvarez-Perea A, Tomás-Pérez M, Martínez-Lezcano P, et al. Anaphylaxis in adolescent/adult patients treated in the emergency department: differences between initial impressions and the definitive diagnosis. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2015;25(4):288-94.Full text  Abstract

81. Braganza SC, Acworth JP, Mckinnon DR, et al. Paediatric emergency department anaphylaxis: different patterns from adults. Arch Dis Child. 2006 Feb;91(2):159-63. Abstract

82. Panchal AR, Bartos JA, Cabañas JG, et al. Part 3: Adult basic and advanced life support: 2020 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation. 2020 Oct 20;142(16_suppl_2):S366-468.Full text  Abstract

83. Shaker MS, Wallace DV, Golden DBK, et al. Anaphylaxis-a 2020 practice parameter update, systematic review, and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020 Apr;145(4):1082-123.Full text  Abstract

84. Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, et al. The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016 Feb 23;315(8):801-10.Full text  Abstract

85. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Suspected sepsis: recognition, diagnosis and early management. Mar 2024 [internet publication].Full text

86. Evans L, Rhodes A, Alhazzani W, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021. Crit Care Med. 2021 Nov 1;49(11):e1063-143.Full text  Abstract

87. Royal College of Physicians. National early warning score (NEWS) 2: standardising the assessment of acute-illness severity in the NHS. December 2017 [internet publication].Full text

88. American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) Expert Panel on Sepsis. DART: an evidence-driven tool to guide the early recognition and treatment of sepsis and septic shock [internet publication].Full text

89. Academy of Medical Royal Colleges. Statement on the initial antimicrobial treatment of sepsis. Oct 2022 [internet publication].Full text

90. Schlapbach LJ, Watson RS, Sorce LR, et al. International consensus criteria for pediatric sepsis and septic shock. JAMA. 2024 Feb 27;331(8):665-74. Abstract

91. Surviving Sepsis Campaign. Hour-1 bundle: initial resuscitation for sepsis and septic shock. 2019 [internet publication].Full text

92. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Fatal cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in family clusters-three states, 2003. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2004 May 21;53(19):407-10.Full text  Abstract

93. World Health Organization. Therapeutics for Ebola virus disease​. Aug 2022 [internet publication].Full text

94. World Health Organization. Dengue: guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control. 2009 [internet publication].Full text  Abstract

95. World Health Organization. Comprehensive guidelines for prevention and control of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever. 2011 [internet publication].Full text

96. World Health Organization. Handbook for clinical management of dengue. 2012 [internet publication].Full text

97. Drago F, Rampini E, Rebora A. Atypical exanthems: morphology and laboratory investigations may lead to an aetiological diagnosis in about 70% of cases. Br J Dermatol. 2002 Aug;147(2):255-60. Abstract

98. Li P, Li J, Ayada I, et al. Clinical features, antiviral treatment, and patient outcomes: a systematic review and comparative analysis of the previous and the 2022 mpox outbreaks. J Infect Dis. 2023 Aug 16;228(4):391-401.Full text  Abstract

99. Hatami H, Jamshidi P, Arbabi M, et al. Demographic, epidemiologic, and clinical characteristics of human monkeypox disease pre- and post-2022 outbreaks: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biomedicines. 2023 Mar 20;11(3):957.Full text  Abstract

100. Belum VR, Benhuri B, Postow MA, et al. Characterisation and management of dermatologic adverse events to agents targeting the PD-1 receptor. Eur J Cancer. 2016 Jun;60:12-25.Full text  Abstract

101. Berbis, P. Rickettsial diseases. In: Bolognia JL, Jorizzo JL, Rapini RP, eds. Dermatology. Elsevier; 2003:1165-70.

102. O'Byrne P, MacPherson P. Syphilis. BMJ. 2019 Jun 28;365:l4159.Full text  Abstract

103. Stary A. Sexually transmitted diseases. In: Bolognia JL, Jorizzo JL, Rapini RP, eds. Dermatology. Elsevier; 2003:1271-81.

104. Blume JE, Levine EG, Heymann WR. Bacterial diseases. In: Bolognia JL, Jorizzo JL, Rapini RP, eds. Dermatology. Elsevier; 2003:1117-44.

105. Evans AS, Niederman JC, Cenabre LC, et al. A prospective evaluation of heterophile and Epstein-Barr virus-specific IgM antibody tests in clinical and subclinical infectious mononucleosis: Specificity and sensitivity of the tests and persistence of antibody. J Infect Dis. 1999 Nov-Dec;5(6):807-10. Abstract

106. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Rubella (German measles, three-day measles): serology testing for rubella. Apr 2024 [internet publication].Full text

107. Ferry T, Thomas D, Bouchut JC, et al. Early diagnosis of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome by detection of the TSST-1 Vbeta signature in peripheral blood of a 12-year-old boy. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2008 Mar;27(3):274-7. Abstract

108. World Health Organization. Diagnostic testing for the monkeypox virus (‎MPXV)‎: interim guidance, 10 May 2024. May 2024 [internet publication].Full text

109. Mirakian R, Ewan PW, Durham SR, et al. BSACI guidelines for the management of drug allergy. Clin Exp Allergy. 2009 Jan;39(1):43-61.Full text  Abstract

110. Nigen S, Knowles SR, Shear NH. Drug eruptions: approaching the diagnosis of drug-induced skin diseases. J Drugs Dermatol. 2003 Jun;2(3):278-99. Abstract

111. Hassoun-Kheir N, Bergman R1, Weltfriend S. The use of patch tests in the diagnosis of delayed hypersensitivity drug eruptions. Int J Dermatol. 2016 Nov;55(11):1219-24. Abstract

112. Aberer W, Bircher A, Romano A, et al. Drug provocation testing in the diagnosis of drug hypersensitivity reactions: general consideration. Allergy. 2003 Sep;58(9):854-63. Abstract

113. Gibson A, Deshpande P, Campbell CN, et al. Updates on the immunopathology and genomics of severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2023 Feb;151(2):289-300.e4.Full text  Abstract

114. Khan DA, Banerji A, Blumenthal KG, et al. Drug allergy: a 2022 practice parameter update. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2022 Dec;150(6):1333-93.Full text  Abstract

115. Simundic AM, Bölenius K, Cadamuro J, et al. Joint EFLM-COLABIOCLI recommendation for venous blood sampling. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2018;56(12):2015-38. Abstract

116. Lammintausta K, Kortekangas-Savolainen O. The usefulness of skin tests to prove drug hypersensitivity. Br J Dermatol. 2005 May;152(5):968-74. Abstract

117. Golden DB, Demain J, Freeman T, et al. Stinging insect hypersensitivity: A practice parameter update 2016. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2017 Jan;118(1):28-54.Full text  Abstract

118. Elzagallaai AA, Knowles SR, Rieder MJ, et al. Patch testing for the diagnosis of anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome: a systematic review. Drug Saf. 2009;32(5):391-408. Abstract

119. Cham PM, Warshaw EM. Patch testing for evaluating drug reactions due to systemic antibiotics. Dermatitis. 2007 Jun;18(2):63-77. Abstract

120. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Laboratory testing for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Apr 2024 [internet publication].Full text

121. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mpox: guidelines for collecting and handling specimens for mpox testing. Apr 2024 [internet publication].Full text

122. UK Health Security Agency. Guidance on mpox: diagnostic testing. Sep 2024 [internet publication].Full text

123. McQuiston JH, Luce R, Kazadi DM, et al. U.S. preparedness and response to increasing clade I mpox cases in the Democratic Republic of the Congo - United States, 2024. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2024 May 16;73(19):435-40.Full text  Abstract

124. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mpox: information for healthcare professionals. Aug 2024 [internet publication].Full text

125. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Laboratory testing for measles. Apr 2024 [internet publication].Full text

126. Windfuhr JP, Toepfner N, Steffen G, et al. Clinical practice guideline: tonsillitis I. Diagnostics and nonsurgical management. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Apr;273(4):973-87.Full text  Abstract

127. Cohen JF, Bertille N, Cohen R, et al. Rapid antigen detection test for group A streptococcus in children with pharyngitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Jul 4;7(7):CD010502.Full text  Abstract

128. Lean WL, Arnup S, Danchin M, et al. Rapid diagnostic tests for group A streptococcal pharyngitis: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2014 Oct;134(4):771-81. Abstract

129. Barakat AJ, Evans C, Gill M, et al. Rapid strep testing in children with recently treated streptococcal pharyngitis. Pediatr Investig. 2019 Mar;3(1):27-30.Full text  Abstract

130. Biggs HM, Behravesh CB, Bradley KK, et al. Diagnosis and management of tickborne rickettsial diseases: Rocky Mountain spotted fever and other spotted fever group rickettsioses, ehrlichioses, and anaplasmosis: United States. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2016 May 13;65(2):1-44.Full text  Abstract

131. Sharp TM, Fischer M, Muñoz-Jordán JL, et al. Dengue and Zika virus diagnostic testing for patients with a clinically compatible illness and risk for infection with both viruses. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2019 Jun 14;68(1):1-10.Full text  Abstract

Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer