Equinovarus foot deformity

Cady R, Hennessey TA, Schwend RM. Diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic congenital clubfoot. Pediatrics. 2022 Feb;149(2):e2021055555.Full text  Abstract

British Society for Children’s Orthopaedic Surgery (BSCOS). Management of clubfoot deformity in children up to walking age. Jul 2021 [internet publication].Full text

Besselaar AT, Sakkers RJB, Schuppers HA, et al. Guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of primary idiopathic clubfoot. Acta Orthop. 2017 Mar 7;88(3):305-9.Full text  Abstract

Staheli L, ed. Clubfoot: Ponseti management, 3rd ed. Seattle, WA: Global HELP; 2009.Full text

1. Barker S, Chesney D, Miedzybrodzka Z, et al. Genetics and epidemiology of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus. J Pediatr Orthop. 2003;23:265-272. Abstract

2. Dietz F. The genetics of idiopathic clubfoot. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2002;(401):39-48. Abstract

3. Besselaar AT, Kamp MC, Reijman M, et al. Incidence of congenital idiopathic clubfoot in the Netherlands. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2018 Nov;27(6):563-567.Full text  Abstract

4. Ansar A, Rahman AE, Romero L, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of global birth prevalence of clubfoot: a study protocol. BMJ Open. 2018 Mar 6;8(3):e019246.Full text  Abstract

5. Ponseti IV, Zhivkov M, Davis N, et al. Treatment of the complex idiopathic clubfoot. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2006;451:171-176. Abstract

6. Wallander H, Hovelius L, Michaelsson K. Incidence of congenital clubfoot in Sweden. Acta Orthop. 2006 Dec;77(6):847-52. Abstract

7. Esbjörnsson AC, Johansson A, Andriesse H, et al. Epidemiology of clubfoot in Sweden from 2016 to 2019: a national register study. PLoS One. 2021 Dec 2;16(12):e0260336.Full text  Abstract

8. Cowell HR, Wein BK. Genetic aspects of club foot. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1980;62:1381-1384. Abstract

9. Wynne-Davies R. Family studies and the cause of congenital club foot, talipes equinovarus, talipes calcaneo-valgus and metatarsus varus. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1964;46-B:445-463.Full text  Abstract

10. Barker SL, Macnicol MF. Seasonal distribution of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus in Scotland. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2002;11:129-133. Abstract

11. Carney BT, Coburn TR. Demographics of idiopathic clubfoot: is there a seasonal variation? J Pediatr Orthop. 2005;25:351-352. Abstract

12. Dobbs MB, Gurnett CA. Update on clubfoot: etiology and treatment. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2009 May;467(5):1146-53.Full text  Abstract

13. Ponseti IV, Smoley EN. The classic: congenital club foot: the results of treatment. 1963. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2009;467:1133-1145.Full text  Abstract

14. Ponseti IV, Campos J. The classic: observations on pathogenesis and treatment of congenital clubfoot. 1972. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2009;467:1124-1132.Full text  Abstract

15. Ponseti IV. Treatment of congenital club foot. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1992;74:448-454. Abstract

16. Herceg MB, Weiner DS, Agamanolis DP, et al. Histologic and histochemical analysis of muscle specimens in idiopathic talipes equinovarus. J Pediatr Orthop. 2006;26:91-93. Abstract

17. Chen C, Kaushal N, Scher DM, et al. Clubfoot etiology: a meta-analysis and systematic review of observational and randomized trials. J Pediatr Orthop. 2018 Sep;38(8):e462-9. Abstract

18. Dodwell E, Risoe P, Wright J. Factors associated with increased risk of clubfoot: a Norwegian national cohort analysis. J Pediatr Orthop. 2015 Dec;35(8):e104-9. Abstract

19. Bar-On E, Mashiach R, Inbar O, et al. Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of club foot: outcome and recommendations for counselling and follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2005;87-B:990-993. Abstract

20. Mammen L, Benson CB. Outcome of fetuses with clubfeet diagnosed by prenatal sonography. J Ultrasound Med. 2004;23:497-500. Abstract

21. Cady R, Hennessey TA, Schwend RM. Diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic congenital clubfoot. Pediatrics. 2022 Feb;149(2):e2021055555.Full text  Abstract

22. British Society for Children’s Orthopaedic Surgery (BSCOS). Management of clubfoot deformity in children up to walking age. Jul 2021 [internet publication].Full text

23. Ibrahim T, Riaz M, Hegazy A. The prevalence of developmental dysplasia of the hip in idiopathic clubfoot: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Orthop. 2015 Jul;39(7):1371-8.Full text  Abstract

24. Paton RW, Choudry QA, Jugdey R, et al. Is congenital talipes equinovarus a risk factor for pathological dysplasia of the hip? : a 21-year prospective, longitudinal observational study. Bone Joint J. 2014 Nov;96-B(11):1553-5.Full text  Abstract

25. Pollet V, Percy V, Prior HJ. Relative Risk and Incidence for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip. J Pediatr. 2017 Feb;181:202-207.Full text  Abstract

26. Besselaar AT, Sakkers RJB, Schuppers HA, et al. Guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of primary idiopathic clubfoot. Acta Orthop. 2017 Mar 7;88(3):305-9.Full text  Abstract

27. Carney BT, Vanek EA. Incidence of hip dysplasia in idiopathic clubfoot. J Surg Orthop Adv. 2006;15:71-73. Abstract

28. Westberry DE, Davids JR, Pugh LI. Clubfoot and developmental dysplasia of the hip: value of screening hip radiographs in children with clubfoot. J Pediatr Orthop. 2003;23:503-507. Abstract

29. Ponseti IV. The Ponseti technique for correction of congenital clubfoot. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002;84-A:1889-1890. Abstract

30. Ponseti IV, Becker JR. Congenital metatarsus adductus: the results of treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1966;48-A:702-711. Abstract

31. Staheli L, ed. Clubfoot: Ponseti management, 3rd ed. Seattle, WA: Global HELP; 2009.Full text

32. Noonan KJ, Richards BS. Nonsurgical management of idiopathic clubfoot. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2003;11:392-402. Abstract

33. Dobbs MB, Rudzki JR, Purcell DB, et al. Factors predictive of outcome after use of the Ponseti method for the treatment of idiopathic clubfeet. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004;86-A:22-27. Abstract

34. Bina S, Pacey V, Barnes EH, et al. Interventions for congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 May 15;5:CD008602.Full text  Abstract

35. Janicki JA, Narayanan UG, Harvey BJ, et al. Comparison of surgeon and physiotherapist-directed Ponseti treatment of idiopathic clubfoot. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009;91-A:1101-1108. Abstract

36. Faulks S, Richards BS. Clubfoot treatment: Ponseti and French functional methods are equally effective. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2009;467:1278-1282. Abstract

37. Richards BS, Faulks S, Rathjen KE, et al. A comparison of two nonoperative methods of idiopathic clubfoot correction: the Ponseti method and the French functional (physiotherapy) method. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008;90-A:2313-2321. Abstract

38. Richards BS, Johnston CE, Wilson H. Nonoperative clubfoot treatment using the French physical therapy method. J Pediatr Orthop. 2005;25:98-102. Abstract

39. Pittner DE, Klingele KE, Beebe AC. Treatment of clubfoot with the Ponseti method: a comparison of casting materials. J Pediatr Orthop. 2008;28:250-253. Abstract

40. Morcuende JA, Abbasi D, Dolan LA, et al. Results of an accelerated Ponseti protocol for clubfoot. J Pediatr Orthop. 2005;25:623-626. Abstract

41. Scher DM, Feldman DS, van Bosse HJ, et al. Predicting the need for tenotomy in the Ponseti method for correction of clubfeet. J Pediatr Orthop. 2004;24:349-352. Abstract

42. Agius L, Wickham A, Walker C, et al. Achilles tenotomy as an office procedure and current practising trends among New Zealand orthopaedic surgeons. N Z Med J. 2018 May 18;131(1475):44-50. Abstract

43. Lebel E, Karasik M, Bernstein-Weyel M, et al. Achilles tenotomy as an office procedure: safety and efficacy as part of the Ponseti serial casting protocol for clubfoot. J Pediatr Orthop. 2012 Jun;32(4):412-5.Full text  Abstract

44. Chen RC, Gordon JE, Luhmann SJ, et al. A new dynamic foot abduction orthosis for clubfoot treatment. J Pediatr Orthop. 2007 Jul-Aug;27(5):522-8. Abstract

45. Alvarez CM, De Vera MA, Chhina H, et al. The use of botulinum type A toxin in the treatment of idiopathic clubfoot: 5-year follow-up. Pediatr Orthop. 2009;29:570-575. Abstract

46. Cummings RJ. The effectiveness of botulinum A toxin as an adjunct to the treatment of clubfeet by the Ponseti method: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study. J Pediatr Orthop. 2009;29:564-569. Abstract

47. Alvarez CM, Wright JG, Chhina H, et al. Botulinum toxin type A versus placebo for idiopathic clubfoot: a two-center, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2018 Sep 19;100(18):1589-96. Abstract

48. Chhina H, Howren A, Simmonds A, et al. Onabotulinumtoxin A injections: a safety review of children with clubfoot under 2 years of age at BC Children's Hospital. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2014 Mar;18(2):171-5.Full text  Abstract

49. Laaveg SJ, Ponseti IV. Long-term results of treatment of congenital club foot. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1980;62-A:23-31. Abstract

50. Cooper DM, Dietz FR. Treatment of idiopathic clubfoot: a thirty-year follow-up note. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1995;77-A:1477-89. Abstract

51. Dietz FR. Treatment of a recurrent clubfoot deformity after initial correction with the Ponseti technique. Instr Course Lect. 2006;55:625-629. Abstract

52. Dobbs MB, Gordon JE, Walton T, et al. Bleeding complications following percutaneous tendoachilles tenotomy in the treatment of clubfoot deformity. J Pediatr Orthop. 2004;24:353-357. Abstract

53. Dobbs MB, Gordon JE, Schoenecker PL. Absent posterior tibial artery associated with idiopathic clubfoot: a report of two cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004;86-A:599-602. Abstract

54. Burghardt RD, Herzenberg JE, Ranade A. Pseudoaneurysm after Ponseti percutaneous Achilles tenotomy: a case report. J Pediatr Orthop. 2008;28:366-369. Abstract

55. Aydin BK, Sofu H. Predicting the need for surgical intervention in patients with idiopathic clubfoot. J Pediatr Orthop. 2015 Aug 11 [Epub ahead of print]. Abstract

56. Goldstein RY, Seehausen DA, Chu A, et al. Predicting the need for surgical intervention in patients with idiopathic clubfoot. J Pediatr Orthop. 2015 Jun;35(4):395-402.Full text  Abstract

57. Luckett MR, Hosseinzadeh P, Ashley PA, et al. Factors predictive of second recurrence in clubfeet treated by Ponseti casting. J Pediatr Orthop. 2015;35:303-306. Abstract