References
Key articles
Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society. The international classification of headache disorders, 3rd edition. Cephalalgia. 2018 Jan;38(1):1-211.Full text Abstract
Oskoui M, Pringsheim T, Billinghurst L, et al. Practice guideline update summary: pharmacologic treatment for pediatric migraine prevention. Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Headache Society. Neurology. 2019 Sep 10;93(11):500-9.Full text Abstract
Oskoui M, Pringsheim T, Holler-Managan Y, et al. Practice guideline update summary: acute treatment of migraine in children and adolescents. Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Headache Society. Neurology. 2019 Sep 10;93(11):487-99.Full text Abstract
Richer L, Billinghurst L, Linsdell MA, et al. Drugs for the acute treatment of migraine in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Apr 19;(4):CD005220.Full text Abstract
Reference articles
1. Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society. The international classification of headache disorders, 3rd edition. Cephalalgia. 2018 Jan;38(1):1-211.Full text Abstract
2. Özge A, Faedda N, Abu-Arafeh I, et al. Experts' opinion about the primary headache diagnostic criteria of the ICHD-3rd edition beta in children and adolescents. J Headache Pain. 2017 Nov 23;18(1):109.Full text Abstract
3. Onofri A, Pensato U, Rosignoli C, et al; European Headache Federation School of Advanced Studies (EHF-SAS). Primary headache epidemiology in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Headache Pain. 2023 Feb 14;24(1):8.Full text Abstract
4. Victor TW, Hu X, Campbell JC, et al. Migraine prevalence by age and sex in the United States: a life-span study. Cephalalgia. 2010 Sep;30(9):1065-72.Full text Abstract
5. Oskoui M, Pringsheim T, Billinghurst L, et al. Practice guideline update summary: pharmacologic treatment for pediatric migraine prevention. Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Headache Society. Neurology. 2019 Sep 10;93(11):500-9.Full text Abstract
6. Lipton RB, Silberstein SD, Stewart WF. An update on the epidemiology of migraine. Headache. 1994 Jun;34(6):319-28. Abstract
7. Barnes N, Millman G, James E. Migraine headache in children. Clin Evid. 2006 Jun;(15):469-75. Abstract
8. Stewart WF, Staffa J, Lipton RB, et al. Familial risk of migraine: a population-based study. Ann Neurol. 1997 Feb;41(2):166-72. Abstract
9. Dodick DW. A phase-by-phase review of migraine pathophysiology. Headache. 2018 May;58 Suppl 1:4-16.Full text Abstract
10. Karsan N, Prabhakar P, Goadsby PJ. Premonitory symptoms of migraine in childhood and adolescence. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2017 Jul;21(7):34.Full text Abstract
11. Maniyar FH, Sprenger T, Monteith T, et al. Brain activations in the premonitory phase of nitroglycerin-triggered migraine attacks. Brain. 2014 Jan;137(pt 1):232-41. Abstract
12. Moulton EA, Becerra L, Johnson A, et al. Altered hypothalamic functional connectivity with autonomic circuits and the locus coeruleus in migraine. PLoS One. 2014;9(4):e95508.Full text Abstract
13. Burstein R, Jakubowski M. Unitary hypothesis for multiple triggers of the pain and strain of migraine. J Comp Neurol. 2005 Dec 5;493(1):9-14. Abstract
14. Noseda R, Kainz V, Borsook D, et al. Neurochemical pathways that converge on thalamic trigeminovascular neurons: potential substrate for modulation of migraine by sleep, food intake, stress and anxiety. PLoS One. 2014;9(8):e103929.Full text Abstract
15. Leão AAP. Further observations on the spreading depression of activity in the cerebral cortex. J Neurophysiol. 1947 Nov;10(6):409-14. Abstract
16. Giffin NJ, Lipton RB, Silberstein SD, et al. The migraine postdrome: an electronic diary study. Neurology. 2016 Jul 19;87(3):309-13.Full text Abstract
17. Grangeon L, Lange KS, Waliszewska-Prosół M, et al; European Headache Federation School of Advanced Studies (EHF-SAS). Genetics of migraine: where are we now? J Headache Pain. 2023 Feb 20;24(1):12.Full text Abstract
18. Crawford MJ, Lehman L, Slater S, et al. Menstrual migraine in adolescents. Headache. 2009 Mar;49(3):341-7. Abstract
19. Viticchi G, Altamura C, Falsetti L, et al. Poor sleep quality in patients affected by migraine: a population study. Neurol Sci. 2020 Dec;41(suppl 2):495-6. Abstract
20. Voci A, Bruni O, Ferilli MAN, et al. Sleep disorders in pediatric migraine: a questionnaire-based study. J Clin Med. 2021 Aug 14;10(16):3575.Full text Abstract
21. Passchier J, Orlebeke JF. Headaches and stress in schoolchildren: an epidemiological study. Cephalalgia. 1985 Sep;5(3):167-76. Abstract
22. Lipton RB, Serrano D, Nicholson RA, et al. Impact of NSAID and triptan use on developing chronic migraine: results from the American Migraine Prevalence and Prevention (AMPP) study. Headache. 2013 Nov-Dec;53(10):1548-63. Abstract
23. Frattale I, Ruscitto C, Papetti L, et al. Migraine and its equivalents: what do they share? A narrative review on common pathophysiological patterns. Life (Basel). 2021 Dec 12;11(12):1392.Full text Abstract
24. Lipson S, Wang A, Corcoran M, et al. Severe motion sickness in infants and children. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2020 Sep;28:176-9. Abstract
25. Eigenbrodt AK, Ashina H, Khan S, et al. Diagnosis and management of migraine in ten steps. Nat Rev Neurol. 2021 Aug;17(8):501-14.Full text Abstract
26. Oskoui M, Pringsheim T, Holler-Managan Y, et al. Practice guideline update summary: acute treatment of migraine in children and adolescents. Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Headache Society. Neurology. 2019 Sep 10;93(11):487-99.Full text Abstract
27. Seng EK, Martin PR, Houle TT. Lifestyle factors and migraine. Lancet Neurol. 2022 Oct;21(10):911-21. Abstract
28. American College of Radiology. Ten things physicians and patients should question. Choosing Wisely, an initiative of the ABIM Foundation. 2021 [internet publication].Full text
29. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: headache - child. 2017 [internet publication].Full text
30. American Academy of Neurology. Five things physicians and patients should question. Choosing Wisely, an initiative of the ABIM Foundation. 2022 [internet publication].Full text
31. Lewis DW, Ashwal S, Dahl G, et al. Practice parameter: evaluation of children and adolescents with recurrent headaches. Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society. Neurology. 2002 Aug 27;59(4):490-8.Full text Abstract
32. Richer L, Billinghurst L, Linsdell MA, et al. Drugs for the acute treatment of migraine in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Apr 19;(4):CD005220.Full text Abstract
33. Hämäläinen ML, Hoppu K, Valkeila E, et al. Ibuprofen or acetaminophen for the acute treatment of migraine in children: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Neurology. 1997 Jan;48(1):103-7. Abstract
34. Wakerley BR. Medication-overuse headache. Pract Neurol. 2019 Oct;19(5):399-403. Abstract
35. Brandes JL, Kudrow D, Stark SR, et al. Sumatriptan-naproxen for acute treatment of migraine: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2007 Apr 4;297(13):1443-54.Full text Abstract
36. Raucci U, Boni A, Evangelisti M, et al. Lifestyle modifications to help prevent headache at a developmental age. Front Neurol. 2021 Feb 2;11:618375.Full text Abstract
37. Guidetti V, Dosi C, Bruni O. The relationship between sleep and headache in children: implications for treatment. Cephalalgia. 2014 Sep;34(10):767-76.Full text Abstract
38. Paruthi S, Brooks LJ, D'Ambrosio C, et al. Consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine on the recommended amount of sleep for healthy children: methodology and discussion. J Clin Sleep Med. 2016 Nov 15;12(11):1549-61.Full text Abstract
39. Bjørk MH, Zoega H, Leinonen MK, et al. Association of prenatal exposure to antiseizure medication with risk of autism and intellectual disability. JAMA Neurol. 2022 Jul 1;79(7):672-81.Full text Abstract
40. Marmura MJ. Safety of topiramate for treating migraines. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2014 Sep;13(9):1241-7. Abstract
41. Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (UK). Topiramate (Topamax): introduction of new safety measures, including a Pregnancy Prevention Programme. Jun 2024 [internet publication].Full text
42. European Medicines Agency Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (PRAC). PRAC recommends new measures to avoid topiramate exposure in pregnancy. Sep 2023 [internet publication].Full text
43. Powers SW, Kashikar-Zuck SM, Allen JR, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy plus amitriptyline for chronic migraine in children and adolescents: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2013 Dec 25;310(24):2622-30.Full text Abstract
44. Shimomura H, Tokunaga S, Terasaki E, et al. Cyproheptadine treatment in children and adolescents with migraine: a retrospective study in Japan. Neurol Int. 2024 Oct 30;16(6):1308-17.Full text Abstract
45. O'Brien HL, Kabbouche MA, Hershey AD. Treating pediatric migraine: an expert opinion. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2012 May;13(7):959-66. Abstract
46. Ashrafi MR, Salehi S, Malamiri RA, et al. Efficacy and safety of cinnarizine in the prophylaxis of migraine in children: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial. Pediatr Neurol. 2014 Oct;51(4):503-8. Abstract
47. Greene KA, Gentile CP, Szperka CL, et al. Calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibody use for the preventive treatment of refractory headache disorders in adolescents. Pediatr Neurol. 2021 Jan;114:62-7.Full text Abstract
48. Bandatmakur ASM, Dave P, Kerr M, et al. Effectiveness and tolerability of anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide therapy for migraine and other chronic headaches in adolescents and young adults: a retrospective study in the USA. Brain Sci. 2024 Aug 30;14(9):879.Full text Abstract
49. Szperka CL, VanderPluym J, Orr SL, et al. Recommendations on the use of anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies in children and adolescents. Headache. 2018 Nov;58(10):1658-69.Full text Abstract
50. Song D, Li P, Wang Y, et al. Noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation for migraine: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Neurol. 2023 May 11;14:1190062.Full text Abstract
51. Ashina M, Buse DC, Ashina H, et al. Migraine: integrated approaches to clinical management and emerging treatments. Lancet. 2021 Apr 17;397(10283):1505-18. Abstract
52. Ailani J, Burch RC, Robbins MS; Board of Directors of the American Headache Society. The American Headache Society consensus statement: update on integrating new migraine treatments into clinical practice. Headache. 2021 Jul;61(7):1021-39.Full text Abstract
53. Hershey AD, Irwin S, Rabany L, et al. Comparison of remote electrical neuromodulation and standard-care medications for acute treatment of migraine in adolescents: a post hoc analysis. Pain Med. 2022 Apr 8;23(4):815-20.Full text Abstract
54. Irwin SL, Qubty W, Allen IE, et al. Transcranial magnetic stimulation for migraine prevention in adolescents: a pilot open-label study. Headache. 2018 May;58(5):724-31. Abstract
55. Tassorelli C, Grazzi L, de Tommaso M, et al; PRESTO Study Group. Noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation as acute therapy for migraine: the randomized PRESTO study. Neurology. 2018 Jul 24;91(4):e364-73.Full text Abstract
56. Gelfand AA. Pediatric and adolescent headache. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2018 Aug;24(4, headache):1108-36. Abstract
57. Orr SL, Venkateswaran S. Nutraceuticals in the prophylaxis of pediatric migraine: evidence-based review and recommendations. Cephalalgia. 2014 Jul;34(8):568-83.Full text Abstract
58. Wang F, Van Den Eeden SK, Ackerson LM, et al. Oral magnesium oxide prophylaxis of frequent migrainous headache in children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Headache. 2003 Jun;43(6):601-10. Abstract
59. Oelkers-Ax R, Leins A, Parzer P, et al. Butterbur root extract and music therapy in the prevention of childhood migraine: an explorative study. Eur J Pain. 2008 Apr;12(3):301-13. Abstract
60. Bruijn J, Duivenvoorden H, Passchier J, et al. Medium-dose riboflavin as a prophylactic agent in children with migraine: a preliminary placebo-controlled, randomised, double-blind, cross-over trial. Cephalalgia. 2010 Dec;30(12):1426-34.Full text Abstract
61. Moscano F, Guiducci M, Maltoni L, et al. An observational study of fixed-dose Tanacetum parthenium nutraceutical preparation for prophylaxis of pediatric headache. Ital J Pediatr. 2019 Mar 12;45(1):36.Full text Abstract
62. Gelfand AA, Allen IE, Grimes B, et al. Melatonin for migraine prevention in children and adolescents: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial after single-blind placebo lead-in. Headache. 2023 Oct;63(9):1314-26. Abstract
63. Steiner TJ, Jensen R, Katsarava Z, et al. Aids to management of headache disorders in primary care (2nd edition): on behalf of the European Headache Federation and Lifting The Burden: the global campaign against headache. J Headache Pain. 2019 May 21;20(1):57.Full text Abstract
64. Bille BS. Migraine in school children. A study of the incidence and short-term prognosis, and a clinical, psychological and electroencephalographic comparison between children with migraine and matched controls. Acta Paediatr Suppl. 1962 May;136:1-151. Abstract
65. Pearce JM. Migraine. In: Weatherall DJ, Ledingham JG, Warrell DA, eds. Oxford textbook of medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1996:4024-6.
66. Hovaguimian A, Roth J. Management of chronic migraine. BMJ. 2022 Oct 10;379:e067670. Abstract
Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer