Acute pancreatitis

Tenner S, Baillie J, DeWitt J, et al. American College of Gastroenterology guideline: management of acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013 Sep;108(9):1400-15. Abstract

Leppäniemi A, Tolonen M, Tarasconi A, et al. 2019 WSES guidelines for the management of severe acute pancreatitis. World J Emerg Surg. 2019 Jun 13;14:27.Full text  Abstract

Working Group IAP/APA Acute Pancreatitis Guidelines. IAP/APA evidence-based guidelines for the management of acute pancreatitis. Pancreatology. 2013 Jul-Aug;13(4 Suppl 2):e1-15.Full text  Abstract

American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: acute pancreatitis. 2019 [internet publication].Full text

Crockett SD, Wani S, Gardner TB, et al. American Gastroenterological Association Institute guideline on initial management of acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology. 2018 Mar;154(4):1096-101.

Crockett SD, Wani S, Gardner TB, et al. American Gastroenterological Association Institute guideline on initial management of acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology. 2018 Mar;154(4):1096-101. Abstract

1. Nirula R. Chapter 9: Diseases of the pancreas. High yield surgery. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000.

2. Banks PA, Bollen TL, Dervenis C, et al; Acute Pancreatitis Classification Working Group. Classification of acute pancreatitis - 2012: revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus. Gut. 2013 Jan;62(1):102-11.Full text  Abstract

3. Balthazar EJ, Robinson DL, Megibow AJ, et al. Acute pancreatitis: value of CT in establishing prognosis. Radiology. 1990 Feb;174(2):331-6. Abstract

4. Doherty GM, Meko JB, Olson JA, et al. Chapter 17: Pancreas. In: The Washington manual of surgery. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1999.

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6. Raghu MG, Wig JD, Kochhar R, et al. Lung complications in acute pancreatitis. JOP. 2007 Mar 10;8(2):177-85. Abstract

7. Kingsnorth A, O'Reilly D. Acute pancreatitis. BMJ. 2006 May 6;332(7549):1072-6.Full text

8. Xiao AY, Tan ML, Wu LM, et al. Global incidence and mortality of pancreatic diseases: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of population-based cohort studies. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016 Sep;1(1):45-55. Abstract

9. GBD 2017 Pancreatic Cancer Collaborators. The global, regional, and national burden of pancreatic cancer and its attributable risk factors in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019 Dec;4(12):934-47.Full text  Abstract

10. Munoz A, Katerndahl DA. Diagnosis and management of acute pancreatitis. Am Fam Physician. 2000 Jul 1;62(1):164-74.Full text  Abstract

11. Peery AF, Crockett SD, Murphy CC, et al. Burden and cost of gastrointestinal, liver, and pancreatic diseases in the United States: update 2018. Gastroenterology. 2019 Jan;156(1):254-72.e11.Full text  Abstract

12. Brindise E, Elkhatib I, Kuruvilla A, et al. Temporal trends in incidence and outcomes of acute pancreatitis in hospitalized patients in the United States from 2002 to 2013. Pancreas. 2019 Feb;48(2):169-75. Abstract

13. Whitcomb DC. Clinical practice: acute pancreatitis. N Engl J Med. 2006 May 18;354(20):2142-50.

14. Mederos MA, Reber HA, Girgis MD. Acute pancreatitis: a review. JAMA. 2021 Jan 26;325(4):382-90. Abstract

15. Roberts SE, Morrison-Rees S, John A, et al. The incidence and aetiology of acute pancreatitis across Europe. Pancreatology. 2017 Mar - Apr;17(2):155-65. Abstract

16. van Brummelen SE, Venneman NG, van Erpecum KJ, et al. Acute idiopathic pancreatitis: does it really exist or is it a myth? Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl. 2003;(239):117-22. Abstract

17. Tenner S, Baillie J, DeWitt J, et al. American College of Gastroenterology guideline: management of acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013 Sep;108(9):1400-15. Abstract

18. Hines OJ, Pandol SJ. Management of severe acute pancreatitis. BMJ. 2019 Dec 2;367:l6227. Abstract

19. Brunicardi FC, Andersen DK, Billiar TR. Chapter 32: Pancreas. In: Schwartz's principles of surgery. 8th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2005.

20. Underwood TW, Frye CB. Drug-induced pancreatitis. Clin Pharm. 1993 Jun;12(6):440-8. Abstract

21. Gelrud A, Sheth S, Banerjee S, et al. Analysis of cystic fibrosis gener product (CFTR) function in patients with pancreas divisum and recurrent acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004 Aug;99(8):1557-62. Abstract

22. Maxson CJ, Greenfield SM, Turner JL. Acute pancreatitis as a common complication of 2',3'-dideoxyinosine therapy in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol. 1992 Jun;87(6):708-13. Abstract

23. Tenner S. Drug induced acute pancreatitis: does it exist? World J Gastroenterol. 2014 Nov 28;20(44):16529-34.Full text  Abstract

24. Sah RP, Saluja A. Molecular mechanisms of pancreatic injury. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2011 Sep;27(5):444-51.Full text  Abstract

25. Townsend C. Chapter 53: exocrine pancreas. In: Sabiston textbook of surgery board review. 17th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2004.

26. Carr RA, Rejowski BJ, Cote G2, et al. Systematic review of hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis: A more virulent etiology? Pancreatology. 2016 Jul-Aug;16(4):469-76. Abstract

27. Leppäniemi A, Tolonen M, Tarasconi A, et al. 2019 WSES guidelines for the management of severe acute pancreatitis. World J Emerg Surg. 2019 Jun 13;14:27.Full text  Abstract

28. Bálint ER, Fűr G, Kiss L, et al. Assessment of the course of acute pancreatitis in the light of aetiology: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2020 Oct 21;10(1):17936.Full text  Abstract

29. Frick TW, Wiegand D, Bimmler D, et al. A rat model to study hypercalcemia-induced acute pancreatitis. Int J Pancreatol. 1994 Apr;15(2):91-6. Abstract

30. Frick TW, Spycher MA, Heitz PU, et al. Hypercalcaemia and pancreatic ultrastructure in cats. Eur J Surg. 1992 May;158(5):289-94. Abstract

31. Juang P, Page RL, Zolty R. Probable loop diuretic-induced pancreatitis in a sulfonamide-allergic patient. Ann Pharmacother. 2006 Jan;40(1):128-34. Abstract

32. Akshintala VS, Sperna Weiland CJ, Bhullar FA, et al. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, intravenous fluids, pancreatic stents, or their combinations for the prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021 Sep;6(9):733-42. Abstract

33. Akbar A, Abu Dayyeh BK, Baron TH, et al. Rectal nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are superior to pancreatic duct stents in preventing pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a network meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013 Jul;11(7):778-83. Abstract

34. Yaghoobi M, Rolland S, Waschke KA, et al. Meta-analysis: rectal indomethacin for the prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013 Nov;38(9):995-1001.Full text  Abstract

35. Elmunzer BJ, Higgins PD, Saini SD, et al; United States Cooperative for Outcomes Research in Endoscopy. Does rectal indomethacin eliminate the need for prophylactic pancreatic stent placement in patients undergoing high-risk ERCP? Post hoc efficacy and cost-benefit analyses using prospective clinical trial data. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013 Mar;108(3):410-5.Full text  Abstract

36. Márta K, Gede N, Szakács Z, et al. Combined use of indomethacin and hydration is the best conservative approach for post-ERCP pancreatitis prevention: a network meta-analysis. Pancreatology. 2021 Oct;21(7):1247-55.Full text  Abstract

37. American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guideline on post-ERCP pancreatitis prevention strategies: summary and recommendations. Feb 2023 [internet publication].Full text

38. Buxbaum J, Yan A, Yeh K, et al. Aggressive hydration with lactated Ringer's solution reduces pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014 Feb;12(2):303-7.e1.Full text  Abstract

39. Wu D, Wan J, Xia L, et al. The efficiency of aggressive hydration with lactated ringer solution for the prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2017 Sep;51(8):e68-76. Abstract

40. Heyries L, Barthet M, Delvasto C, et al. Long-term results of endoscopic management of pancreas divisum with recurrent acute pancreatitis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2002 Mar;55(3):376-81. Abstract

41. Strand DS, Law RJ, Yang D, et al. AGA clinical practice update on the endoscopic approach to recurrent acute and chronic pancreatitis: expert review. Gastroenterology. 2022 Oct;163(4):1107-14. Abstract

42. Spicak J. Etiological factors of acute pancreatitis [in Czech]. Vnitr Lek. 2002 Sep;48(9):829-41. Abstract

43. Guda NM, Muddana V, Whitcomb DC, et al. Recurrent acute pancreatitis: international state-of-the-science conference with recommendations. Pancreas. 2018 Jul;47(6):653-66. Abstract

44. Vitone LJ, Greenhalf W, Howes NR, et al. Hereditary pancreatitis and secondary screening for early pancreatic cancer. Rocz Akad Med Bialymst. 2005;50:73-84. Abstract

45. Whitcomb DC. Genetic risk factors for pancreatic disorders. Gastroenterology. 2013 Jun;144(6):1292-302.Full text  Abstract

46. Whitcomb DC. Genetic aspects of pancreatitis. Annu Rev Med. 2010;61:413-24. Abstract

47. Giefer MJ, Lowe ME, Werlin SL, et al. Early-onset acute recurrent and chronic pancreatitis is associated with PRSS1 or CTRC gene mutations. J Pediatr. 2017 Jul;186:95-100.Full text  Abstract

48. Working Group IAP/APA Acute Pancreatitis Guidelines. IAP/APA evidence-based guidelines for the management of acute pancreatitis. Pancreatology. 2013 Jul-Aug;13(4 Suppl 2):e1-15.Full text  Abstract

49. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Pancreatitis. Dec 2020 [internet publication].Full text

50. Levy MM, Fink MP, Marshall JC, et al. 2001 SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS international sepsis definitions conference. Crit Care Med. 2003 Apr;31(4):1250-6. Abstract

51. Bass G, Gilani SN, Walsh TN. Validating the 5Fs mnemonic for cholelithiasis: time to include family history. Postgrad Med J. 2013 Nov;89(1057):638-41. Abstract

52. Stinton LM, Shaffer EA. Epidemiology of gallbladder disease: cholelithiasis and cancer. Gut Liver. 2012 Apr;6(2):172-87.Full text  Abstract

53. Zuo L, Wang CH, Yang JL, et al. The role of a workflow in diagnosing biliary causes for acute pancreatitis [in Chinese]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi. 2012 Feb;51(2):104-7. Abstract

54. Hujoel IA. The association between serum calcium levels and Chvostek sign: a population-based study. Neurol Clin Pract. 2016 Aug;6(4):321-8.Full text  Abstract

55. Rompianesi G, Hann A, Komolafe O, et al. Serum amylase and lipase and urinary trypsinogen and amylase for diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Apr 21;(4):CD012010.Full text  Abstract

56. Choosing Wisely. American Society for Clinical Pathology: testing for amylase. Sep 2016 [internet publication].Full text

57. Steinberg WM, Nauck MA, Zinman B, et al. LEADER 3--lipase and amylase activity in subjects with type 2 diabetes: baseline data from over 9000 subjects in the LEADER Trial. Pancreas. 2014 Nov;43(8):1223-31.Full text  Abstract

58. Brown A, Orav J, Banks PA. Hemoconcentration is an early marker for organ failure and necrotizing pancreatitis. Pancreas. 2000 May;20(4):367-72. Abstract

59. Tenner S, Dubner H, Steinberg W. Predicting gallstone pancreatitis with laboratory parameters: a meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 1994 Oct;89(10):1863-6. Abstract

60. Khanna AK, Meher S, Prakash S, et al. Comparison of Ranson, Glasgow, MOSS, SIRS, BISAP, APACHE-II, CTSI scores, IL-6, CRP, and procalcitonin in predicting severity, organ failure, pancreatic necrosis, and mortality in acute pancreatitis. HPB Surg. 2013;2013:367581.Full text  Abstract

61. Komolafe O, Pereira SP, Davidson BR, et al. Serum C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and lactate dehydrogenase for the diagnosis of pancreatic necrosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Apr 21;(4):CD012645.Full text  Abstract

62. Ranson JH, Rifkind KM, Turner JW. Prognostic signs and nonoperative peritoneal lavage in acute pancreatitis. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1976 Aug;143(2):209-19. Abstract

63. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: acute pancreatitis. 2019 [internet publication].Full text

64. Frossard JL, Steer ML, Pastor CM. Acute pancreatitis. Lancet. 2008 Jan 12;371(9607):143-52.

65. Fogel EL, Sherman S. ERCP for gallstone pancreatitis. N Engl J Med. 2014 Jan 9;370(2):150-7.

66. ASGE Standards of Practice Committee; Muthusamy VR, Chandrasekhara V, Acosta RD, et al. The role of endoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory pancreatic fluid collections. Gastrointest Endosc. 2016 Mar;83(3):481-8.Full text

67. Simundic AM, Bölenius K, Cadamuro J, et al. Joint EFLM-COLABIOCLI recommendation for venous blood sampling. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2018;56(12):2015-38. Abstract

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70. de-Madaria E, Buxbaum JL, Maisonneuve P, et al. Aggressive or moderate fluid resuscitation in acute pancreatitis. N Engl J Med. 2022 Sep 15;387(11):989-1000. Abstract

71. Gardner TB. Fluid resuscitation in acute pancreatitis - going over the WATERFALL. N Engl J Med. 2022 Sep 15;387(11):1038-9.

72. Baillie J, ed. Advances in endoscopy: current developments in diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2010 Jan;6(1):16-8.Full text

73. Darvas K, Futo J, Okros I, et al. Principles of intensive care in severe acute pancreatitis in 2008 [in Hungarian]. Orv Hetil. 2008 Nov 23;149(47):2211-20. Abstract

74. Curtis CS, Kudsk KA. Nutrition support in pancreatitis. Surg Clin North Am. 2007 Dec;87(6):1403-15. Abstract

75. Thomson A. Nutritional support in acute pancreatitis. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2008 May;11(3):261-6. Abstract

76. Marik PE. What is the best way to feed patients with pancreatitis? Curr Opin Crit Care. 2009 Apr;15(2):131-8. Abstract

77. Choosakul S, Harinwan K, Chirapongsathorn S, et al. Comparison of normal saline versus Lactated Ringer's solution for fluid resuscitation in patients with mild acute pancreatitis, a randomized controlled trial. Pancreatology. 2018 Jul;18(5):507-12. Abstract

78. Semler MW, Self WH, Wanderer JP, et al. Balanced crystalloids versus saline in critically ill adults. N Engl J Med. 2018 Mar 1;378(9):829-39.Full text  Abstract

79. Zampieri FG, Machado FR, Biondi RS, et al. Effect of intravenous fluid treatment with a balanced solution vs 0.9% saline solution on mortality in critically ill patients: the BaSICS randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2021 Aug 10;326(9):1-12.Full text  Abstract

80. Finfer S, Micallef S, Hammond N, et al. Balanced multielectrolyte solution versus saline in critically ill adults. N Engl J Med. 2022 Jan 18 [Epub ahead of print]. Abstract

81. Crockett SD, Wani S, Gardner TB, et al. American Gastroenterological Association Institute guideline on initial management of acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology. 2018 Mar;154(4):1096-101.

82. Buxbaum JL, Quezada M, Da B, et al. Early aggressive hydration hastens clinical improvement in mild acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017 May;112(5):797-803. Abstract

83. Fisher JM, Gardner TB. The "golden hours" of management in acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012 Aug;107(8):1146-50. Abstract

84. van Dijk SM, Hallensleben NDL, van Santvoort HC, et al. Acute pancreatitis: recent advances through randomised trials. Gut. 2017 Nov;66(11):2024-32. Abstract

85. Moretti A, Papi C, Aratari A, et al. Is early endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography useful in the management of acute biliary pancreatitis? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Dig Liver Dis. 2008 May;40(5):379-85. Abstract

86. Basurto Ona X, Rigau Comas D, Urrútia G. Opioids for acute pancreatitis pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jul 26;(7):CD009179.Full text  Abstract

87. American Geriatrics Society 2012 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society updated Beers Criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012 Apr;60(4):616-31.Full text  Abstract

88. Ramírez-Maldonado E, López Gordo S, Pueyo EM, et al. Immediate oral refeeding in patients with mild and moderate acute pancreatitis: a multicenter, randomized controlled trial (PADI trial). Ann Surg. 2021 Aug 1;274(2):255-63. Abstract

89. Vaughn VM, Shuster D, Rogers MAM, et al. Early versus delayed feeding in patients with acute pancreatitis: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2017 Jun 20;166(12):883-92. Abstract

90. Bakker OJ, van Brunschot S, van Santvoort HC, et al. Early versus on-demand nasoenteric tube feeding in acute pancreatitis. N Engl J Med. 2014 Nov 20;371(21):1983-93.Full text  Abstract

91. Arvanitakis M, Ockenga J, Bezmarevic M, et al. ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in acute and chronic pancreatitis. Clin Nutr. 2020 Mar;39(3):612-31.Full text  Abstract

92. Yi F, Ge L, Zhao J, et al. Meta-analysis: total parenteral nutrition versus total enteral nutrition in predicted severe acute pancreatitis. Intern Med. 2012;51(6):523-30.Full text  Abstract

93. Mirtallo JM, Forbes A, McClave SA, et al. International consensus guidelines for nutrition therapy in pancreatitis. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2012 May;36(3):284-91. Abstract

94. Petrov MS, Zagainov V. Influence of enteral versus parenteral nutrition on blood glucose control in acute pancreatitis: a systematic review. Clin Nutr. 2007 Oct;26(5):514-23. Abstract

95. Petrov MS, Kukosh MV, Emelyanov NV. A randomized controlled trial of enteral versus parenteral feeding in patients with predicted severe acute pancreatitis shows a significant reduction in mortality and in infected pancreatic complications with total enteral nutrition. Dig Surg. 2006;23(5-6):336-44; discussion 344-5. Abstract

96. Dutta AK, Goel A, Kirubakaran R, et al. Nasogastric versus nasojejunal tube feeding for severe acute pancreatitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Mar 26;(3):CD010582.Full text  Abstract

97. Poropat G, Giljaca V, Hauser G, et al. Enteral nutrition formulations for acute pancreatitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Mar 23;(3):CD010605.Full text  Abstract

98. Meier R, Beglinger C, Layer P, et al; European Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. ESPEN guidelines on nutrition in acute pancreatitis. Clin Nutr. 2002 Apr;21(2):173-83.

99. Gianotti L, Meier R, Lobo DN, et al; ESPEN. ESPEN guidelines on parenteral nutrition: pancreas. Clin Nutr. 2009 Aug;28(4):428-35. Abstract

100. Dellinger EP, Tellado JM, Soto NE, et al. Early antibiotic treatment for severe acute necrotizing pancreatitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Ann Surg. 2007 May;245(5):674-83.Full text  Abstract

101. Jiang K, Huang W, Yang XN, et al. Present and future of prophylactic antibiotics for severe acute pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol. 2012 Jan 21;18(3):279-84.Full text  Abstract

102. European Medicines Agency. Quinolone- and fluoroquinolone-containing medicinal products. Mar 2019 [internet publication].Full text

103. US Food and Drug Administration. FDA reinforces safety information about serious low blood sugar levels and mental health side effects with fluoroquinolone antibiotics; requires label changes. Jul 2018 [internet publication].Full text

104. US Food and Drug Administration. FDA warns about increased risk of ruptures or tears in the aorta blood vessel with fluoroquinolone antibiotics in certain patients. Dec 2018 [internet publication].Full text

105. Boxhoorn L, van Dijk SM, van Grinsven J, et al. Immediate versus postponed intervention for infected necrotizing pancreatitis. N Engl J Med. 2021 Oct 7;385(15):1372-81. Abstract

106. Gurusamy KS, Belgaumkar AP, Haswell A, et al. Interventions for necrotising pancreatitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Apr 16;(4):CD011383.Full text  Abstract

107. Gluck M, Ross A, Irani S, et al. Endoscopic and percutaneous drainage of symptomatic walled-off pancreatic necrosis reduces hospital stay and radiographic resources. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010 Dec;8(12):1083-8.Full text  Abstract

108. Vitas GJ, Sarr MG. Selected management of pancreatic pseudocysts: operative versus expectant management. Surgery. 1992 Feb;111(2):123-30. Abstract

109. Chathadi KV, Chandrasekhara V, Acosta RD, et al; ASGE Standards of Practice Committee. The role of ERCP in benign diseases of the biliary tract. Gastrointest Endosc. 2015 Apr;81(4):795-803.Full text

110. Sankaran SJ, Xiao AY, Wu LM, et al. Frequency of progression from acute to chronic pancreatitis and risk factors: a meta-analysis. Gastroenterology. 2015 Nov;149(6):1490-500.Full text  Abstract

111. Herrera ME, Seller G, de la Rubia C, et al. Hemofiltration in acute pancreatitis [in Spanish]. Med Intensiva. 2003;27:137-43.

112. Sainio V, Kemppainen E, Puolakkainen P, et al. Early antibiotic treatment in acute necrotising pancreatitis. Lancet. 1995 Sep 9;346(8976):663-7. Abstract

113. Hernandez-Aranda JC, Gallo-Chico B, Ramirez-Barba EJ. Nutritional support in severe acute pancreatitis. Controlled clinical trial [in Spanish]. Nutr Hosp. 1996 May-Jun;11(3):160-6. Abstract

114. Kotani J, Usami M, Nomura H, et al. Enteral nutrition prevents bacterial translocation but does not improve survival during acute pancreatitis. Arch Surg. 1999 Mar;134(3):287-92. Abstract

115. Ammori BJ. Role of the gut in the course of severe acute pancreatitis. Pancreas. 2003 Mar;26(2):122-9. Abstract

116. Hart PA, Bradley D, Conwell DL, et al. Diabetes following acute pancreatitis. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021 Aug;6(8):668-75. Abstract

117. Crockett SD, Wani S, Gardner TB, et al. American Gastroenterological Association Institute guideline on initial management of acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology. 2018 Mar;154(4):1096-101. Abstract

118. Bråthen G, Ben-Menachem E, Brodtkorb E, et al. Chapter 29: alcohol-related seizures. EFNS guidelines of alcohol-related seizures. In: Gilhus NE, Barnes MP, Brainin M, eds. European handbook of neurological management. 2nd ed, v1. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing; 2011:429-36.

119. Preiss D, Tikkanen MJ, Welsh P, et al. Lipid-modifying therapies and risk of pancreatitis: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2012 Aug 22;308(8):804-11.Full text  Abstract

120. Andriulli A, Leandro G, Niro G, et al. Pharmacologic treatment can prevent pancreatic injury after ERCP: a meta-analysis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2000 Jan;51(1):1-7. Abstract

121. Venneman NG, van Erpecum KJ. Gallstone disease: primary and secondary prevention. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2006;20(6):1063-73. Abstract