Uterine prolapse

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Practice bulletin no. 214: pelvic organ prolapse. Nov 2019 [internet publication].Full text

Winters JC, Dmochowski RR, Goldman HB, et al; American Urological Association; Society of Urodynamics, Female Pelvic Medicine & Urogenital Reconstruction. Urodynamic studies in adults: AUA/SUFU guideline. J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6 Suppl):2464-72. Abstract

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse in women: management. Jun 2019 [internet publication].Full text

Maher C, Feiner B, Baessler K, et al. Surgery for women with anterior compartment prolapse. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Nov 30;(11):CD004014.Full text  Abstract

Baessler K, Christmann-Schmid C, Maher C, et al. Surgery for women with pelvic organ prolapse with or without stress urinary incontinence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Aug 19;(8):CD013108.Full text  Abstract

Brubaker L, Cundiff GW, Fine P, et al; Pelvic Floor Disorders Network. Abdominal sacrocolpopexy with Burch colposuspension to reduce urinary stress incontinence. N Engl J Med. 2006 Apr 13;354(15):1557-66.Full text  Abstract

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10. Mant J, Painter R, Vessey M. Epidemiology of genital prolapse: observations from the Oxford Family Planning Association Study. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1997 May;104(5):579-85. Abstract

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12. Dietz HP, Chavez-Coloma L, Friedman T, et al. Pelvic organ prolapse in nulliparae. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2022 Jun;62(3):420-5.Full text  Abstract

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14. DeLancey JO, Morgan DM, Fenner DE, et al. Comparison of levator ani muscle defects and function in women with and without pelvic organ prolapse. Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Feb;109(2 Pt 1):295-302. Abstract

15. Mäkinen J, Söderström KO, Kiilholma P, et al. Histological changes in the vaginal connective tissue of patients with and without uterine prolapse. Arch Gynecol. 1986;239(1):17-20. Abstract

16. Moalli PA, Shand SH, Zyczynski HM, et al. Remodeling of vaginal connective tissue in patients with prolapse. Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Nov;106(5 Pt 1):953-63. Abstract

17. Norton PA, Baker JE, Sharp HC, et al. Genitourinary prolapse and joint hypermobility in women. Obstet Gynecol. 1995 Feb;85(2):225-8. Abstract

18. Carley ME, Schaffer J. Urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse in women with Marfan or Ehlers Danlos syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000 May;182(5):1021-3. Abstract

19. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Urinary incontinence in women: ACOG practice bulletin no.155. Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Nov;126(5):e66-81. Abstract

20. Samuelsson EC, Victor FT, Tibblin G, et al. Signs of genital prolapse in a Swedish population of women 20 to 59 years of age and possible related factors. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999 Feb;180(2 Pt 1):299-305. Abstract

21. Olsen AL, Smith VJ, Bergstrom JO, et al. Epidemiology of surgically managed pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence. Obstet Gynecol. 1997 Apr;89(4):501-6. Abstract

22. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Practice bulletin no. 214: pelvic organ prolapse. Nov 2019 [internet publication].Full text

23. Weidner AC, Jamison MG, Branham V, et al. Neuropathic injury to the levator ani occurs in 1 in 4 primiparous women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Dec;195(6):1851-6. Abstract

24. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: pelvic floor dysfunction in females. 2021 [internet publication].​Full text

25. Evans D, Goldstein S, Loewy A, et al. No. 385-indications for pelvic examination. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2019 Aug;41(8):1221-34. Abstract

26. Kobashi KC, Vasavada S, Bloschichak A, et al. Updates to surgical treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI): AUA/SUFU guideline (2023). J Urol. 2023 Jun;209(6):1091-8.Full text  Abstract

27. Winters JC, Dmochowski RR, Goldman HB, et al; American Urological Association; Society of Urodynamics, Female Pelvic Medicine & Urogenital Reconstruction. Urodynamic studies in adults: AUA/SUFU guideline. J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6 Suppl):2464-72. Abstract

28. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse in women: management. Jun 2019 [internet publication].Full text

29. European Association of Urology. Non-neurogenic female LUTS. Mar 2023 [internet publication].Full text

30. de Boer TA, Salvatore S, Cardozo L, et al. Pelvic organ prolapse and overactive bladder. Neurourol Urodyn. 2010;29(1):30-9.Full text  Abstract

31. Patil A, Duckett JR. Effect of prolapse repair on voiding and bladder overactivity. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2010 Oct;22(5):399-403. Abstract

32. Bump RC, Mattiasson A, Bo K, et al. The standardization of terminology of female pelvic organ prolapse and pelvic floor dysfunction. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996 Jul;175(1):10-7. Abstract

33. Haylen BT, de Ridder D, Freeman RM, et al. An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for female pelvic floor dysfunction. Int Urogynecol J. 2010 Jan;21(1):5-26. Abstract

34. Haylen BT, Maher CF, Barber MD, et al. An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for female pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Int Urogynecol J. 2016 Apr;27(4):655-84.Full text  Abstract

35. Baden WF, Walker T. Fundamentals, symptoms and classification. In: Baden WF, Walker T, eds. Surgical repair of vaginal defects. Philadelphia, PA: JB Lippincott; 1992:14.

36. United Kingdom Continence Society. UK clinical guideline for best practice in the use of vaginal pessaries for pelvic organ prolapse​. Mar 2021 [internet publication].Full text

37. Hagen S, Stark D. Conservative prevention and management of pelvic organ prolapse in women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Dec 7;(12):CD003882.Full text  Abstract

38. Bø K. Pelvic floor muscle training in treatment of female stress urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse and sexual dysfunction. World J Urol. 2012 Aug;30(4):437-43. Abstract

39. Hagen S, Stark D, Glazener C, et al; POPPY Trial Collaborators. Individualised pelvic floor muscle training in women with pelvic organ prolapse (POPPY): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2014 Mar 1;383(9919):796-806.Full text  Abstract

40. Panman C, Wiegersma M, Kollen BJ, et al. Two-year effects and cost-effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle training in mild pelvic organ prolapse: a randomised controlled trial in primary care. BJOG. 2017 Feb;124(3):511-20.Full text  Abstract

41. Fitz FF, Resende AP, Stüpp L, et al. Biofeedback for the treatment of female pelvic floor muscle dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Urogynecol J. 2012 Nov;23(11):1495-516. Abstract

42. Bugge C, Adams EJ, Gopinath D, et al. Pessaries (mechanical devices) for managing pelvic organ prolapse in women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Nov 18;11(11):CD004010.Full text  Abstract

43. Abed H, Rahn DD, Lowenstein L, et al. Incidence and management of graft erosion, wound granulation, and dyspareunia following vaginal prolapse repair with graft materials: a systematic review. Int Urogynecol J. 2011 Jul;22(7):789-98. Abstract

44. Jelovsek JE, Barber MD, Brubaker L, et al. Effect of uterosacral ligament suspension vs sacrospinous ligament fixation with or without perioperative behavioral therapy for pelvic organ vaginal prolapse on surgical outcomes and prolapse symptoms at 5 years in the OPTIMAL randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2018 Apr 17;319(15):1554-65.Full text  Abstract

45. Haya N, Feiner B, Baessler K, et al. Perioperative interventions in pelvic organ prolapse surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Aug 19;8(8):CD013105.Full text  Abstract

46. Barber MD, Brubaker L, Burgio KL, et al; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Pelvic Floor Disorders Network. Comparison of 2 transvaginal surgical approaches and perioperative behavioral therapy for apical vaginal prolapse: the OPTIMAL randomized trial. JAMA. 2014 Mar 12;311(10):1023-34.Full text  Abstract

47. Detollenaere RJ, den Boon J, Stekelenburg J, et al. Sacrospinous hysteropexy versus vaginal hysterectomy with suspension of the uterosacral ligaments in women with uterine prolapse stage 2 or higher: multicentre randomised non-inferiority trial. BMJ. 2015 Jul 23;351:h3717.Full text  Abstract

48. Lukacz ES, Warren LK, Richter HE, et al. Quality of life and sexual function 2 years after vaginal surgery for prolapse. Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Jun;127(6):1071-9.Full text  Abstract

49. Siddiqui NY, Grimes CL, Casiano ER, et al. Mesh sacrocolpopexy compared with native tissue vaginal repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Jan;125(1):44-55.Full text  Abstract

50. Mahran MA, Herath RP, Sayed AT, et al. Laparoscopic management of genital prolapse. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2011 May;283(5):1015-20. Abstract

51. Ganatra AM, Rozet F, Sanchez-Salas R, et al. The current status of laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy: a review. Eur Urol. 2009 May;55(5):1089-103. Abstract

52. Serati M, Bogani G, Sorice P, et al. Robot-assisted sacrocolpopexy for pelvic organ prolapse: a systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies. Eur Urol. 2014 Aug;66(2):303-18. Abstract

53. Anger JT, Mueller ER, Tarnay C, et al. Robotic compared with laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Jan;123(1):5-12.Full text  Abstract

54. Cvach K, Dwyer P. Surgical management of pelvic organ prolapse: abdominal and vaginal approaches. World J Urol. 2012 Aug;30(4):471-7. Abstract

55. Maher C, Feiner B, Baessler K, et al. Surgery for women with anterior compartment prolapse. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Nov 30;(11):CD004014.Full text  Abstract

56. Benson JT, Lucente V, McClellan E. Vaginal versus abdominal reconstructive surgery for the treatment of pelvic support defects: a prospective randomized study with long-term outcome evaluation. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996 Dec;175(6):1418-21. Abstract

57. Nygaard IE, McCreery R, Brubaker L, et al. Abdominal sacrocolpopexy: a comprehensive review. Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Oct;104(4):805-23. Abstract

58. Jia XG, Glazener C, Mowatt G, et al. Systematic review of the efficacy and safety of using mesh in surgery for uterine or vaginal vault prolapse. Int Urogynecol J. 2010 Nov;21(11):1413-31.Full text  Abstract

59. Geoffrion R, Larouche M. Guideline No. 413: Surgical management of apical pelvic organ prolapse in women. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2021 Apr;43(4):511-23.e1. Abstract

60. US Food and Drug Administration. FDA takes action to protect women’s health, orders manufacturers of surgical mesh intended for transvaginal repair of pelvic organ prolapse to stop selling all devices. Apr 2019 [internet publication].Full text

61. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Transvaginal mesh repair of anterior or posterior vaginal wall prolapse. Dec 2017 [internet publication].Full text

62. Bai SW, Jeon MJ, Kim JY, et al. Relationship between stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2002;13(4):256-60. Abstract

63. Baessler K, Christmann-Schmid C, Maher C, et al. Surgery for women with pelvic organ prolapse with or without stress urinary incontinence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Aug 19;(8):CD013108.Full text  Abstract

64. Wei JT, Nygaard I, Richter HE, et al; Pelvic Floor Disorders Network. A midurethral sling to reduce incontinence after vaginal prolapse repair. N Engl J Med. 2012 Jun 21;366(25):2358-67.Full text  Abstract

65. Brubaker L, Cundiff GW, Fine P, et al; Pelvic Floor Disorders Network. Abdominal sacrocolpopexy with Burch colposuspension to reduce urinary stress incontinence. N Engl J Med. 2006 Apr 13;354(15):1557-66.Full text  Abstract

66. AAGL Advancing Minimally Invasive Gynecology Worldwide. AAGL practice report: practice guidelines on the prevention of apical prolapse at the time of benign hysterectomy. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2014 Sep-Oct;21(5):715-22. Abstract

67. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Post-hysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse (green-top guideline no. 46). Jul 2015 [internet publication].Full text

68. Dällenbach P. To mesh or not to mesh: a review of pelvic organ reconstructive surgery. Int J Womens Health. 2015;7:331-43.Full text  Abstract

69. Whiteside JL, Weber AM, Meyn LA, et al. Risk factors for prolapse recurrence after vaginal repair. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Nov;191(5):1533-8. Abstract

70. Lavelle ES, Giugale LE, Winger DG, et al. Prolapse recurrence following sacrocolpopexy vs uterosacral ligament suspension: a comparison stratified by Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification stage. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Jan;218(1):116.e1-e5.Full text  Abstract

71. Culligan PJ, Murphy M, Blackwell L, et al. Long-term success of abdominal sacral colpopexy using synthetic mesh. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002 Dec;187(6):1473-80. Abstract

72. Imparato E, Aspesi G, Rovetta E, et al. Surgical management and prevention of vaginal vault prolapse. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1992 Sep;175(3):233-7. Abstract

73. Bensinger G, Lind L, Lesser M, et al. Abdominal sacral suspensions: analysis of complications using permanent mesh. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Dec;193(6):2094-8. Abstract

74. Maher CF, Qatawneh AM, Dwyer PL, et al. Abdominal sacral colpopexy or vaginal sacrospinous colpopexy for vaginal vault prolapse: a prospective randomized study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Jan;190(1):20-6. Abstract

75. Barber MD, Visco AG, Weidner AC, et al. Bilateral uterosacral ligament vaginal vault suspension with site-specific endopelvic fascia defect repair for treatment of pelvic organ prolapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000 Dec;183(6):1402-10. Abstract

76. Karram M, Goldwasser S, Kleeman S, et al. High uterosacral vaginal vault suspension with fascial reconstruction for vaginal repair of enterocele and vaginal vault prolapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2001 Dec;185(6):1339-42. Abstract

77. Shah HN, Badlani GH. Mesh complications in female pelvic floor reconstructive surgery and their management: a systematic review. Indian J Urol. 2012 Apr;28(2):129-53.Full text  Abstract

78. Deffieux X, Letouzey V, Savary D, et al; French College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (CNGOF). Prevention of complications related to the use of prosthetic meshes in prolapse surgery: guidelines for clinical practice. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2012 Dec;165(2):170-80. Abstract

79. Abramov Y, Gandhi S, Goldberg RP, et al. Site-specific rectocele repair compared with standard posterior colporrhaphy. Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Feb;105(2):314-8. Abstract